scholarly journals How can alien species inventories and interception data help us prevent insect invasions?

2007 ◽  
Vol 97 (5) ◽  
pp. 489-502 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Kenis ◽  
W. Rabitsch ◽  
M.-A. Auger-Rozenberg ◽  
A. Roques
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Alien Species ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Ecological Impact ◽  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Natural Environments ◽  
Insect Fauna ◽  
Indigenous Plant ◽  
Alien Insect ◽  
Mediterranean Plant

AbstractInformation relevant to invasion processes and invasive alien insect species management in Central Europe was extracted from two databases: a compilation of two inventories of alien insects in Austria and Switzerland, and a list of interceptions of non-indigenous plant pests in Europe gathered by the European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organisation (EPPO) for the period 1995–2004. For one-third of the insects established in Switzerland and Austria, the region of origin is unclear. Others come mainly from North America, Asia and the Mediterranean region. Among the intercepted insects, 40% were associated with commodities from Asia, 32% from Europe and only 2% from North America. Sternorrhyncha, Coleoptera and Psocoptera were particularly well represented in the alien fauna compared to the native fauna. In the interception database, Sternorrhyncha were also well represented but Diptera accounted for the highest number of records. Sap feeders and detritivores were the dominant feeding niches in the alien insect fauna. In contrast, external defoliators, stem borers, gall makers, root feeders, predators and parasitoids were underrepresented. Nearly 40% of the alien insects in Switzerland and Austria live only indoors. Another 15% live outdoors but exclusively or predominantly on exotic plants. Less than 20% are found mainly in ‘natural’ environments. The majority of introductions of alien insects in Europe are associated with the international trade in ornamental plants. An economic impact was found for 40% of the alien insects in Switzerland and Austria, whereas none is known to have an ecological impact. The implications of these observations for further studies and the management of alien species in Europe are discussed.

scholarly journals Hylotelephium spectabile, a New Host for Carnation Tortrix Moth (Cacoecimorpha pronubana) and Molecular Characterization in Greece

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 245
Author(s):  
Konstantinos B. Simoglou ◽  
Dimitrios N. Avtzis ◽  
Joaquín Baixeras ◽  
Ioanna Sarigkoli ◽  
Emmanouil Roditakis
Keyword(s):  
Urban Area ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Pest Population ◽  
New Host ◽  
European Species ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Mediterranean Origin ◽  
Mediterranean Plant ◽  
First Time

Cacoecimorpha pronubana (Hübner) (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae) is a highly polyphagous pest of a wide range of crop and ornamental plants. It is of Mediterranean origin and widespread in European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization (EPPO) region. For the first time, infestations of Hylotelephium spectabile (Boreau) Ohba (syn.: Sedum spectabile Boreau) (Saxifragales, Crassulaceae) ornamental plants by C. pronubana larvae, in private gardens in urban area of Drama, Greece, were found. Species identification was conducted based on morphology of female genitalia. In addition, due to reports on occurrence of cryptic C. pronubana species within Europe, DNA barcoding was carried out to determine the molecular status of the pest. This communication reports a new host of C. pronubana and places the Greek pest population along with European species clade.

scholarly journals First Report of a Brugmansia sp. Infected by Tomato apical stunt viroid in Belgium

Plant Disease ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 95 (4) ◽  
pp. 495-495 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Olivier ◽  
E. Demonty ◽  
J. Govers ◽  
K. Belkheir ◽  
S. Steyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Protection ◽  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Potato Spindle Tuber Viroid ◽  
Bumble Bees ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Leaf Sample ◽  
First Report ◽  
Stunt Viroid ◽  
Mediterranean Plant

During a routine screening of ornamentals by the Federal Agency for the Safety of the Food Chain (FASFC) in Belgium, a pospiviroid was detected in a symptomless Brugmansia sp. (angel's trumpets) coming from the Netherlands. Detection was performed on a leaf sample by reverse transcription (RT)-PCR, first using universal pospiviroid primer pair (2) VIR1/VIR2 and subsequently with semispecific primer pair (3) CEVd-FW/RE, to amplify the whole viroid genome. Amplicons of expected sizes (260 and 360 bp, respectively) were detected and the sequencing of the CEVd-FW/RE amplicon (GenBank Accession No. FN994891) revealed that the viroid from a Brugmansia sp. was a Tomato apical stunt viroid (TASVd) showing 99.7% similarity with the Sj1 isolate found in Solanum jasminoides (GenBank Accession No. AM777161). Diluted-sap inoculation attempts on tomato from lyophilized material were unsuccessful in agreement with previous results obtained with a Brugmansia isolate of Potato spindle tuber viroid (4). TASVd is mentioned on the alert list of EPPO (European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization) because of the heavy yield losses it can induce in tomato, its asymptomatic presence on different ornamental plants (S. jasminoides, Lycianthes rantonnetii, and Streptosolen jamesonii), and its capacity to be transmitted by contact to different Solanaceae as well as by bumble bees to tomato (1). The contaminated plants found in the survey by FASFC have been destroyed to avoid accidental transmission to potato and tomato. To our knowledge, this is the first report of TASVd in a Brugmansia sp. References: (1) Y. Antignus et al. Plant Dis. 91:47, 2007. (2) R. A. Mumford et al. EPPO Bulletin 30:431, 2000. (3) N. Önelge. Turk. J. Agric. For. 21:419, 1997. (4) J. Th. J. Verhoeven. Ph.D. thesis. Wageningen University, Netherlands, 2010.

scholarly journals Bee fauna potential visitors of coriander flowers Coriandrum sativum L. (Apiaceae) in the Mitidja area (Algeria)

2013 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leila Bendifallah ◽  
Kamel Louadi ◽  
Salaheddin Doumandji
Keyword(s):  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Coriandrum Sativum ◽  
Insect Fauna ◽  
Western Asia ◽  
Insect Pollinators ◽  
Mediterranean Plant

Abstract Coriander Coriandrum sativum L. (Apiaceae) is a year-round condiment and aromatic Mediterranean plant. It is cultivated in several countries in North Africa, in Europe, and Western Asia. In the El Harrach area of Algiers, the insect fauna visiting crop flowers includes Diptera (Syrphidae), Coleoptera, and Hymenoptera such as Chrysididae, Vespoidea, and Apoidea (Bees). The latter super-family comprises the majority of insect pollinators. Visiting bees belong to four families: Apidae, Andrenidae, Halictidae, and Colletidae. The main visitors are honeybees and six species of Andrenidae: Andrena flavipes, Andrena thoracica, Andrena lagopus, Andrena bimaculata, Andrena discors, and Andrena cinerea elliptica. The three species Andrena lagopus, Andrena bimaculata, and Andrena cinerea elliptica have 100% pollinating visits while Apis mellifera has only 63%. Andrena cinerea elliptica is the most frequent and the most abundant species.

scholarly journals Insights from Southeastern US Nursery Growers Guide Research for Sterile Ornamental Cultivars 1

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-18
Author(s):  
Allison Bechtloff ◽  
Dr. Carrie Reinhardt Adams ◽  
Dr. Sandra Wilson ◽  
Dr. Zhanao Deng ◽  
Christine Wiese
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Small Businesses ◽  
Ecological Impact ◽  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Natural Areas ◽  
Chinese Privet ◽  
Southeastern Us ◽  
Japanese Honeysuckle ◽  
Nursery Production ◽  
Production Economic

Abstract Some ornamental plants important to the nursery and landscape industries escape cultivation, spread to natural areas, and become invasive, outcompeting native plants in those ecosystems. Development of sterile cultivars of these problematic species can be one way to continue their sales yet limit their invasive potential and protect natural areas. To maximize the economic (and ecological) impact of this approach, sterile cultivar research and development should directly address grower needs. We conducted a survey of southeastern US growers to quantify sales of five popular yet invasive ornamentals (Coral ardisia, Chinese privet, Japanese honeysuckle, Heavenly bamboo, and Mexican petunia). Firms ranged from small businesses to large operations with up to $30M in gross annual sales. Respondents expressed a largely positive opinion of sterile cultivar research (74%) and a willingness to sell the sterile cultivars once created. Most (40%) recommended that sterile cultivar research on Heavenly bamboo was most critical, while 30% suggested that Chinese privet was the most important research target of the five species. The industry's willingness to adopt sterile cultivars documented in this survey positions the southeastern US to lead development of sterile cultivars and reduce invasiveness of economically important plants; research and development will be most effective if guided by industry input revealed here. Index words: Invasive species, invasive ornamental, sterile cultivar, ornamental plants, non-invasive, non-native, survey, nursery production, economic impacts. Species used in this study: Coral ardisia (Ardisia crenata Sims); Chinese privet (Ligustrum sinense Lour.); Japanese honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica Thunb.); Heavenly bamboo (Nandina domestica Thunb.); Mexican petunia (Ruellia simplex C.Wright).

scholarly journals Urban Environments Aid Invasion of Brown Widows (Theridiidae: Latrodectus geometricus) in North America, Constraining Regions of Overlap and Mitigating Potential Impact on Native Widows

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa Sadir ◽  
Katharine A. Marske
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Ecological Niche Modeling ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Ecological Impact ◽  
Niche Differentiation ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Geographic Ranges ◽  
Native Communities ◽  
Continental Scale ◽  
Latrodectus Geometricus

Urbanization is a major cause of biotic homogenization and habitat fragmentation for native communities. However, the role of urbanization on the success of biological invasions on a continental scale has yet to be explored. Urbanization may facilitate the establishment success of invasive species by minimizing niche differentiation between native and invaded ranges. In such cases, we might expect anthropogenic variables to have stronger influence on the geographic distribution of invasive compared to native populations. In this study, we use ecological niche modeling to define the distribution of non-native brown widow spider (Latrodectus geometricus) and three native black widows (L. hespersus, L. mactans, L. variolus) in North America and gauge the importance of urbanization on the geographic ranges of widows at a continental scale. We also quantify the geographic overlap of L. geometricus with each native widow to assess potential species and regions at risk of ecological impact. Consistent with our hypothesis, we find that the distribution of L. geometricus is strongly constrained to urban environments, while native widow distributions are more strongly driven by climatic factors. These results show that urbanization plays a significant role in facilitating the success of invasion, weakening the significance of climate on the realized niche in its invaded range.

scholarly journals First Occurrence of a Rust Fungus on English Daisy (Bellis perennis) in North America

Plant Disease ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 85 (5) ◽  
pp. 562-562 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. T. Koike ◽  
M. Scholler ◽  
Arthur Herbaria ◽  
Kriebel Herbaria
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Rust Fungus ◽  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
First Record ◽  
Flowering Plant ◽  
Urban Landscapes ◽  
Eastern United States ◽  
Senecio Vulgaris ◽  
Common Groundsel

English daisy (Bellis perennis, family Asteraceae) is a flowering plant native to Europe. It is widely used as an ornamental in North America but is also a weed in lawns in the western and eastern United States. In December 2000, plants growing in urban landscapes in Monterey County, CA, were infected with rust. Orange aecia containing aeciospores that measured 14 to 18 × 12.5 to 15 μm developed profusely on leaves. Severely diseased leaves wilted and collapsed. Other spore states (pycnia, uredosori, and telia) were not observed. Based on the size and ornamentation of the aeciospores, reduced white peridium, apperance of the peridial cells, and arrangement of sori, we identified the pathogen as Puccinia lagenophorae Cooke (1,3), a rust fungus native to Australia and New Zealand that since 1960 has been introduced to other continents (2). On English daisy, the disease has been reported only in Australia and Europe (1). The pathogen also occurs on numerous other plants of the subfamily Asteroideae (family Asteraceae) (2). The occurrence of P. lagenophorae on English daisy follows the recent, first-time detection of the same pathogen on common groundsel (Senecio vulgaris) in California (3). To test cross infectivity, a spore suspension of a rust isolate from common groundsel was prepared and applied to various ornamental plants known to be hosts of P. lagenophorae. Inoculated plants were kept in a humidity chamber for 48 h, then maintained in a greenhouse. After 9 to 14 days, aecia developed on English daisy, cineraria (S. cruentus), and common groundsel but did not develop on dusty miller (S. cineraria) or pot marigold (Calendula officinalis). In addition, a single telium, surrounded by aecia, was observed on one of the infected English daisy plants. The telium contained two-celled teliospores that measured 31 to 36.5 × 16 to 19 (-22) μm and one-celled mesospores that measured 22 to 34 × 13.5 to 16 μm. At point of attachment, the widths of the stalks measured 7 to 8.5 (-9.5) μm. Some of the spores had surface ridges. The morphological features of the telio- and mesospores agree with those described for P. lagenophorae. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first record of a rust fungus on English daisy in North America. The inoculation experiments indicated that the rusts on English daisy and common groundsel are not biologically separated, casting doubt on the taxonomic concept of Weber et al. (4) that considered the rust on English daisy to be a distinct species, P. distincta McAlpine (although they did not examine type material of either P. lagenophorae or P. distincta). References: (1) M. Scholler. Sydowia 49:174, 1997. (2) M. Scholler. J. Plant Dis. Prot. 105:239, 1998. (3) M. Scholler and S. T. Koike. Plant Dis. 85:335, 2001. (4) R. W. S. Weber et al. Mycol. Res. 102:1227, 1998.

Bactrocera zonata (peach fruit fly).

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdeljelil Bakri
Keyword(s):  
Plant Protection ◽  
Reproductive Potential ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Dispersal Ability ◽  
South East Asia ◽  
Peach Fruit ◽  
Export Markets ◽  
Bactrocera Zonata ◽  
Control Programmes ◽  
Mediterranean Plant

Abstract Native to South and South-East Asia, B. zonata is now found in more than 20 countries. The potential risk of its introduction to a new area is facilitated by increasing international tourism and trade, and is influenced by changes in climate and land use. After introduction, it can easily adapt and spread as it is a polyphagous species and has a high reproductive potential (as many as 564 eggs in a lifetime), high biotic potential (several generations of progeny in a year), and a rapid dispersal ability. B. zonata is a strong flier and can be active throughout the year. Economic impacts may result primarily from the loss of export markets and the costly requirement of quarantine restrictions and eradication measures. Furthermore, its establishment may have a serious impact on the environment following the initiation of chemical and/or biological control programmes. B. zonata is of quarantine significance to EPPO (the European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization) countries. The pest is classified on the A1 List of Pests recommended for regulation as quarantine pests.

Ecological Impacts

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald Getz
Keyword(s):  
Impact Assessment ◽  
Process Model ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Ecological Impact ◽  
Ecological Impacts ◽  
Natural Environments ◽  
Human Environment ◽  
Footprint Analysis ◽  
Entire Nation ◽  
Ecological Footprint Analysis

In this chapter we examine nature, ecology and ecological impacts, as distinct from the impacts of events and tourism on the built or human environment. This brings sustainability to the fore, and that is a term that has to be examined carefully with reference to the ‘greening’ of events, different interpretations of the meaning of sustainability, and how this influences evaluation and impact assessment. It is also very useful to examine environmental impacts ON events, as opposed to the impacts OF events. This involves an illustration of the event settings spectrum that identifies important variables related to the differences between indoor events and those situated in natural environments. The subjects and objects of ecological impact assessment for events and tourism are examined in detail, presenting goals, methods and indicators that can be applied to the full range of ‘subjects’ – individuals and families or the entire nation. The process of EIA follows the generic IA process model, with a number of special considerations. Methods include the Leopold Matrix, Forces-Pressures-State-Impact-Response model, and carbon and ecological footprint analysis.

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