scholarly journals STUCK AT A CROSSROADS? SUBSTANTIVE LEGITIMATE EXPECTATIONS IN ENGLISH LAW

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-29
Author(s):  
Alison L. Young
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Case Law ◽  
Recent Case ◽  
Legal Certainty ◽  
Substantive Equality ◽  
Intuitive Decision Making ◽  
Legitimate Expectations ◽  
English Law

Abstract In “The Provenance and Protection of Legitimate Expectations” Forsyth argued that English law should protect substantive legitimate expectations. However, he was concerned that too great an expansion of legitimate expectations could lead to incoherence and intuitive decision-making. I argue that recent case law, and Forsyth's analysis, have clarified some of these inconsistencies. Nevertheless, the doctrine of legitimate expectations stands at a crossroads. Should it adopt a rules-based approach and narrow legitimate expectations, or a principled approach that embraces a broader conception? I argue that English law needs both for legitimate expectations effectively to balance legal certainty and substantive equality.

The European citizens’ initiative: Lost in admissibility?

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-270
Author(s):  
Natassa Athanasiadou
Keyword(s):  
European Commission ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Participatory Democracy ◽  
Case Law ◽  
Recent Case ◽  
Legal Certainty ◽  
Theoretical Underpinning ◽  
Legitimate Expectations

The present article aims to examine the admissibility requirements of the European Citizens’ Initiative in the light of primary law provisions and general principles, in particular the principles of conferral, participatory democracy, legal certainty, protection of legitimate expectations and good administration, as reflected in the recent case law of the General Court. More specifically, it is examined how these principles and the primary law features of the instrument provide a clear theoretical underpinning for determining its material scope and serve as guidance for the legislator when regulating the admissibility mechanism and for the European Commission when applying the relevant rules. The recent Commission proposal on a new Regulation on the European Citizens’ Initiative is also assessed against this backdrop.

scholarly journals The Europeanisation of Spanish Administrative Law through the Principle of Legitimate Expectations

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 55-86
Author(s):  
Luis Arroyo Jiménez ◽  
Gabriel Doménech Pascual
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
General Principle ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Case Law ◽  
Administrative Law ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
Eu Law ◽  
National Legislation ◽  
Legitimate Expectations ◽  
The Eu

This article describes the Europeanisation of Spanish administrative law as a result of the influence of the EU law general principle of legitimate expectations. It examines, firstly, whether the formal incorporation of the principle of legitimate expectations into national legislation and case law has modified the substance of the latter, and if so, secondly, whether this has led to a weaker or a more robust protection of the legal status quo. To carry out that examination, the article considers the influence of the principle of legitimate expectations in two different areas: in individual administrative decision-making, and in legislative and administrative rulemaking. Our conclusion is that the Europeanisation of Spanish administrative law through the principle of legitimate expectations has been variable and ambiguous.

scholarly journals A VINCULAÇÃO DO PRINCÍPIO PROCESSUAL DA NÃO-SURPRESA E A APLICAÇÃO DA LEI DE INTRODUÇÃO ÀS NORMAS DO DIREITO BRASILEIRO – LINDB

Percurso ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (30) ◽  
pp. 42
Author(s):  
Frabriccio Petreli TAROSSO
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
General Rule ◽  
Case Law ◽  
Public Law ◽  
Tax Law ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Legal Certainty ◽  
Federal Law ◽  
National Tax ◽  
Definition Of

RESUMOO presente artigo pretende aproximar alguns conceitos da novel Lei de Introdução às Normas do Direito Brasileiro – LINDB ao princípio da não-surpresa aplicável ao processo tributário, seja ele Administrativo ou Judicial. A Lei Federal n. 13.655 de 25/04/2018 houve por incluir no Decreto-Lei nº 4.657, de 4 de setembro de 1942 - Lei de Introdução às Normas do Direito Brasileiro - disposições sobre segurança jurídica e eficiência na criação e na aplicação do direito público. Deste modo, muitas dúvidas têm surgido acerca da convivência entre a regra geral de direito tributário, inserta no Art. 144 do Código Tributário Nacional, de que a lei vigente à época dos fatos geradores deve ser levada em conta ao deslinde de uma questão e que a jurisprudência majoritária à época dos mesmos fatos – se modificada – não deve servir de parâmetro para a tomada das decisões. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Lei de Introdução às Normas do Direito Brasileiro – LINDB; Princípio Processual da não-surpresa.ABSTRACTThe present article intends to approximate some concepts of the novel Law of Introduction to the Norms of Brazilian Law - LINDB to the principle of non-surprise applicable to the tax process, be it Administrative or Judicial. Federal Law n. 13,655 dated 04/25/2018, there was a need to include in Decree-Law No. 4.657, dated September 4, 1942 - Law on Introduction to the Rules of Brazilian Law - provisions on legal certainty and efficiency in the creation and application of public law. In this way, many doubts have arisen about the coexistence between the general rule of tax law, inserted in Article 144 of the National Tax Code, that the law in force at the time of the generating facts must be taken into account in the definition of an issue and that the majority case-law at the time of the same facts - if modified - should not serve as a parameter for decision-making. The study will have as a method the legal and bibliographical research on the subject.KEYWORDS: Law of Introduction to the Norms of Brazilian Law – LINDB; Procedural Principle of Non-Surpris

Necessity as a Defence to Murder: An Anglo-Canadian Perspective

2014 ◽  
Vol 78 (4) ◽  
pp. 341-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Birju Kotecha
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Case Law ◽  
Comparative Perspective ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Moral Conflicts ◽  
Canadian Perspective ◽  
English Law ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Theoretical Foundations

The article explores the formulation of the criminal defence of necessity in the context of murder cases. The discussion will provide a medium through which to critique necessity's theoretical foundations which are classified either as one of justification or excuse. It is this highly problematic distinction which will be exposed as not only having been overlooked in case law but is futile where necessity is considered as providing a murder defence. Such a theoretical dichotomy does not reflect the competing rights and values present in the case law, and nor does it align with the decision-making process taken by judges in cases where they resolve such moral conflicts. What is present is a contextual form of necessity that frames and recognises the circumstances the actors are placed in. The analysis argues for a recategorisation of necessity into a narrow fact-driven category beyond the abstract duality of justification or excuse. To support the view of a situation-led approach, necessity is exposed as omitting a critical doctrinal element; that of the imminence of harm within a broader recognition that the situation presents an emergency. Adopting a comparative perspective, the article analyses why the emphasis placed on the imminence of harm found in Canadian jurisprudence ought to be reflected in English law. The rationale for this is to fully reflect the agony of the circumstances that underpin the scope of necessity in murder situations and to ensure that actors in such tragic situations have their rights secured as far as possible, before allowing the defence to apply. One of the final implications of the article is a reconsideration of the relationship between necessity and duress of circumstances arguing that a reappraisal of their convergence is required. The article's argument leaves the juridical precept that duress is not available as a defence to murder on an insecure foundation and in need of judicial re-evaluation.

scholarly journals The Protection of Personal and Property Rights Act 1988 – Update and Reflections

2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (3/4) ◽  
pp. 439
Author(s):  
Bill Atkin
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Property Rights ◽  
Case Law ◽  
Recent Case ◽  
25Th Anniversary ◽  
The Future

This article coincides with the 25th anniversary of the passage of the Protection of Personal and Property Rights Act 1988. The Act provides mechanisms for decision-making on behalf of people who lack capacity to make decisions for themselves. It is of increasing importance as the population ages. The article looks at the origins of the legislation and its contemporary focus. Recent case law is explored and some challenges for the future outlined. While the need for the Act remains, it may be timely for a fuller review to be undertaken.

scholarly journals Vedoucí zaměstnanec a výklad zákonných ustanovení contra Verba Legis

AUC IURIDICA ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 49-55
Author(s):  
Vojtěch Hanzal ◽  
Jakub Tomšej
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Case Law ◽  
Judicial System ◽  
Recent Case ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
The Third ◽  
Fourth Part ◽  
Legal Term ◽  
The Way

The article deals with the way legislation defines the term “senior employee” and how the interpretation is influenced by recent case law of the Constitutional Court. The first part of the article focuses on an analysis of the legal term “senior employee” in accordance with the present legislation as well as relevant judicature and doctrine. The second part of the article is based on a description of the way the Constitutional Court deviated from the interpretation of mentioned term and its aspects which were until then, considered defining. The article continues in the third section with the presentation of other examples of decision making contra verba legis throughout the judicial system of Czech Republic. The aforementioned sections are followed by the fourth part, which consists of a conclusion of the previous content and brings deliberations de lege ferenda.

scholarly journals El principio de confianza legítima en el derecho a la vivienda: una asignatura pendiente de la doctrina constitucional

2018 ◽  
pp. 333-376
Author(s):  
María Begoña CRESPO HIDALGO
Keyword(s):  
Rental Housing ◽  
Case Law ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
Legal Certainty ◽  
Social Significance ◽  
Social State ◽  
The Social ◽  
Legitimate Expectations ◽  
The Right ◽  
Rental Housing Market

LABURPENA: Etxebizitzak alokatzeko merkatua malgutzeko eta sustatzeko neurriei buruzko ekainaren 4ko 4/2013 Legearen bigarren xedapen gehigarriari buruz, urriaren 22ko 216/2015 KAE, maiatzaren 10eko 51/2018 KAE, eta maiatzaren 24ko 56/2018 KAE eman dira. Lehenengoa a) apartatuari buruzkoa da, zeinaren bitartez zehazten den ez direla berritu behar Etxebizitzako estatu mailako planetan emandako laguntzak eta diru-laguntzak, eta beste biak, b) apartatuari buruzkoak, zeinaren bitartez bi baldintza ezartzen diren babestutako etxebizitza bat eskuratzeko sarrerarako estatuko zuzeneko laguntzak jasotzeko eskubidea izateko. Epai horiek kontuan hartuta, lan honetan konfiantza legitimoaren printzipioaren urraketak duen garrantzi soziala aztertu da, etxebizitza duin eta egoki bat izateko eskubidean proiektatzen denean hain zuzen. Erabaki konstituzionalak, jurisprudentzialak eta doktrinalak aztertu dira estatu sozial batean konfiantza legitimoa bermatzeko segurtasun juridikoari eta legegileek duten mugei dagokionez, baita arauen aurreikusgarritasunari eta aurretik doktrina jurisdikzionala ez egotearen ondoriozko segurtasun juridiko ezari dagokionez. RESUMEN: A raíz de las SSTC 216/2015, de 22 de octubre, 51/2018, de 10 de mayo y 56/2018, de 24 de mayo, sobre la disposición adicional segunda de la Ley 4/2013, de 4 de junio, de Medidas de Flexibilización y Fomento del Mercado del Alquiler de Viviendas, la primera de ellas respecto al apartado a) que determina no renovar las ayudas y subvenciones concedidas en el marco de los Planes Estatales de Vivienda, y las otras dos, sobre el apartado b) que establece dos requisitos para obtener el derecho al abono de las ayudas estatales directas a la entrada para la adquisición de una vivienda protegida, en este trabajo se analiza la transcendencia social de la vulneración del principio de confianza legítima cuando se proyecta sobre un derecho como es el derecho a una vivienda digna y adecuada. Se estudian una serie de pronunciamientos constitucionales, jurisprudenciales y doctrinales en relación con la seguridad jurídica y los límites del legislador para garantizar la confianza legítima en un estado social, así como la previsibilidad de las normas y la inseguridad jurídica derivada de la no existencia de una doctrina jurisdiccional al respecto. ABSTRACT: As a result of judgments 216/2015 of October 22, 51/2018 of May 10 and 56/2018 of May 24 on the second additional provision to Act 4/2013 of June 4 on measures aimed at the flexibilization and promotion of the rental housing market, the first one regarding section a) that determines not to renew aids and subsidies awarded in the framework of the National Government Housing plans and the others regarding section b) that establishes two requirements in order to gain the right to be awarded with state direct aids for the deposit to buy a government-sponsored housing, we analyze the social significance of the infringement of the principle of legitimate expectations when a right such as the right to a decent and appropriate home is impaired. Some series of constitutional, court and doctrine declarations are studied in connection with legal certainty and the limits of the legislator to guarantee legitimate expectations in a Social state, together with the predictability of the rules and the legal insecurity that derivesfrom the lack of a case law doctrine in respect thereof.

scholarly journals Judicial Responses to Violations of the Emotional, Physical, Psychological and Sexual Integrity of the Child

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 373-409
Author(s):  
Hamish Ross
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Civil Law ◽  
Case Law ◽  
Child Victims ◽  
Judicial Decision ◽  
Judicial Decision Making ◽  
Relevant Case ◽  
English Law ◽  
Judicial Attitudes ◽  
Key Aspects

This article examines the use of limitation laws in the context of civil law claims under English law and Scots law brought by adult claimants in relation to allegations of historical abuse in childhood. Using case law as a barometer of judicial attitudes towards such claimants and, by extension, towards the child victims of abuse themselves, differences in judicial approach between the two jurisdictions are critically assessed, entailing some weighing and evaluation of the argumentative coherence and persuasive force of the judicial decision-making in question. Key aspects of the discussion are framed in terms of recurrent issues that have arisen in relevant case law. The overall aim is to inform a wider debate about the success or failure of civil law mechanisms of redress in rendering justice to those whose right to emotional, physical, psychological or sexual integrity has been violated in childhood.

scholarly journals Le contrôle judiciaire comme technique de participation des citoyens aux choix énergétiques

2005 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 977-1000
Author(s):  
Denis Lemieux
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Judicial Review ◽  
Case Law ◽  
Recent Case ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Subsequent Stage ◽  
Political Decisions ◽  
Energy Exploitation

The purpose of this paper is to show how judicial review has been used in the last ten years as a participatory technique by citizens and groups in the decision making process of administrative and political decisions dealing with energy exploitation and use. In a first part, the author makes the point that judicial review is unadopted to that purpose. A second part reviews the recent case law. That review brings the author to the conclusion that the judicial forum was, by and large, an inappropriate one as far as participation was the avowed goal of plaintiffs and petitioners. But, in the last part of the paper, the author affirms that despite all these short-comings, the use of judicial review was often positive not as a technique of participation but as one which did facilitate participation at a subsequent stage, due to the wide publicity and comments, judicial and extrajudicial, surrounding the proceedings.

The Development of Unfitness to Plead in English Law

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronnie Mackay
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Case Law ◽  
Recent Case ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Channel Island ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
English Law ◽  
Decisional Competence

This chapter contains an account of the law on unfitness to plead in England and Wales. As such it contains a discussion of problems that have arisen in the application of the fitness-to-plead rules through an analysis of recent case law. It also includes an analysis of the author’s empirical research on the doctrine, together with a discussion of how a new test for unfitness to plead was introduced as a result of litigation in the Channel Island of Jersey, the first and so far, only British jurisdiction to incorporate decisional competence into a test for unfitness to plead. (The island of Jersey is not part of the United Kingdom, but part of Great Britain, being a Crown dependency of the United Kingdom.)

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