The Conjunct Order in Algonquian

1996 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 201-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Campana
Keyword(s):  
Word Order ◽  
Order Effect ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Parametric Variation ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Language Type

AbstractThis article examines the conjunct order found in Algonquian languages and attempts to characterize the difference between the conjunct and the independent orders in formal terms. Most of the examples are drawn from Passamaquoddy-Maliseet and Montagnais. Specific morphological properties of the two orders are considered: the ability to take person prefixes, the richness of agreement features, and the phonological conditioning of stem-initial vowels. A weak word order effect is observed in Montagnais, and the overall distribution of the two verb paradigms is examined. All of these facts are related to the hypothesis that verbs bearing conjunct morphology move to Comp, while independent verbs remain in Infl. This operation is motivated by the dependence of a conjunct clause on a higher verb or noun, as in subordination or relativization. In some cases, the dependency may derive from the adjunct status of the conjunct clause itself. The overall picture is one of a configurational language type, with superficial differences reducible to parametric variation.

The partitive construction in Mandarin Chinese

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Jin
Keyword(s):  
Mandarin Chinese ◽  
Word Order ◽  
Small Clause ◽  
Parametric Variation ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Syntactic Properties ◽  
Syntactic Derivation

This paper investigates the semantic and syntactic properties of [N(oun)+de+Q(uantifier)] in Mandarin Chinese. Based on a comparison with the quantitive construction [Q+N], the paper advocates that [N+de+Q] is the Chinese partitive construction. Adopting a clausal approach to the syntactic derivation of partitives, it is hypothesized that Chinese partitives are formed via applying Predicate Inversion to a small clause that features a BELONG-type possession relationship. The difference between Chinese partitives and English-type partitives in terms of the surface word order is a result of a parametric variation with respect to whether the remnant of Predication Inversion undergoes further raising or not.

Anatomy of a Natural Sunlight Driven CdS/CoTiO3/ZnO Ternary Photocatalyst for Efficient Optical Properties and Removal of Reactive Orange 30

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (8) ◽  
pp. 100-109
Author(s):  
G. Divya ◽  
D. Sakthi ◽  
A. Priyadharsan ◽  
S. Boobas ◽  
S. Sivakumar
Keyword(s):  
Electron Transfer ◽  
Photocatalytic Activity ◽  
Potential Gradient ◽  
Spatial Separation ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Photoexcited Electron ◽  
Visible Absorption ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Reactive Orange

ZnO as a promising photocatalyst has gained much attention for the removal of organic pollutants from water. However, the main drawbacks of the relatively low photocatalytic activity and high recombination rate of photoexcited electron-hole pairs restrict its potential applications. Promoting the spatial separation of photoexcited charge carriers is of paramount significance for photocatalysis because the difference in the band positions makes the potential gradient at the composite boundary. In this work, binary CdS/ZnO and CoTiO3/ZnO are first prepared by dispersion method and then decorated with ZnO particles to construct CdS/CoTiO3/ZnO ternary composites. For this reason, the CdS/CoTiO3/ZnO ternary composites was effectively designed and analyzed for the crystalline structure, light absorption, photoexcitation behavior and surface morphological properties by X-ray diffraction, diffuse reflectance UV/visible absorption spectroscopy, photoluminescence spectroscopy and scanning electron micrograph respectively. The photocatalytic activity was examined by degradation of the dye solution spectrophotometrically. The results of photocatalytic degradation indicated that the CdS/CoTiO3/ZnO ternary composites are much higher than those of bare CdS, CoTiO3, ZnO and any binary composites such as CoTiO3/ZnO and ZnO/CdS. The enhanced activity could be attributed to the drop electron transfer from CdS to ZnO to CoTiO3 through the interfacial potential gradient in the ternary hybrid conduction bands. The enhanced electron transfer of CdS/CoTiO3/ZnO ternary composites was also applicable to degrade other reactive dyes.

Morphology and Properties of Polyoxymethylene/Polypropylene/Microcrystalline Cellulose Composites

2017 ◽  
Vol 751 ◽  
pp. 264-269
Author(s):  
Nipawan Yasumlee ◽  
Sirirat Wacharawichanant
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Microcrystalline Cellulose ◽  
Decomposition Temperature ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Melt Mixing ◽  
Cellulose Composites ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Pp Blends ◽  
Internal Mixer

The effects of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) on mechanical, thermal and morphological properties of polyoxymethylene (POM)/polypropylene (PP) blends at different compositions were investigated. The blends and composites were prepared by melt mixing using an internal mixer at 200°C. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis revealed phase separation between POM and PP phases due to the difference in polarity of POM and PP. When adding the MCC in the blends the morphology slightly changed due to the weak interaction between MCC and polymer phases. Incorporation of MCC at 5 phr could improve Young’s modulus of POM/PP blends. The storage modulus of the blends was improved after adding MCC 5 phr due to reinforcing effect of the MCC. The thermal properties found that the addition of MCC had no effect on the melting temperature of the blends. The blends exhibited higher decomposition temperature than pure POM. The blends showed the decomposition temperatures increased when increasing amount of PP content, which were higher than pure POM. Therefore, it may be inferred that the addition of PP could enhance the thermal stability of the POM/PP blends, but the addition of MCC did not improve the thermal stability.

Temporal Structure of Letter Groups and Span of Perception

1964 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 232-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Michon
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Structure ◽  
Serial Order ◽  
Simultaneous Presentation ◽  
Order Effect ◽  
Temporal Separation ◽  
Fixed Amount ◽  
Immediate Memory ◽  
Visual Presence ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The One

The span of perception for letter groups depends on number of letters presented, length of presentation and structure of the groups. The experiment reported varied the temporal structure of the groups, leaving the total number of letters constant. Groups of 12 letters were presented as a whole or in two or more successive “units.” The total time of presentation was 1–5 sec. In the first experiment each unit was visible until the next appeared, in the second experiment units were visible only during 1/4 sec., although intervals between successive units were kept constant. The following conclusions emerged: (a) The visual presence of units did not affect the reproduction for durations over 0.25 sec., except in the 12-letter presentations. (b) 2×6 letters gave better results than either simultaneous presentation or other divisions; temporal separation was 0.75 sec. (c) Higher order approximations to Dutch have more influence on 3 × 4, 2 × 6 and 1 × 12 letters than on 4 × 3 and 6 × 2 letters. (d) A serial order effect exists: central units are reproduced less well than first and last units. It is suggested that handling a fixed amount of information within a fixed period is limited on the one hand by confusion between simultaneous elements and on the other hand by the interaction between successive units presented too rapidly to allow for proper operation of immediate memory. The difference between span of perception and span of memory is stressed.

Preparation and Properties of Sponge Rubber Based on Natural Rubber and Cassava Starch

2014 ◽  
Vol 931-932 ◽  
pp. 68-72
Author(s):  
Komsun Temna ◽  
Nitinart Saetung ◽  
Anuwat Saetung
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Cassava Starch ◽  
Interfacial Interaction ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Cure Time ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Cure Characteristic

In this work, the sponge rubbers based on cassava starch masterbatch in latex phase with the difference technique (non-gelatinized and gelatinized cassava starch) were preformed. The cassava starch contents from 0 to 70 phr were also studied. The cure characteristic, mechanical and morphological properties were investigated. It was found that the scorch time and cure time were increased with an increasing of cassava starch contents in both techniques. The mechanical properties i.e., tensile strength, elongation at break and tear strength were decreased with an increasing of cassava starch contents, except 500% modulus. However, the sponge based on gelatinized technique gave the better mechanical properties than that of non-gelatinized cassava starch. The SEM micrographs of sponge NR from gelatinized technique were also able to confirm a good interfacial interaction between hydrophilic cassava starch and hydrophobic NR.

scholarly journals Belief Adjustment Model Test in Investment Decision Making: Experimentation of short information Series

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Aulida Kholifatun Nisa
Keyword(s):  
Portfolio Management ◽  
Investment Decision ◽  
Order Effect ◽  
Recency Effect ◽  
Bad News ◽  
Good News ◽  
Adjustment Model ◽  
Investment Decision Making ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Belief Adjustment

The aims of this study are examine the difference judgement given by investor using belief adjustment model to consider the pattern of presentation, the order of information and the tpye of information. This study using experimental design 2x2x2 mixed design, include: the pattern of presentation (Step by Step and End of Sequence), the order of information good news followed by bad news (++--) and bad news followed by good news (--++), and  the type of information (accounting and non accounting). The hypothesis in this study were tested  with Independence Sample T-test and Mann Whitney U. The participants were students STIE Perbanas Surabaya bachelor degree majoring in Accounting and Management who have knowlegde related to investment management and capital market or investment portfolio management and financial statements analysis. The result of this study showed that occurs recency effect while the pattern of information of Step by Step (SbS) and the type of information accounting and non accounting. This also occurs while the pattern of presentation of End of Sequence (EoS) and the type of acounting information occurs recency effect, wheares there was no order effect on the type of non accounting information.

Morphology in Austronesian Languages

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theodore Levin ◽  
Maria Polinsky
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Verbal Morphology ◽  
Verbal System ◽  
Austronesian Languages ◽  
Lexical Categories ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Case Markers ◽  
Nominal Morphology

This is an overview of the major morphological properties of Austronesian languages. We present and analyze data that may bear on the commonly discussed lexical-category neutrality of Austronesian and suggest that Austronesian languages do differentiate between core lexical categories. We address the difference between roots and stems showing that Austronesian roots are more abstract than roots traditionally discussed in morphology. Austronesian derivation and inflexion rely on suffixation and prefixation; some infixation is also attested. Austronesian languages make extensive use of reduplication. In the verbal system, main morphological exponents mark voice distinctions as well as causatives and applicatives. In the nominal domain, the main morphological exponents include case markers, classifiers, and possession markers. Overall, verbal morphology is richer in Austronesian languages than nominal morphology. We also present a short overview of empirically and theoretically challenging issues in Austronesian morphology: the status of infixes and circumfixes, the difference between affixes and clitics, and the morphosyntactic characterization of voice morphology.

scholarly journals Morphology of the spectral resonance structure of the electromagnetic background noise in the range of 0.1–4 Hz at <i>L</I> = 5.2

2003 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 779-786 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. G. Yahnin ◽  
N. V. Semenova ◽  
A. A. Ostapenko ◽  
J. Kangas ◽  
J. Manninen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activity Cycle ◽  
Solar Activity Cycle ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Occurrence Rate ◽  
Resonance Structure ◽  
Electromagnetic Noise ◽  
Radio Science ◽  
Frequency Scale ◽  
Ionosphere Model ◽  
The Difference

Abstract. Continuous observations of fluctuations of the geomagnetic field at Sodankylä Geophysical Observatory (L = 5.2) were used for a comprehensive morphological study of the spectral resonance structure (SRS) seen in the background electromagnetic noise in the frequency range of 0.1–4.0 Hz. It is shown that the occurrence rate of SRS is higher in the nighttime than in the daytime. The occurrence rate is higher in winter than in summer. The SRS frequencies and the difference between neighbouring eigenfrequencies (the frequency scale) increase towards nighttime and decrease towards daytime. Both frequency scale and occurrence rate exhibit a clear tendency to decrease from minimum to maximum of the solar activity cycle. It is found that the occurrence rate of SRS decreases when geomagnetic activity increases. The SRS is believed to be a consequence of a resonator for Alfvén waves, which is suggested to exist in the upper ionosphere. According to the theory of the ionospheric Alfvén resonator (IAR), characteristics of SRS crucially depend on electron density in the F-layer maximum, as well as on the altitudinal scale of the density decay above the maximum.We compared the SRS morphological properties with predictions of the IAR theory. The ionospheric parameters needed for calculation were obtained from the ionosphere model (IRI-95), as well as from measurements made with the ionosonde in Sodankylä. We conclude that, indeed, the main morphological properties of SRS are explained on the basis of the IAR theory. The measured parameters of SRS can be used for improving the ionospheric models.Key words. Ionosphere (auroral ionosphere; wave propagation) – Radio Science (electromagnetic noise and interference)

scholarly journals Word Order in Complex Verb Phrases in Heritage Polish Spoken in Germany

Languages ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 70
Author(s):  
Bernhard Brehmer ◽  
Aldona Sopata
Keyword(s):  
Word Order ◽  
Information Structure ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Internal Factors ◽  
Oral Production ◽  
Verb Phrases ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Acceptability Judgments

This paper deals with word order in complex verb phrases consisting of auxiliaries and infinitive complements in heritage Polish. In Polish, infinitive complements normally follow auxiliaries, but discontinuous structures occur if required by the information structure. We investigate the occurrence and evaluation of adjacent and discontinuous word order patterns in relation to (a) the chronological age at testing and (b) the age of onset of the acquisition of the majority language, German. Therefore, we distinguish between simultaneous bilinguals (2L1, n = 61), early sequential bilinguals (cL2, n = 41) and an age-matched monolingual control group (ML, n = 50). The data consist of elicited oral narratives as well as acceptability judgments. We found that both 2L1 and cL2 bilinguals differ from the ML, but the difference depends on the age at testing and the type of data (oral production or evaluation). While 2L1 bilinguals show a u-curve development, which is shaped by the interplay of delayed acquisition in childhood and attrition in early adulthood, cL2 bilinguals started to prefer discontinuous structures rather early. Only in adulthood do both groups converge and exhibit an overuse and over-acceptance of discontinuous structures compared to the ML, which is due to cross-linguistic influence from German. However, language-internal factors (such as clause structure) also turned out to impact the distribution of adjacent and discontinuous structures in heritage (and monolingual) Polish.

scholarly journals The Relationship between the Morphology and Elasticity of Natural Rubber Foam Based on the Concentration of the Chemical Blowing Agent

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1091
Author(s):  
Supitta Suethao ◽  
Saree Phongphanphanee ◽  
Jirasak Wong-ekkabut ◽  
Wirasak Smitthipong
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Morphological Structure ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Heterogeneous Structure ◽  
Compression Force ◽  
Soft Or ◽  
Blowing Agent ◽  
Chemical Agents ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Relationship

Concentrated natural latex was used to produce a rubber foam that is porous, elastic and well ventilated. The mechanical properties can be either soft or firm, depending on the formulation of the latex used. Briefly, concentrated natural latex was mixed with chemical agents to make the rubber foam on a laboratory scale using the Dunlop process. In this work, we changed the concentration of the chemical blowing agent in the latex. The morphological properties of the rubber foam were characterised using scanning electron microscopy, and the mechanical properties, or elasticity, were studied using compression experiments and the Mooney–Rivlin calculation. The results show that the concentration of the chemical blowing agent affects the morphological properties of the rubber foam but not the mechanical properties, indicating the heterogeneous structure of the rubber foam. The thermodynamic parameters (∆G and ∆S) and the internal energy force per compression force (Fu/F) of the rubber foam with various amounts of chemical blowing agent were also investigated. This study could be applied in the foam industry, particularly for pillow, mattress and insulation materials, as the present work shows the possible novel control of the morphological structure of the rubber foam without changing its mechanical properties. The difference in cell sizes could affect the airflow in rubber foam.

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