Temperature-dependent development, survival and reproduction of Apanteles hemara (Nixon) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) on Spoladea recurvalis (F.) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 110 (5) ◽  
pp. 577-587
Author(s):  
M. K. Agbodzavu ◽  
Z. Osiemo-Lagat ◽  
M. Gikungu ◽  
S. Ekesi ◽  
K. K. M. Fiaboe
Keyword(s):  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Developmental Time ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Thermal Constant ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Dependent Development ◽  
Immature Development ◽  
Survival And Reproduction ◽  
Pupal Mortality ◽  
Increasing Temperature

AbstractThe temperature-dependent development of Apanteles hemara (Nixon), a larval endoparasitoid of the devastating amaranth pest Spoladea recurvalis (F.) was studied in the laboratory at six constant temperatures (10, 15, 20, 25, 30 and 35 °C), a photoperiod of 12L:12D and a relative humidity of 60–70%. Developmental time decreased significantly with increasing temperature within the range of 15–30 °C. The parasitoid's pupal mortality, successful parasitism rate, adult emergence rate and longevity, sex ratio and fecundity were affected by temperature. The population of A. hemara failed to develop at 10 and 35 °C. The development threshold (Tmin) and the thermal constant (K) were calculated by the linear model while the lethal temperature (Tmax) was determined by the Lactin-1 model. The estimated values of Tmin, Tmax and K by the two models were 10.3 °C, 35.0 °C and 185.18 DD respectively for the total immature development. The estimated value of the optimum temperature using the Taylor model was 30.8 °C. This is the first study to report on the effect of temperature on the developmental parameters of A. hemara giving an insight into its biology. The implications of these findings for the use of A. hemara in biological control are discussed.

scholarly journals Temperature-dependent development and mortality of Australian cockroach, Periplaneta australasiae (Fabricius) (Blattodea: Blattidae

2010 ◽  
Vol 40 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 11-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Stejskal ◽  
J. Lukáš ◽  
R. Aulický
Keyword(s):  
Development Rate ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Thermal Constant ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Thermal Threshold ◽  
Dependent Development ◽  
Thermal Constants ◽  
Temperature Controlled ◽  
Periplaneta Australasiae

The effect of temperature on the development of the 1<SUP>st</SUP> instar of <I>Periplaneta australasiae</I> (Fabr.) was studied at the four constant temperatures of 21°C, 24°C, 27°C and 30°C in temperature-controlled chambers. Mortality was 50% at 30°C, and 10% at 21°C, 24° and 27°C. Thermal constants were established by plotting linear regression to development rate. The thermal threshold for the development was 17.1°C and the thermal constant for 1<SUP>st</SUP> instar larvae was 147.1 day-degrees. As “safe temperature” (<I>t<SUB>s</SUB></I>) – the temperature to be maintained in stores or food premises to prevent the development of a pest species – we recommend 16°C.

Temperature-dependent survival and reproduction within populations of the ectoparasitic digenean Transversotrema patialense on the fish host

Parasitology ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Mills
Keyword(s):  
Life Span ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Fish Host ◽  
Adult Parasite ◽  
Optimum Temperature ◽  
Brachydanio Rerio ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Parasite Survival ◽  
Survival And Reproduction ◽  
Increasing Temperature

SUMMARYThe reproduction and survival of the ectoparasitic digenean Transversotrema patialense on the fish host Brachydanio rerio are shown to be temperature-dependent. Survival is reduced by any deviation from an optimum temperature of approximately 23°C. With increasing temperature the rate of egg production per surviving fluke rises progressively faster to a higher peak up to 29°C but falls to zero by 35°C. The span of egg production varies closely with the life-span of the parasite at each temperature. The optimum temperature for the total number of eggs produced by each cohort of parasites is also 23°C. This number is a function of both adult parasite survival and the rate of egg output.

scholarly journals Using the loess method to describe the effect of temperature on development rate

2017 ◽  
Vol 53 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 226-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liu Junhe ◽  
Yan Yan ◽  
Yu Mingfu ◽  
Parajulee Megha N ◽  
Shi Peijian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Parametric Model ◽  
Development Rate ◽  
Parametric Models ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Local Regression ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Dependent Development ◽  
Development Rates

Temperature has a significant influence on development rates of insects and mites. Many parametric models were built to describe the temperature-dependent development rates. However, these models provided different shapes of the curves of development rate versus temperature. For different datasets, investigators have to spend much time on considering which the parametric model is the best for describing the temperature-dependent development rates. In the present study, we encourage investigators to use an important non-parametric model, the loess method, which belongs to local regression methods. The loesS method is used to fit some published data on the development rate of aphids to check the goodness-of-fit. We find that the loess method is very flexible for fitting the given datasets. Thus, we consider that the loess method can be used to describe the effect of temperature on the development rate of insects or mites.

EFFECTS OF PHOTOPERIOD AND TEMPERATURE ON DIAPAUSE OF TWO APHEL1NUS SPP. (HYMENOPTERA: APHELINIDAE) PARASITIZING THE RUSSIAN WHEAT APHID

1992 ◽  
Vol 124 (5) ◽  
pp. 853-860 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.S. Yu
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Rate ◽  
Developmental Time ◽  
Russian Wheat Aphid ◽  
Lower Threshold ◽  
Maximum Sensitivity ◽  
Thermal Constant ◽  
Degree Days ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
C 50 ◽  
Aphelinus Varipes

AbstractThe effects of photoperiod and temperature on the diapause of Aphelinus varipes (Focrster) from Kazakhstan and Apheiinus near varipes from Alberta, which both attack Russian wheat aphid, were studied in the laboratory. At 20 °C, 50% of A. varipes entered diapause when the photoperiod was between 12.5L:11.5D and 13L:11D whereas 50% of A. nr. varipes entered diapause when the photoperiod was around 14L:10D. Diapause induction was close to 100% at 11.5L:12.5D for both species. Maximum sensitivity to photoperiod occurred 2 days alter parasitization for A. varipes and 3 days after parasitization for A. nr. varipes. At 30 °C, the proportion of wasps entering diapause was reduced to 40 and 72% for A. varipes and A. nr. varipes, respectively. Exposing diapausing mummies to temperatures from 10 to −10 °C for 4–20 weeks shortened the postdiapause developmental time. Survival was lowered by exposing mummies to −10 °C for over 8 weeks. Postdiapause developmental rate was directly temperature dependent. The lower threshold and thermal constant for postdiapause development were estimated to be 10.3 °C and 189 degree-days (DD) for A. varipes and 7.41 °C and 204 DD for A. nr. varipes.

The Effect of Temperature on the Material Damping of Graphite/Epoxy Composites in a Simulated Space Environment

1990 ◽  
Vol 112 (3) ◽  
pp. 277-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. T. Spirnak ◽  
J. R. Vinson
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Damping Ratio ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Space Environment ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Time Cost ◽  
Material Damping ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Increasing Temperature ◽  
Free Beam

An experimental method for measuring material damping is described, which employs a free-free beam lightly supported at the nodes. A thermal space environment is simulated by measuring the material damping in air at temperatures ranging from −65°F to 225°F, and then subtracting out the effects of atmospheric damping. This method saves considerable time, cost and experimental difficulties associated with performing the experiments in a vacuum. Graphite/epoxy AS4/3501-6 composite beam specimens were tested. At room temperature, the [0°]12 composites were found to have an average damping ratio of 0.0556 percent. The [90°]12 composites were found to have an average material damping ratio of 0.55 percent. These data agree well with the theoretical models and experimental measurements performed in a vacuum. The material damping ratio is temperature dependent over the range −65°F to 225°F, increasing with increasing temperature. For the [0°]12 composite, the material damping ratio varies from 0.0397 percent at −65°F to 0.083 percent at 225°F. For the [90°]12 composite, the material damping ratio varies from 0.408 percent at −65°F to 0.860 percent at 225°F.

Effect of temperature on the fluorescence emission of ENCTTTC in different nonpolar solvents

2013 ◽  
Vol 91 (11) ◽  
pp. 971-975 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.R. Patil ◽  
R.M. Melavanki ◽  
J. Thipperudrappa ◽  
Ushie Onumashi Afi
Keyword(s):  
Excited States ◽  
Thermal Activation ◽  
Fluorescence Emission ◽  
Energy Difference ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Relative Location ◽  
Nonradiative Transition ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Nonpolar Solvents ◽  
Increasing Temperature

The effect of temperature (20–60 °C) on the fluorescence emission of (E)-N-(3-chlorophenyl)-2-(3,4,5-trimethoxybenzylideneamino)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrobenzo [b]thiophene-3carboxamide (ENCTTTC) is studied in different solvents. It is found that there is no shift in the position of fluorescence maxima, but the intensity decreases with increasing temperature, which depends on the polarity of the solvent. A mechanism of fluorescence quenching with rise in temperature is discussed in terms of the relative location of lowest (ππ*) (nπ*) states and the energy difference between them. The change in temperature brings about a change in the probabilities of radiative and nonradiative transition. The nonradiative deactivation of excited states in the absence of a quencher is temperature dependent and its thermal activation energy has been determined.

Finite element simulation and experimental investigation on the effect of temperature on pseudoelastic behavior of perforated Ni–Ti shape memory alloy strips

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emre Altas ◽  
Farshid Khosravi Maleki ◽  
Hasan Gokkaya ◽  
Vahid Arab Maleki ◽  
Yüksel Akınay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Shape Memory ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Flexural Stiffness ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Three Point Bending ◽  
Increasing Temperature ◽  
The Finite Element Model ◽  
Pseudoelastic Behavior

Abstract In the present study, the temperature-dependent pseudoelastic behavior of shape memory alloy sheets is studied experimentally and by finite element modeling. For this purpose, temperature-dependent mechanical properties for Ni-Ti alloy materials are first obtained by using direct tensile and three-point bending experiments at 23, 50, and 80 °C temperatures, respectively. The structure of these materials is examined at different temperatures using SEM images and the XRD test. Furthermore, using the finite element model, the pseudoelastic behavior and the effect of temperature on the residual deflection of the prose-shape memory strips with a circular hole under three-point bending loads are studied. After validating the results of the finite element model with the results of experimental tests, the effects of various parameters such as the diameter and number of holes on residual deformation and residual strains are investigated. The results show that with increasing temperature, the mechanical properties including the tensile strength, Young's modulus, yield stress, and flexural strength of SMA strips increase significantly. For solid strips, although increasing the temperature increases the maximum flexural force, in contrast, it reduces the flexural stiffness. In solid strips, flexural stiffness decreases by 5.5% with increasing temperature from 23 °C to 80 °C.

scholarly journals Effect of temperature and diet on Plodia interpunctella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) development with special reference to Isomegalen diagram and accumulated degree days

2019 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Defilippo ◽  
A. Grisendi ◽  
S. Savoldelli ◽  
D. Torri ◽  
M. Dottori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Plodia Interpunctella ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Degree Days ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Immature Development ◽  
Indian Meal ◽  
Lepidoptera Pyralidae ◽  
Accumulated Degree Days

Immature development times of the Indian meal moth, Plodia interpunctella were studied in the laboratory at four different constant temperatures (20, 23, 25, 27°C) reared on a standard diet (D1) and chocolate (D2). The minimal duration of development from oviposition to adult emergence was inversely related to temperature, ranging from 2.3±0.36 days to 50.5±0.5 days for D1 and from 36.7±0.53 days to 106.73±1.10 days for D2 for 27°C and 20°C, respectively. The minimum development threshold (tL), obtained from linear regression model of the development rates at the four studied constant temperature regimes, for total immature development is 15.3°C and 17.1°C for D1 and D2, respectively and the accumulated degree days (ADD) for P. interpunctella is 249.51°C for D1 and 358.4°C for D2 above the threshold.

Effect of Temperature on the Survival and Developmental Rate of Immature Ooencyrtus mirus (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 113 (4) ◽  
pp. 1675-1684 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy A Power ◽  
Fatemeh Ganjisaffar ◽  
Thomas M Perring
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Developmental Rate ◽  
Mass Rearing ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Invasive Pest ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Thermal Constant ◽  
Developmental Threshold ◽  
Slow Development ◽  
Immature Development

Abstract Bagrada hilaris (Burmeister) is an invasive pest of cole crops in the southwestern United States. To find potential biocontrol agents of B. hilaris, three egg parasitoids were imported from Pakistan, including Ooencyrtus mirus, a recently described uniparental species. We investigated the effect of temperature on survival and developmental rate in O. mirus from egg to adult. At 14 and 16°C, no adults emerged unless the immatures were transferred later to a warmer temperature. At constant 18°C, a low percentage emerged, but again more emerged if the immatures were transferred to a warmer temperature. Survival ranged from 80 to 96% at 20–37°C and did not differ significantly among these temperatures. No adults emerged at 38°C. Regardless of the amount of time the parasitized eggs were held at 14 and 16°C, the developmental times after returning the eggs to 26°C were similar, suggesting a quiescence process rather than simply slow development. At higher temperatures, the developmental rate increased linearly from 18 to 36°C and then declined at 37°C. The Wang model provided the best fit of the data and estimated a lower developmental threshold at 13.0°C, an optimal temperature at 35.6°C, and an upper developmental threshold of 38.3°C. The thermal constant for total immature development is 168.4 degree-days. The results show 36°C to be the best temperature for rearing O. mirus, and that O. mirus-parasitized eggs can be stored at 14°C for months without losing viability. These are crucial data to consider when mass rearing this biological control agent.

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