scholarly journals Sapere Aude: Critical Ontology and the Case of Child Development

2004 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 863-882 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Wong

Abstract. This paper argues that Foucault's proposed positive program of practical critique in his later work, which he calls ‘critical ontology,’ provides a response to his critics. The goal of critical ontology is to “separate out, from the contingency that has made us what we are, the possibility of no longer being, doing or thinking what we are, do, or think.” However, it may be objected that, since Foucault emphasizes going beyond contingencies, it appears that he is guilty of committing a kind of genetic fallacy. I will defend Foucault against such a charge by using concepts and practices in child development as an illustration. The example of child development is fitting for political theorizing because the development model of childhood is now central to the practices and policies of healthcare providers, social workers and educators. Such practices and policies aim to enhance the abilities of individuals to be both citizens and autonomous agents. Yet the effects of these policies on individuals are not always positive. The paper concludes with a discussion of the implications of critical ontology for practices grounded in the model of child development.Résumé. Cet article cherche à démontrer que le programme positif de critique pratique que Foucault propose dans ses derniers ouvrages, et qu'il qualifie d'une “ontologie critique,” constitue une réponse à ses détracteurs. Le but de cette ontologie critique est de dégager “de la contingence qui nous a fait être ce que nous sommes la possibilité de ne plus être, faire ou penser ce que nous sommes, faisons ou pensons”. Néanmoins, il est possible d'objecter que Foucault commet une sorte d'erreur génétique, puisqu'il insiste sur la nécessité de dépasser les contingences. Je cherche à defendre Foucault contre cette accusation en utilisant les concepts et pratiques du développement des enfants comme illustration. L'exemple du développement des enfants convient à la théorie politique puisque le modèle d'aménagement de l'enfance est maintenant au coeur des pratiques et des politiques de ceux qui travaillent dans les secteurs de la santé, de l'aide social, et de l'éducation. Telles pratiques et politiques ont comme but d'accroître la capacité des individus d'agir en même temps comme citoyens et des êtres autonomes. Pourtant, les effets de ces politiques sur des individus ne sont pas toujours bénéfiques. L'article se conclut par une analyse des implications d'une ontologie critique pour des pratiques fondées sur le modèle du développement des enfants.

2010 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Forbes

As IAYT takes mindful steps toward Yoga therapy accreditation, it does so amidst a new healthcare climate in the West. Just a decade ago, most healthcare providers viewed Yoga as recreation or exercise rather than education or treatment. Now, many physicians, nurses, psychologists, social workers, and other healthcare professionals regard Yoga with open curiosity, if not respect. Some even practice Yoga themselves, or recommend group classes and private sessions to their patients and clients.


1950 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 459-468 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter B. Neubauer ◽  
Joseph Steinert ◽  
Charlotte Towle

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 59-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Glynn ◽  
Michael Dale

Parenting programmes purport to improve the parenting capacity of both mothers and fathers; however it is predominantly mothers who participate. Father participation is important because fathers have a positive impact on both child development and behaviour, and out- comes for children are enhanced when both parents participate in parenting programmes. This article draws upon a study (via an online questionnaire) that explored the views of social workers about the issues affecting fathers’ participation in parenting programmes. The results showed that participants considered the qualities of the programme leader, the programme content and the philosophy of the service delivery organisation to be the most important issues impacting on father participation. From the perspective of change, qualities of the programme leader and organisational philosophy were considered the most feasible to address. The sample comprised three times more female than male participants and there was an evident difference in viewpoint according to gender on issues including the gender of the programme leader and the gender make-up of the group. 


Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1725
Author(s):  
Hui-Chen Hsu ◽  
Hsiang-Wen Kung ◽  
Wen-Jen Chiang ◽  
Bih-O Lee ◽  
Ruey-Hsia Wang

Objective: To compare the differences between the work competencies self-reported by nurse aides’ and those perceived by nurses. Method: A cross-sectional survey was employed. The settings were units implemented a skill mix model institution in Taiwan. The instruments consisted of the participants’ demographic data and a nurse aide work competence scale. Results: The results indicated that the nurse aides had room for improvement in terms of “problem solving” and “activity design”. The nurse aides and nurses differed significantly in terms of the nurse aides’ competence in “activity design”, as the nurse aides reported themselves to be more competent in “activity design” than reported by the nurses. Conclusion: Nurse aides should be incorporated into cross-disciplinary teams. Activity design should be handled by other healthcare providers such as physical therapists or senior social workers.


Author(s):  
Young Ae Kim ◽  
Min Gee Choi ◽  
E Hwa Yun ◽  
So-Youn Jung ◽  
Ah Kyung Park ◽  
...  

This study aimed to examine the awareness and status of cancer patients and healthcare providers (physicians, nurses and social workers) regarding community linkage, in order to establish a desirable care plan model in a future research project. The survey was conducted via two methods: face-to-face for cancer patients (n = 308) and oncology physicians (n = 210), and due to COVID-19 circumstances, online for nurses (n = 200) and social workers (n = 313). As a result, more than 95% of the healthcare providers responded that cancer patients required community-linked services and discharge plans, whereas 50.7% and 79.2% of cancer patients noted the importance of community-linked services and discharge plans, respectively. Social workers, among healthcare providers, showed the most positive experience about connecting patients to community services since 69.7% of them responded as “excellent”. However, as a group, cancer patients considered the necessity of community-linked service as less important, as only 50.7% responded as agreeing it was necessary. The barriers to community linkage were the lack of communication among the different professions of healthcare providers, and the ambiguity in their roles. The findings of this study will inform future community-linked health research, policies and systems for cancer patients. In particular, an in-depth interview with cancer patients will be required to explore their lack of acknowledgment about the necessity of community-linked services. Therefore, this study is expected to contribute to the improvement and supplementation of cancer policies.


Author(s):  
Eberechukwu Onukwugha ◽  
Elijah Saunders ◽  
C. Daniel Mullins ◽  
Francoise G Pradel ◽  
Marni Zuckerman ◽  
...  

Background: Approximately one percent of inpatient discharges are against medical advice (AMA) and national data show that diseases of the circulatory system rank third in terms of discharges AMA. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) patients are at risk of the consequences of discharges AMA (e.g. hospital readmission) however the reasons for discharges AMA in a CVD population are not known. This qualitative study aimed to identify reasons for discharges AMA among patients with a CVD admission, and from patient and provider perspectives. Methods: Healthcare providers (nurses, social workers, and physicians) and CVD patients were recruited to participate in focus groups interviews (FGIs) to discuss why CVD patients admitted at three urban hospitals discharge AMA. All FGIs took place between April 2009 and July 2009 in Maryland. Patient and provider groups were held separately in order to minimize incentives to withhold information about the reasons for discharges AMA. Thematic analysis identified themes separately for the patient groups, the physician groups, and the combined nurses and social workers group, for a total of 3 groups. Results: Nine (78% male; 67% African American; mean age=56 yrs) patients, 10 physicians (80% male) and 23 nurses/social workers (9% male) were placed in scheduled FGIs. Seven FGIs were held: 2 patient-only groups, 2 physician-only groups, and 3 nurse/social worker groups. A theme identified across all 3 groups included the patients' desire to leave AMA to see their own physician/cardiologist. Another theme, identified only from the patient groups, related to patients' knowledge of their (improved) condition and a resulting confidence in their decision to leave AMA. Patients had formed expectations regarding their level of involvement in their management plan and expressed frustration when these expectations were not met. Other themes (i.e. poor communication between/among providers and patients, obligations outside the hospital, long wait time) reported across the 3 groups have been noted in previous studies and are not new. Conclusion: We find new reasons for discharges AMA among CVD patients as well as sources of potential patient disengagement from the treatment plan, not all of which were recognized by providers.


2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gwen Adshead

SummaryI review some of the evidence that parental personality disorder represents a risk to child development, in terms of both transmission of genetic vulnerability and the environmental stress of living with a parent who has a personality disorder that negatively affects their parenting capacities. I argue that there are two compelling reasons to impose a duty on mental healthcare providers to offer services for adults with personality disorders that specifically focus on their parenting identity: first, because effective therapies for personality disorder are now available; and second, because there is a strong utilitarian and economic argument for improving parental mental health so as to reduce the economic and psychological burden of their offsprings' future psychiatric morbidity.


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