The Impact of Communications Developments on British Columbia Electoral Patterns, 1903–1975

1980 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 509-535
Author(s):  
R. Jeremy Wilson
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Nous Sommes ◽  
Distribution Spatiale ◽  
Nous Pensons ◽  
The Impact

Nous étudions les changements des comportements électoraux en Colombie Britannique au vingtième siècle et nous les rattachons au développement des communications. Nous mettons l'accent sur les variations procentuelles des votes d'un parti d'une élection à l'autre et sur les résultats au niveau de la circonscription et à l'intérieur des circonscriptions en ce qui a trait aux élections provinciales. Nous constatons principalement que les changements uniformes sont beaucoup plus courants après 1952. Nous pensons que ces changements uniformes laissent entrevoir le déclin de l'action électorate locale. Une analyse par région montre qu'une légère diminution des changements uniformes après 1965 s'explique par le régionalisme. Nous nous interrogeons sur les causes de ces changements dans la deuxième partie de notre étude. Notre thèse veut que le développement des moyens de communication ait contribué au déclin de l'action électorale locale. Nous vérifions trois hypothèses reliées à notre interprétation. Nos données appuient notre thèse, mais pas totalement. Le développement du système de parties et des facteurs reliés à l'arrivée de W. A. C. Bennett et du Crédit social aident également à comprendre les résultats électoraux. Toutefois puisque les contre-propositions les plus valables complètent la nôtre, nous sommes en mesure de soutenir que le développement des communications a en grande partie engendré la provincialisation et la régionalisation de la politique électorale en Colombie Britannique. Le développement des communications a modifié le relation entre la géographie et la distribution spatiale des résultats électoraux.

scholarly journals Incidence of diabetes mellitus among people living with and without HIV in British Columbia, Canada between 2001 and 2013: a longitudinal population-based cohort study

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. e048744
Author(s):  
Andreea Bratu ◽  
Taylor McLinden ◽  
Katherine Kooij ◽  
Monica Ye ◽  
Jenny Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
British Columbia ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Trend Test ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Hiv Serostatus ◽  
The Impact

IntroductionPeople living with HIV (PLHIV) are increasingly at risk of age-related comorbidities such as diabetes mellitus (DM). While DM is associated with elevated mortality and morbidity, understanding of DM among PLHIV is limited. We assessed the incidence of DM among people living with and without HIV in British Columbia (BC), Canada, during 2001–2013.MethodsWe used longitudinal data from a population-based cohort study linking clinical data and administrative health data. We included PLHIV who were antiretroviral therapy (ART) naïve at baseline, and 1:5 age-sex-matched persons without HIV. All participants had ≥5 years of historic data pre-baseline and ≥1 year(s) of follow-up. DM was identified using the BC Ministry of Health’s definitions applied to hospitalisation, physician billing and drug dispensation datasets. Incident DM was identified using a 5-year run-in period. In addition to unadjusted incidence rates (IRs), we estimated adjusted incidence rate ratios (IRR) using Poisson regression and assessed annual trends in DM IRs per 1000 person years (PYs) between 2001 and 2013.ResultsA total of 129 PLHIV and 636 individuals without HIV developed DM over 17 529 PYs and 88,672 PYs, respectively. The unadjusted IRs of DM per 1000 PYs were 7.4 (95% CI 6.2 to 8.8) among PLHIV and 7.2 (95% CI 6.6 to 7.8) for individuals without HIV. After adjustment for confounding, HIV serostatus was not associated with DM incidence (adjusted IRR: 1.03, 95% CI 0.83 to 1.27). DM incidence did not increase over time among PLHIV (Kendall trend test: p=0.9369), but it increased among persons without HIV between 2001 and 2013 (p=0.0136).ConclusionsAfter adjustment, HIV serostatus was not associated with incidence of DM, between 2001 and 2013. Future studies should investigate the impact of ART on mitigating the potential risk of DM among PLHIV.

scholarly journals Forest Road Status Assessment Using Airborne Laser Scanning

2019 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 501-508 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katalin Waga ◽  
Piotr Tompalski ◽  
Nicholas C Coops ◽  
Joanne C White ◽  
Michael A Wulder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Airborne Laser Scanning ◽  
Height Distribution ◽  
Forest Roads ◽  
The Road ◽  
Airborne Laser ◽  
Independent Field ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Forest roads allow access for silvicultural operations, harvesting, recreational activities, wildlife management, and fire suppression. In British Columbia, Canada, roads that are no longer required must be deactivated (temporarily, semipermanently, or permanently) in order to minimize the impact on the overall forested ecosystem. However, the remoteness and size of the road network present challenges for monitoring. Our aim was to examine the utility of airborne laser scanning data to assess the status and quality of forest roads across 52,000 hectares of coastal forest in British Columbia. Within the forest estate, roads can be active or deactivated, or have an unknown status. We classified road segments based on the vegetation growth on the road surface, and edges, by classifying the height distribution of airborne laser scanning returns within each road segment into four groups: no vegetation, minor vegetation, dense understory vegetation, and dense overstory vegetation. Validation indicated that 73 percent of roads were classified correctly when compared to independent field observations. The majority were classified as active roads with no vegetation or deactivated with dense vegetation. The approach presented herein can aid forest managers in verifying the status of the roads in their management area, especially in remote areas where field assessments are costly and time-consuming.

Using polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons to determine post-wildfire contamination and sediment sources in a large watershed in central British Columbia, Canada

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristen Kieta ◽  
Philip Owens ◽  
Ellen Petticrew
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Magnetic Susceptibility ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Sediment Samples ◽  
Burned Areas ◽  
Total Pahs ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
The Impact

<p>The Nechako River Basin (NRB) in central British Columbia is a large (52,000 km<sup>2</sup>), regulated basin that supports populations of sockeye and chinook salmon and the endangered Nechako white sturgeon. These important species are experiencing population declines and one potential cause of this decline is excess sediment, which can clog their spawning habitat and reduce juvenile success. This excess sediment is likely the product of a combination of factors, the most visible being the significant land cover changes that have occurred in the basin, which includes pressure from forestry and agriculture, the Mountain Pine Beetle epidemic, and large-scale wildfires in 2018. Focusing specifically on the impact of the 2018 wildfires on sediment transport from upland burned areas to adjacent waterways, this research aimed to determine the spatial and temporal contamination of tributaries and the mainstem of the Nechako River with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), which are produced during the combustion of organic matter and have been identified as toxic to aquatic organisms and to humans. Additionally, this study intended to determine if burned areas were a more significant contributor of sediment than unburned areas and better understand the utility of PAHs as a potential tracer. Source soil samples were collected in 2018 and 2020 from burned and unburned sites, and suspended sediment samples were collected throughout the ice-free period from 2018-2020 in three tributaries and three mainstem sites. All samples were analysed for PAHs, magnetic susceptibility, colour, and particle size. Results from the fall 2018 source samples show a significant difference in PAH concentrations between unburned and burned soils, and while concentrations of PAHs in source soils in 2020 were lower than in 2018, they were still elevated compared to unburned soils. Sediment samples showed that concentrations of total PAHs are higher in the mainstem sites than in the tributaries, with the greatest concentrations consistently found at the most downstream site on the mainstem of the Nechako River. Concentrations across sites were highest in samples taken during the spring snowmelt period in 2019, have decreased throughout the rest of the sampling period (2019-2020), and are well below sediment quality guidelines for total PAHs. In addition to determining the spatial and temporal extent of PAH contamination, this study also aims to use PAHs along with colour and measurements of magnetic susceptibility to trace sediments associated with the 2018 wildfires. The high cost of PAH analysis limits the number of samples that can be analysed and thus, these additional tracers will allow for the use of models such as MixSIAR that improve with a more robust number of samples. As large-scale megafires continue to burn across the globe, understanding their potential to contribute PAHs to local waterbodies and potentially be used as a tracer is as prescient as ever.</p>

Assessing the impact of health and clinical research in British Columbia health authorities

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 280-287
Author(s):  
Dawn Waterhouse ◽  
Susan Chunick ◽  
Julia Lauzon ◽  
Lupin Battersby ◽  
Terri Fleming ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Drug Effects ◽  
Research Impact ◽  
Research Capacity ◽  
Healthcare Research ◽  
Healthcare Organizations ◽  
Health Authorities ◽  
Academic Faculty ◽  
Health Studies ◽  
The Impact

This article describes results of a healthcare research impact survey conducted in two health authorities in British Columbia. A tailored research impact framework formed the basis for the survey created and used to collect quantitative and qualitative data from a sample of employees and academic faculty who had completed research in both health authorities. In all, 178 responses were collected for a combined response rate of 34%. Although there are differences between the two health authorities, the data confirm that the majority of respondents were successful in disseminating their research; 30% of both Island and Fraser Health studies reported improved safety, whether through avoidance of adverse drug effects, or reduced nosocomial infections, and as high as 26% of studies reported a reduction in morbidity or mortality. We conclude with recommendations that build on existing research capacity infrastructure to enhance the generation, implementation, and evaluation of research evidence within healthcare organizations.

scholarly journals The impact of public coverage of newer hepatitis C medications on utilization, adherence, and costs in British Columbia

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. e0247843
Author(s):  
Harriet Ho ◽  
Naveed Z. Janjua ◽  
Kimberlyn M. McGrail ◽  
Mark Harrison ◽  
Michael R. Law ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Private Insurance ◽  
Insurance Coverage ◽  
Drug Coverage ◽  
Administrative Claims ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Treatment Uptake ◽  
Private Expenditure ◽  
The Impact

Background Sofosbuvir and ledipasvir-sofosbuvir are both newer direct-acting antiviral agents for the treatment of hepatitis C. The high list prices for both drugs have led to concern about the budget impact for public drug coverage programs. Therefore, we studied the impact of public prescription drug coverage for both drugs on utilization, adherence, and public and private expenditure in British Columbia, Canada. Methods We used provincial administrative claims data from January 2014 to June 2017 for all individuals historically tested for either hepatitis C and/or human immunodeficiency virus. Using interrupted time series analysis, we examined the impact of public insurance coverage on treatment uptake, adherence (proportion of days covered), and public and private expenditures. Results Over our study period, 4,462 treatment initiations were eligible for analysis (1,131 sofosbuvir and 3,331 ledipasvir-sofosbuvir, which include 19 patients initiated on both treatments). We found the start of public coverage for sofosbuvir and ledipasvir-sofosbuvir increased treatment uptake by 154%. Adherence rates were consistently high and did not change with public coverage. Finally, public expenditure increased after the policy change, and crowded out some private expenditure. Conclusion Public coverage for high-cost drugs for hepatitis C dramatically increased use of these drugs, but did not reduce adherence. From a health policy perspective, public payers should be prepared for increased treatment uptake following the availability of public coverage. However, they should not be concerned that populations without private insurance coverage will be less adherent and not finish their treatment course.

scholarly journals Numéro 50 - avril 2007

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent Bodart ◽  
Thierry Bréchet ◽  
Jean Hindriks ◽  
Stéphane Nassaut ◽  
Marthe Nyssens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nous Sommes ◽  
Nous Pensons ◽  
Politique Économique ◽  
Débat Public

Regards économiques a aujourd’hui 5 ans et 50 numéros ! Le comité de rédaction de la revue a décidé de fêter l’évènement en rassemblant, pour ce 50ème numéro, 5 articles dans lesquels des économistes de l’UCL livrent leur réflexion par rapport à un certain nombre d’enjeux économiques qu’ils estiment importants pour les années à venir et qui, de ce fait, attendent le prochain gouvernement fédéral. Cette initiative s’inscrit tout à fait dans le projet de Regards économiques, qui vise à impliquer davantage les économistes dans le débat public en posant leur regard sur des questions concrètes de politique économique et sociale. Les 5 articles rassemblés dans ce numéro “anniversaire” de Regards économiques constituent le fruit de cette réflexion. Le premier article, préparé par Vincent Bodart, s’intitule “Une politique budgétaire ambitieuse pour affronter le choc démographique”. Il plaide pour un renforcement significatif de la situation des finances publiques belges durant la prochaine législature. Il estime en effet qu’il est urgent, dans le but de pouvoir faire face au coût budgétaire du vieillissement, de relever le surplus primaire, lequel a fortement diminué sous le gouvernement sortant. Dans le deuxième article, Bruno Van der Linden se penche sur la “ Politique d’emploi : quelques enjeux fédéraux majeurs”. Il montre, notamment, qu’il existe des alternatives à la régionalisation des politiques d’emploi, qui combinent mieux l’objectif d’assurer les travailleurs contre le risque de chômage et la nécessité de responsabiliser les régions. La troisième article, préparé par Marie-Catherine Vermer, Stéphane Nassaut et Marthe Nyssens, s’intitule “Le titre-service, un état de la situation”. Alors que les titres-services semblent être un “succès” en termes de création d’emplois et de réduction du travail au noir, les auteurs interpellent les pouvoirs publics sur des enjeux importants comme ceux de l’évaluation du coût budgétaire net du système titre-service, de la pérennité financière et de la qualité des emplois créés. Le quatrième article, préparé par Thierry Bréchet, s’intéresse aux questions environnementales. Dans “L’environnement dans tous ses états”, l’auteur montre, d’après une analyse de différents indicateurs environnementaux, que la situation en Belgique est contrastée : alors que certains indicateurs sont au vert, d’autres sont au rouge. Jusqu’où alors poursuivre les évolutions positives et comment s’attaquer aux tendances négatives ? Enfin, dans le dernier article, qui porte sur le “Fédéralisme belge : la chimère des transferts et la fragmentation de la nation”, Jean Hindriks développe une série de raisons pour ne pas régionaliser trop vite davantage de compétences, en relativisant notamment le poids démesuré accordé aux transferts Nord-Sud dans le débat politique en Belgique. Nous sommes bien conscients que d’autres enjeux économiques que ceux abordés dans les articles qui viennent d’être présentés attendent le prochain gouvernement. Notre souci n’était pas d’être exhaustif ! Outre la difficulté de la tâche, notre ambition était plutôt d’apporter un point de vue sur des questions en lien avec nos préoccupations de recherche. Qu’il soit bien clair pour le lecteur que la démarche qui anime la réflexion des différents auteurs est de nature uniquement académique, sans prise de position partisane en faveur d’un programme politique en particulier. Nous pensons que les problématiques discutées ici devraient interpeller tous les décideurs politiques, quelle que soit leur couleur. Les points de vue présentés dans chacune des contributions n’engage toutefois que leurs auteurs.

scholarly journals Plotting Against Oil in American and Canadian Non-fiction // Conspirando contra el petróleo en la no-ficción americana y canadiense

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-188
Author(s):  
Marta Wójcik-Czerwińska
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Natural World ◽  
New Developments ◽  
American Century ◽  
Non Fiction ◽  
Critical Attention ◽  
The Impact

Abstract      Stephanie LeMenager, literature professor and author of Living Oil: Petroleum Culture in the American Century (2014), opens her study of America’s relationship with the resource by asserting that reports of its death have been exaggerated. Oil not only drive American modernity, but also inspire writers to explore it, in both fiction and non-fiction. While “petrofiction,” fiction with oil at its core, has received critical attention, certain new developments in non-fictional writing centred on petroleum call for more consideration. This article, therefore, probes representations of oil in contemporary American and Canadian non-fiction. It analyses William L. Fox’s essay “A Pipeline Runs through It” (2011), which is based on a trip along the Trans-Alaska Pipeline, and Andrew Nikiforuk’s article “Canadian Democracy: Death by Pipeline” (2012), which discusses the impact of the proposed Northern Gateway Pipeline from Alberta to British Columbia. Adopting an ecocritical perspective, the article puts to the test LeMenager’s thesis that journalists are “expert plotters against oil” and “conservationists.” To this aim, it analyses the specific means by which the two journalists expose the presence of oil, and highlight its micro and macro implications, from its impact on the landscape and the lives of people whose livelihoods and cultures have been shaped by the natural world, to that on democracy and our minds. Resumen      Stephanie LeMenager, profesora de literatura y autora de Living Oil: Petroleum Culture in the American Century (2014), abre su estudio sobre la relación de los Estados Unidos con el petróleo como recurso natural, mediante la afirmación de que los informes de su muerte han sido exagerados. El petróleo no sólo impulsa la modernidad americana sino también inspira a los escritores para explorarlo tanto en la ficción como en la no-ficción. Mientras que la “petroficción,” ficción centrada en el petróleo, ha sido objeto de atención crítica, algunos nuevos desarrollos en la escritura de no-ficción centrada en el petróleo causan mayor interés. Este artículo trata de representar al petróleo en la no-ficción contemporánea americana y canadiense. Analiza el ensayo de William L. Fox “A Pipeline Runs through It” (2011), basado en un viaje a lo largo del sistema de oleoducto Trans-Alaska, y el artículo de Andrew Nikiforuk “Canadian Democracy: Death by Pipeline” (2012), discutiendo el impacto de la propuesta del oleoducto del Norte desde Alberta hasta la Columbia Británica. Adoptando una perspectiva ecocrítica, el artículo pone a prueba las tesis de LeMenager de que los periodistas como “expertos conspiradores contra el petróleo” y “conservacionistas”. Para ello, analiza los medios específicos por los cuales los dos periodistas exponen la presencia de petróleo y destacan sus macro y micro implicaciones, desde su impacto en el paisaje y en las vidas de las personas cuyos medios de vida y culturas han sido moldeadas por el mundo natural, hasta su impacto en la democracia y en nuestras mentes.

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