EFFECTS OF PHOTOPERIOD AND TEMPERATURE ON DIAPAUSE OF TWO APHEL1NUS SPP. (HYMENOPTERA: APHELINIDAE) PARASITIZING THE RUSSIAN WHEAT APHID

1992 ◽  
Vol 124 (5) ◽  
pp. 853-860 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.S. Yu
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Rate ◽  
Developmental Time ◽  
Russian Wheat Aphid ◽  
Lower Threshold ◽  
Maximum Sensitivity ◽  
Thermal Constant ◽  
Degree Days ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
C 50 ◽  
Aphelinus Varipes

AbstractThe effects of photoperiod and temperature on the diapause of Aphelinus varipes (Focrster) from Kazakhstan and Apheiinus near varipes from Alberta, which both attack Russian wheat aphid, were studied in the laboratory. At 20 °C, 50% of A. varipes entered diapause when the photoperiod was between 12.5L:11.5D and 13L:11D whereas 50% of A. nr. varipes entered diapause when the photoperiod was around 14L:10D. Diapause induction was close to 100% at 11.5L:12.5D for both species. Maximum sensitivity to photoperiod occurred 2 days alter parasitization for A. varipes and 3 days after parasitization for A. nr. varipes. At 30 °C, the proportion of wasps entering diapause was reduced to 40 and 72% for A. varipes and A. nr. varipes, respectively. Exposing diapausing mummies to temperatures from 10 to −10 °C for 4–20 weeks shortened the postdiapause developmental time. Survival was lowered by exposing mummies to −10 °C for over 8 weeks. Postdiapause developmental rate was directly temperature dependent. The lower threshold and thermal constant for postdiapause development were estimated to be 10.3 °C and 189 degree-days (DD) for A. varipes and 7.41 °C and 204 DD for A. nr. varipes.

Biological traits of the predatory mirid Macrolophus praeclarus, a candidate biocontrol agent for the Neotropical region

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Meritxell Pérez-Hedo ◽  
Carolina Gallego ◽  
Amy Roda ◽  
Barry Kostyk ◽  
Mónica Triana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Rate ◽  
Predation Rate ◽  
Developmental Time ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Thermal Constant ◽  
Biological Traits ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Defensive Responses ◽  
Predatory Mirid

Abstract The predatory mirid Macrolophus praeclarus is widely distributed throughout the Americas, and is reported to prey upon several horticultural pest species. However, little is known about its biology, thermal requirements, crop odour preferences, phytophagy, and capability to induce defensive responses in plants. When five temperatures studied (20, 25, 30, 33 and 35°C) were tested and Ephestia kuehniella was used as prey, the developmental time from egg to adult on tomato, was longest at 20°C (56.3 d) and shortest at 33°C (22.7 d). The ability of nymphs to develop to adults decreased as the temperature increased, with the highest number of nymphs reaching the adult stage at 20°C (78.0%) and lowest at 35°C (0%). The lower and upper developmental thresholds were estimated at 11.2° and 35.3°C, respectively. The maximum developmental rate occurred at 31.7°C and the thermal constant was 454.0 ± 8.1 degree days. The highest predation rate of E. kuehniella eggs was obtained at 30°C. In Y-tube olfactory choice tests, M. praeclarus selected tomato, sweet pepper and eggplant odours more frequently than no plant control treatment. Macrolophus praeclarus feeding did not damage tomato plants compared to another zoophytophagous mirid, Nesidiocoris tenuis, which caused necrotic rings. The phytophagy of M. praeclarus induced defensive responses in tomato plants through the upregulation of the jasmonic acid metabolic pathway. The implications of the findings for using M. praeclarus in tomato biological control programmes in the Americas are discussed.

Life table parameters of Iranian population, Tetranychus kanzawai (Acari: Tetranychidae) fed on soybean leaves 

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iman Hassanvand ◽  
Shahriar Jafari ◽  
Masoumeh Khanjani
Keyword(s):  
Life Table ◽  
Nonlinear Models ◽  
Developmental Rate ◽  
Developmental Time ◽  
Thermal Constant ◽  
Adult Longevity ◽  
Immature Stages ◽  
Tetranychus Kanzawai ◽  
Life Table Parameters ◽  
Critical Temperatures

The effects of six ambient temperatures (15, 20, 25, 30, 35 and 37.5ºC) on life table parameters of Tetranychus kanzawai Kishida (Tetranychidae) were studied under laboratory conditions on soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill). Total immature developmental time of females at the above-mentioned temperatures was 28.55, 16.34, 9.01, 6.96, 5.56 and 5.65 days, respectively. A linear and two nonlinear models of Lactin and SSI were fitted to developmental rate of immature stages of T. kanzawai to predict the developmental rate as a function of temperature, as well as to estimate the thermal constant (k) and critical temperatures. The estimated k for total immature developmental time of females and males was 134.58 and 126.74 DD, respectively. The estimated Topt and Tmax by Lactin model for overall immature stages were 36.20 and 40.70ºC, respectively. Intrinsic optimum temperature (TФ) and T1 (Topt) by SSI model for total immature stages was estimated to be 23.23 and 35.71ºC, respectively. Also the estimated TL and Th of SSI model for overall immature stage were 09.21 and 38.46ºC, respectively. The longest and shortest adult longevity was observed at 15°C (60.63 days), and 37.5°C (7.34 days), respectively. Mated females laid highest and lowest eggs at 25°C (237.96 eggs) and 37.5°C (30.54 eggs), respectively. The rm values ranged from 0.356 day-1 at 30°C to 0.089 day-1at 15°C. The highest value of R0 was 163.55 offspring female-1 at 25°C. The presented information in this study provided new perspective to better management of T. kanzawai on apple trees in Iran.

Temperature-dependent development of Amblyseius swirskii (Acari: Phytoseiidae) on Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 538-547 ◽  
Author(s):  
Azadeh Farazmand ◽  
Masood Amir-maafi ◽  
Remzi Atlihan
Keyword(s):  
Nonlinear Models ◽  
Information Criterion ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Developmental Rate ◽  
Developmental Time ◽  
Thermal Constant ◽  
Temperature Threshold ◽  
Immature Stages ◽  
Amblyseius Swirskii ◽  
Wide Range

In this study, developmental time of Amblyseius swirskii Athias-Henriot feeding on immature stages of Tetranychus urticae Koch was evaluated at eight constant temperatures (15, 20, 25, 27.5, 30, 32.5, 35, and 37.5 °C) providing 60±5% RH and a photoperiod of 16 L: 8 D. Duration of the egg to adult developmental time decreased sharply with increasing temperature, except at 37.5°C. To describe the developmental rate of A. swirskii as a function of temperature, one linear and 9 nonlinear models (Logan-6, Logan-10, Lactin-1, Lactin-2, Briere-1, Briere-2, Analytis-3, Polynomial, and Equation-16) were fitted. The lower temperature threshold (T0) and the thermal constant (K) were estimated by the linear model for the total immature stage as 7.90 °C and 140.85 DD, respectively. Based on the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) and R2adj, Polynomial, Analytis-3, Analytis-3, Logan-10 and Briere-2 were the best models for eggs, larvae, protonymphs, deutonymphs and total immature stages of A. swirskii, respectively. Our findings showed that development and predation of A. swirskii occurs in a wide range of temperatures. Therefore, this predatory mite could be applied in control of T. urticae in different weather conditions.

Reciprocal crosses between two populations ofTrissolcus vassilievi(Mayr) (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) reveal maternal effects on thermal phenotypes

2015 ◽  
Vol 105 (3) ◽  
pp. 355-363
Author(s):  
S. Iranipour ◽  
P. BenaMolaei ◽  
S. Asgari ◽  
J.P. Michaud
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Effect ◽  
Developmental Time ◽  
Adult Survival ◽  
Thermal Constant ◽  
Temperature Threshold ◽  
Degree Days ◽  
Sunn Pest ◽  
Female Progeny ◽  
Reciprocal Crosses ◽  
Two Populations

AbstractThe egg parasitoidTrissolcus vassilievi(Mayr) (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) is a significant natural enemy of the sunn pest,Eurygaster integricepsPuton (Hemiptera: Scutelleridae), the most important pest of wheat in Iran. This study examined the developmental time and egg-to-adult survival of two geographically separate populations ofT. vassilievion two corresponding host populations at five constant temperatures ranging from 15.0 to 35.0±1°C. No wasps of either population emerged at 15.0°C and the temperature threshold for development was similar between populations, ranging from 13.1±0.3 to 13.8±0.4°C for males and 12.2±0.1 to 12.6±0.1°C for females, but the thermal constant varied with gender and parasitoid population. Development of wasps from the colder Tabriz location was slower, with thermal constants for males and females of 172.6±3.1 and 204.1±1.2 degree-days, respectively, compared to Varamin wasps with 164.7±3.0 and 195.6±1.3 degree-days, respectively. Based on genetic inheritance patterns, reciprocal crosses between the two populations were expected to result in females with thermal phenotypes intermediate to their parental populations, and males that resembled their mothers. However, female progeny of crosses more closely resembled their maternal population, indicating a maternal effect on thermal phenotype. Furthermore, the magnitude of the maternal effect on the thermal constant was asymmetric and was more strongly expressed by Varmin than Tabriz females. These results suggest the possibility of using selective crosses between wasp populations, in combination with artificial selection in the laboratory, to tune the thermal phenotype of parasitoids to specific regions prior to augmentative releases.

scholarly journals Effect of temperature on the development and progeny production of Glyptapanteles muesebecki (Blanchard) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) parasitizing larvae of Pseudaletia sequax Franclemont (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

1999 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luís A. Foerster ◽  
Marion do R.F. Avanci ◽  
Augusta K. Doetzer
Keyword(s):  
Pupal Stage ◽  
Developmental Time ◽  
Lower Threshold ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Progeny Production ◽  
Degree Days ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Threshold Temperatures ◽  
Lower Temperature ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

The developmental time of Glyptapanteles muesebecki (Blanchard) parasitizing the armyworm Pseudaletia sequax Franclemont, and the number of pupae/host were determined at six constant temperatures ranging from 14° to 30°C. The egg + larval stages lasted from 17.8 days at 26° and 29°C to 56.4 days at 14°C, while the pupal stage ranged from 6.4 days at 29°C to 34.5 days at 14°C. G. muesebecki required 291.9 degree-days (DD) above the lower threshold of 8.9°C to complete the egg + larval development, while the pupae required 107.0 DD above 11.1°C. Development from egg to adult was completed after 397.4 DD above the lower threshold of 9.6°C. The number of pupae/host was not significantly different between 18°° and 26°C, and ranged from 86.9 at 22°C to 92.1 at 18°C. At the lower (14°°C) and upper (29°C) threshold temperatures, this number was significantly lower, averaging 27.6 and 19.8 pupae/host, respectively. Moreover, at 14° and 29°C the proportion of parasitized caterpillars was significantly lower than in the range between 18° and 26°C and at the lower temperature there was no synchronism in the pupation of parasitoids from the same host. At 30°C, the host larvae died before the emergence of the parasitoids. At 18, 22 or 26°C, the development and progeny production of G. muesebecki was not affected in the laboratory after five consecutive generations.

scholarly journals GROWTH THRESHOLD AND DEGREE DAYS REQUIREMENT FOR DEVELOPMENT AND GROWTH OF CITRUS MEALYBUG Planococcus citri (Risso), HEMIPTERA : PSEUDOCOCCIDAE

2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Al-Shammari & Al-Zubaidy
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Developmental Time ◽  
Thermal Constant ◽  
Planococcus Citri ◽  
Degree Days ◽  
Developmental Threshold ◽  
Citrus Mealybug ◽  
Mealy Bug ◽  
The Impact

Laboratory studies was conducted in Biocontrol unit- Faculty of Agriculture- University of Baghdad in order to determine the impact of different temperatures  15,  20,  25, 30 and 35 ±2 C°  on the development and growth rate of  different stages of mealy bug P.citri. The results showed that the total developmental time from (egg - adult)of the mealy bug were  24.0, 28.08, 39.67 and 73.31 days  respectively. With significant rearing differences on temperatures 15, 20, 25 and 30 ±2  C°  respectively, while no development and growth rate on temperature  35±C°. the developmental threshold for the mealy bug stages  eggs,  crawlers, 2nd  and 3rd nymphal instars as well as the duration of the egg to adult were different, being 7.1, 7.26, 7.08, 7.12 and 7.15C° respectively, while 116.27, 136.98 and 172.4 thermal units for  degree days required for growth and development while the thermal constant for the period from egg to adult was 526.31. Optimum temperature was 27.85C ͦ  while Upper threshold was 33.64 C° for P.citri  Which refers to the lack of suitable high temperature for growth and development .

scholarly journals Effect of temperature on the developmental rate, longevity and parasitism of Aphidius ervi Haliday (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae)

2008 ◽  
Vol 44 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 19-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Malina ◽  
J. Praslička
Keyword(s):  
Adult Development ◽  
Developmental Rate ◽  
Aphidius Ervi ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Degree Days ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Dependent Development ◽  
Aphis Pomi ◽  
Reported Data ◽  
The Relationship

Temperature-dependent development, longevity and parasitism of the parasitoid Aphidius ervi Haliday was measured at four constant temperatures between 15°C and 30°C using Aphis pomi de Geer as host. The thresholds for egg-mummy and mummy-adult development were 6.8°C and 3.9°C, respectively. Development into mummies required an average of 146.3 degree-days (DD), while development into adults took an average of 85.3 DD. Longevity was increasing linearly in the range from 15°C to 25°C (8–15 days), but was lower at 30°C (11 days). The relationship between parasitism, recorded as percent aphids mummified, and temperature was increasing at the temperatures 15–25°C, but decreasing at higher temperatures; 10.8% of the aphids were parasitised at 15°C, 15.9% at 25°C and 14.6% at 30°C. These results are compared with previously reported data on temperature-dependent development of A. ervi on a different host.

scholarly journals GROWTH THRESHOLD AND DEGREE DAYS REQUIREMENT FOR DEVELOPMENT AND GROWTH OF CITRUS MEALYBUG Planococcus citri (Risso), HEMIPTERA : PSEUDOCOCCIDAE

2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Al-Shammari & Al-Zubaidy
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Developmental Time ◽  
Thermal Constant ◽  
Planococcus Citri ◽  
Degree Days ◽  
Developmental Threshold ◽  
Citrus Mealybug ◽  
Mealy Bug ◽  
The Impact

Laboratory studies was conducted in Biocontrol unit- Faculty of Agriculture- University of Baghdad in order to determine the impact of different temperatures  15,  20,  25, 30 and 35 ±2 C°  on the development and growth rate of  different stages of mealy bug P.citri. The results showed that the total developmental time from (egg - adult)of the mealy bug were  24.0, 28.08, 39.67 and 73.31 days  respectively. With significant rearing differences on temperatures 15, 20, 25 and 30 ±2  C°  respectively, while no development and growth rate on temperature  35±C°. the developmental threshold for the mealy bug stages  eggs,  crawlers, 2nd  and 3rd nymphal instars as well as the duration of the egg to adult were different, being 7.1, 7.26, 7.08, 7.12 and 7.15C° respectively, while 116.27, 136.98 and 172.4 thermal units for  degree days required for growth and development while the thermal constant for the period from egg to adult was 526.31. Optimum temperature was 27.85C ͦ  while Upper threshold was 33.64 C° for P.citri  Which refers to the lack of suitable high temperature for growth and development .

Temperature-dependent development, survival and reproduction of Apanteles hemara (Nixon) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) on Spoladea recurvalis (F.) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 110 (5) ◽  
pp. 577-587
Author(s):  
M. K. Agbodzavu ◽  
Z. Osiemo-Lagat ◽  
M. Gikungu ◽  
S. Ekesi ◽  
K. K. M. Fiaboe
Keyword(s):  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Developmental Time ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Thermal Constant ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Dependent Development ◽  
Immature Development ◽  
Survival And Reproduction ◽  
Pupal Mortality ◽  
Increasing Temperature

AbstractThe temperature-dependent development of Apanteles hemara (Nixon), a larval endoparasitoid of the devastating amaranth pest Spoladea recurvalis (F.) was studied in the laboratory at six constant temperatures (10, 15, 20, 25, 30 and 35 °C), a photoperiod of 12L:12D and a relative humidity of 60–70%. Developmental time decreased significantly with increasing temperature within the range of 15–30 °C. The parasitoid's pupal mortality, successful parasitism rate, adult emergence rate and longevity, sex ratio and fecundity were affected by temperature. The population of A. hemara failed to develop at 10 and 35 °C. The development threshold (Tmin) and the thermal constant (K) were calculated by the linear model while the lethal temperature (Tmax) was determined by the Lactin-1 model. The estimated values of Tmin, Tmax and K by the two models were 10.3 °C, 35.0 °C and 185.18 DD respectively for the total immature development. The estimated value of the optimum temperature using the Taylor model was 30.8 °C. This is the first study to report on the effect of temperature on the developmental parameters of A. hemara giving an insight into its biology. The implications of these findings for the use of A. hemara in biological control are discussed.

scholarly journals Thermal requirements and estimated number of generations of Neopamera bilobata (Say) in strawberry-producing regions of Brazil

2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Taciana Melissa de Azevedo Kuhn ◽  
Alci Enimar Loeck ◽  
Marcos Botton
Keyword(s):  
Adult Stage ◽  
Thermal Constant ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Degree Days ◽  
Climate Chamber ◽  
Thermal Threshold ◽  
Developmental Threshold ◽  
Thermal Requirements ◽  
Developmental Thresholds ◽  
The Mean

ABSTRACT: The thermal threshold and thermal requirements of Neopamera bilobata were determined, and the number of generations that this species may produce in the main strawberry-producing regions of Brazil was estimated. In a climate chamber (70±10% RH and 12h photophase) at 16, 19, 22, 25, 28, or 30±1°C, the development of 120 eggs was monitored until the adult stage, at each temperature. Nymphs were maintained in individual cages and fed on strawberry fruits of the cultivar Aromas. The mean duration and viability of the egg and nymph stages were calculated by estimating the lower and upper developmental thresholds and the thermal constant, and this information was used to estimate the number of generations per year in different strawberry-producing regions of Brazil. The egg-to-adult duration decreased as temperatures increased, up to 28°C (93.4, 83.2, 43.9, and 31.4 days at 19, 22, 25, and 28°C, respectively). Viability of nymphs was highest between 22 and 28°C. At 30°C, the egg-to-adult duration increased (36 days), while the viability decreased (11.11%). The lower egg-to-adult developmental threshold was 15.2°C and the thermal constant was 418.4 degree-days. Calculating the number of generations indicated that the largest number (5.1 generations yr-1) was obtained for the municipality of Jaboti, Paraná, and the smallest for Caxias do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul (1.9 generations yr-1). Our findings demonstrated that important strawberry-producing regions in Brazil are suitable for the development of N. bilobata.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document