scholarly journals A Spirit of Generosity: Philanthropy in the Scotch Whisky Industry

2019 ◽  
Vol 93 (3) ◽  
pp. 529-552 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niall G. MacKenzie ◽  
Jillian Gordon ◽  
Martin J. Gannon
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Organizational Structure ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
Commercial Vehicle ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Ownership Structures ◽  
Three Sisters ◽  
Scotch Whisky ◽  
Over Time

Recent literature on philanthropy and business has focused on the returns to businesses and entrepreneurs from giving. In this article, we show how historical context impacts the motivations and organizational forms created over time in philanthropic giving that effect and affect such returns. We do this through the prism of the changing ownership structures in the Scotch whisky industry in the twentieth century using an institutional theory lens. In doing so, we capture the story of three sisters who inherited a Scotch whisky business in the 1940s and transformed it into a hybrid philanthropic-commercial vehicle that remains in operation today. We present an extended theoretical model illustrating the interplay of context, motivation, and organizational structure over time on exchanges of capital in entrepreneurial philanthropy.

The Ideology, Rhetoric, and Organizational Structure of a Countermovement Publication: The Remonstrance, 1890–1920

1998 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth V. Burt
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Organizational Structure ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
Suffrage Movement ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Women's Lives ◽  
Extension Of Suffrage ◽  
Over Time

This article examines the anti-suffrage ideology, rhetoric, and structure of The Remonstrance, the publication of the Massachusetts Association Opposed to the Further Extension of Suffrage to Women. As a counter- movement publication, The Remonstrance was principally reactive, that is, driven to respond to suffrage claims and strategies. Basic themes illustrated the ideology of the anti-suffrage movement. Further, the anti-suffrage ideology was reflected in the organizational structure of both the MAOFESW and The Remonstrance. Although they changed over time, they failed to keep step with the broad social changes affecting women's lives in the early twentieth century.

On the origins of the concept of ‘latent schizophrenia’ in Russian psychiatry

2021 ◽  
pp. 0957154X2110353
Author(s):  
Birk Engmann
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
Important Concept ◽  
Eugen Bleuler ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Russian Psychiatry ◽  
Soviet Research

In the mid-twentieth century in the Soviet Union, latent schizophrenia became an important concept and a matter of research and also of punitive psychiatry. This article investigates precursor concepts in early Russian psychiatry of the nineteenth century, and examines whether – as claimed in recent literature – Russian and Soviet research on latent schizophrenia was mainly influenced by the work of Eugen Bleuler.

A Tower of Tangled Histories: The Upper Silesia Tower in Poznań and the Making of an Unromantic Poland, 1911–1955

Slavic Review ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 566-590
Author(s):  
Patryk Babiracki
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
National Identity ◽  
Cold War ◽  
World War I ◽  
Material Structure ◽  
World War ◽  
Upper Silesia ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
The City ◽  
Over Time

Engaging with regional, international, and spatial histories, this article proposes a new reading of the twentieth-century Polish past by exploring the vicissitudes of a building known as the Upper Silesia Tower. Renowned German architect Hans Poelzig designed the Tower for the 1911 Ostdeutsche Ausstellung in Posen, an ethnically Polish city under Prussian rule. After Poland regained its independence following World War I, the pavilion, standing centrally on the grounds of Poznań’s International Trade Fair, became the fair's symbol, and over time, also evolved into visual shorthand for the city itself. I argue that the Tower's significance extends beyond Posen/Poznań, however. As an embodiment of the conflicts and contradictions of Polish-German historical entanglements, the building, in its changing forms, also concretized various efforts to redefine the dominant Polish national identity away from Romantic ideals toward values such as order, industriousness, and hard work. I also suggest that eventually, as a material structure harnessed into the service of socialism, the Tower, with its complicated past, also brings into relief questions about the regional dimensions of the clashes over the meaning of modernity during the Cold War.

scholarly journals Michael Katz's Contribution to Social and Social Welfare History

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 768-771
Author(s):  
Mark J. Stern
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Social Welfare ◽  
Reagan Administration ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Poor People ◽  
Twentieth Century Literature ◽  
Welfare History ◽  
Social Welfare History ◽  
Undeserving Poor ◽  
Century Literature

Michael Katz began work on social welfare during the late 1970s with a project entitled “The Casualties of Industrialization.” That project led to a series of essays, Poverty and Policy in American History (Katz 1983), and a few years later to In the Shadow of the Poorhouse (Katz 1986). His reading in twentieth-century literature for Shadow—and the ideological and policy nostrums of the Reagan administration—allowed Katz to pivot to two books that frame contemporary welfare debates in their historical context—The Undeserving Poor in 1989 and The Price of Citizenship in 2001, as well as a set of essays Improving Poor People (Katz 1995) that he published between the two.

scholarly journals Naukowa, dydaktyczna i organizacyjna działalność Ludwika Jaxy-Bykowskiego na rzecz rozwoju poznańskiej uniwersyteckiej pedagogiki

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 311-336
Author(s):  
Konrad Nowak-Kluczyński
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Organizational Structure ◽  
Academic Freedom ◽  
Educational Psychology ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Human Science ◽  
Chronological Order ◽  
Organizational Activities

The Scientific, Educational and Organizational Activities of Ludwik Jaxa-Bykowski to Develop Poznań Academic Pedagogy The work is dedicated to Ludwik Jaxa-Bykowski – a pioneer of educational psychology and experimental pedagogy in Poland. He received professors’ recognition and was liked by Poznań University students. The work is a trial to reconstruct the scientific, educational and organizational activities of Ludwik Jaxa-Bykowski in accordance with chronological order. The topics reorganization was also taken into account, considering the change of organizational structure of Poznań academic pedagogy as well as the historical context. The work timeframes were designated by historical moments of Ludwik Jaxa-Bykowski activities and Poznań academic pedagogy, which he co-created as the head of the Department of Pedagogy and Teaching at Poznań University and the chancellor of the “Secret” University of the Western Lands in Warsaw. It is the portrait of passionate professor who fought for autonomy and academic freedom for universities by promoting the important role of human science.

scholarly journals Oaknín, Mazal. Feminism, Writing and the Media in Spain. Oxford, Peter Lang, 2019, 209 pp., ISBN 978-3-0343-1865-5

Hikma ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 367-370
Author(s):  
Maria Luisa Rodríguez Muñoz
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Essential Work ◽  
Rosa Montero ◽  
Cultural Products ◽  
Ana Maria Matute ◽  
Lucia Etxebarria ◽  
Descriptive Research ◽  
The World ◽  
The Media

In line with the sociological shift in translation and literary studies, which is experiencing increasing success nowadays, Professor Mazal Oaknín offers us an essential work to delve into the evolution of women’s writing in Spain in the twentieth century and how it is represented and constructed through the media. Unlike descriptive research focusing on cultural products, this scholar bases her research on the influence that historical context and marketing constraints have exerted on the image through which three emblematic female Spanish writers (Ana María Matute, Rosa Montero and Lucía Etxebarría) have introduced themselves to the world of letters and their readerships.

scholarly journals Contexto histórico da recuperação anestésica

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 1117
Author(s):  
Cristina Silva Sousa
Keyword(s):  
Patient Safety ◽  
Nursing Practice ◽  
Social Research ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Technical Approach ◽  
Anesthesia Recovery Period ◽  
Perioperative Nursing ◽  
History Of ◽  
Over Time

RESUMOObjetivo: descrever os aspectos históricos da recuperação anestésica evidenciados nas publicações. Método: investigação histórico-social, exploratória e descritiva, com base nas publicações e legislações pertinentes ao exercício da enfermagem no Brasil, representando, dessa forma, o contexto histórico da recuperação anestésica para o reconhecimento e valorização da enfermagem perioperatória. Resultados: nesta evolução histórica, a enfermagem da recuperação anestésica construiu um caminho permeado pelo enfoque técnico, necessidade de assistência individualizada e área crítica com busca de conhecimento científico e processos de acreditação hospitalar para segurança do paciente. No Brasil, iniciada apenas em 1980, a recuperação anestésica dos anos 2000 tem sido baseada na assistência sistematizada, permeada por ações de segurança do paciente em busca de melhor capacitação da equipe. Conclusão: há um movimento da enfermagem brasileira na assistência da recuperação anestésica e aprimoramento destas ações com o decorrer do tempo. Descritores: Enfermagem em Pós-Anestésico; Período de Recuperação da Anestesia; História da Enfermagem; Enfermagem Perioperatória.ABSTRACT Objective: to describe the historical aspects of anesthesia recovery evidenced in the publications. Method: this is an exploratory and descriptive historical-social research, based on the publications and legislation about nursing practice in Brazil, representing the historical context of the anesthetic recovery for the recognition and valuation of perioperative nursing. Results: In this historical evolution, the nursing of the anesthetic recovery built a path permeated by the technical approach, need for individualized assistance and critical area, with a search of scientific knowledge and hospital accreditation processes for patient safety. In Brazil, initiated only in 1980, the anesthetic recovery of the 2000s has been based on systematized assistance, permeated by patient safety actions in search of better team training. Conclusion: there is a movement of the Brazilian nursing with the assistance of the anesthetic recovery and improvement of these actions over time. Descriptors: Post-Anesthesia Nursing, Anesthesia Recovery Period, History of Nursing, Perioperative Nursing.RESUMEN Objetivo: describir los aspectos históricos de la recuperación anestésica evidenciados en las publicaciones. Método: investigación histórico-social, exploratoria y descriptiva, con base en las publicaciones y legislaciones pertinentes al ejercicio de la enfermería en Brasil, representando de esa forma el contexto histórico de la recuperación anestésica para el reconocimiento y valorización de enfermería peri-operatoria. Resultados: en esta evolución histórica, la enfermería de la recuperación anestésica construye un camino lleno de un enfoque técnico, necesidad de asistencia individualizada y área crítica, con busca de conocimiento científico y procesos de acreditación hospitalaria para seguridad del paciente. En Brasil, iniciada apenas en 1980, la recuperación anestésica de los años 2000 ha sido basada en la asistencia sistematizada, permeada por acciones de seguridad del paciente en busca de mejor capacitación del equipo. Conclusión: hay un movimiento de la enfermería brasilera en la asistencia de la recuperación anestésica, y mejoramiento de estas acciones con el curso del tiempo. Descriptores: Enfermería Pos anestésica, Periodo de Recuperación de la Anestesia, Historia de la Enfermería, Enfermería Peroperatoria.

THE TEMPEST AND THE BRITISH IMPERIUM IN 1611

1998 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 375-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
TRISTAN MARSHALL
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Literary Criticism ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Early Modern Period ◽  
Historical Reconstruction ◽  
The Tempest ◽  
Modern Period ◽  
Proper Context

Recent moves by New Historicists to evaluate theatrical material from the early modern period have been at the expense of what historians would recognize as acceptable use of historical context. One of the most glaring examples of the dangers of taking a play out of such a proper context has been The Tempest. The play has had a great deal of literary criticism devoted to it, attempting to fit it into comfortable twentieth-century clothing in regard to its commentary on empire, at the expense of what the play's depiction of imperialism meant for the year 1611 when it was written. The purpose of this paper will therefore be to suggest that the play does not actually call into question the Jacobean process of colonization across the Atlantic at all, and suggests that of more importance for its audience would have been the depiction of the hegemony of the island nation of Great Britain as recreated in 1603. Such a historical reconstruction is helped through contrasting Shakespeare's play with the Jonson, Chapman, and Marston collaboration, Eastward Ho, as well as with the anonymous Masque of Flowers and Chapman's Memorable Masque. These works will be used to illustrate just what colonialism might mean for the Jacobean audience when the Virginia project was invoked and suggest that an American tale The Tempest is not.

scholarly journals The Twilight of the Polls? A Review of Trends in Polling Accuracy and the Causes of Polling Misses

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 757-790 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Prosser ◽  
Jonathan Mellon
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Conventional Wisdom ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
High Profile ◽  
New Approaches ◽  
The Us ◽  
Vote Intention ◽  
Representative Samples ◽  
Over Time

Polls have had a number of high-profile misses in recent elections. We review the current polling environment, the performance of polls in a historical context, the mechanisms of polling error, and the causes of several recent misses in Britain and the US. Contrary to conventional wisdom, polling errors have been constant over time, although the level of error has always been substantially beyond that implied by stated margins of error. Generally, there is little evidence that voters lying about their vote intention (so-called ‘shy’ voters) is a substantial cause of polling error. Instead, polling errors have most commonly resulted from problems with representative samples and weighting, undecided voters breaking in one direction, and to a lesser extent late swings and turnout models. We conclude with a discussion of future directions for polling both in terms of fixing the problems identified and new approaches to understanding public opinion.

Collecting Chinese Objects in Slovenia at the Turn of the Twentieth Century

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-180
Author(s):  
Nataša Vampelj Suhadolnik
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
The Status ◽  
History Of ◽  
Specific Position ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Cultural Connections ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract This article addresses the practices of collecting Chinese objects that were brought to the territory of present-day Slovenia by sailors, missionaries, travellers, and others who travelled to China in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. At the time, this territory was a part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire; we will, therefore, begin with the brief historical context of the Empire and its contact with China, followed by a discussion on the nature of collecting Chinese objects in Slovenian territories at that time. We will further examine the status of the individuals who travelled to China and the nature and extent of the objects they brought back. The article will also highlight the specific position of the Slovenian territory within the history of Euro-Asian cultural connections, and address the relevant issues—locally and globally—of the relationship between the centres and peripheries with regard to collecting practices.

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