Duplicative or Complementary? The Relationship between Policy Consulting and Internal Policy Analysis in Canadian Government

2014 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Howlett ◽  
Andrea Migone ◽  
Seck L. Tan
Keyword(s):  
Policy Analysis ◽  
Government Officials ◽  
Complementary Relationship ◽  
The Past ◽  
Complementary Approach ◽  
Policy Work ◽  
Internal Policy ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Work Done ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractPolicy consultants are external analysts who provide paid policy-related advice to governments on a contractual basis. Previous research on policy work has examined the work done within governments and by policy consultants separately but has not systematically compared and contrasted the two. A key question regarding the nature of policy advisory practices and policy advice systems in general, however, is whether consultants are duplicating the work of government officials in order to help “triangulate” internal advice or whether there is more of a complementary approach in which consultants supplement the work of internal analysts. This article explores the differences among the two groups using data collected over the past five years in two sets of surveys into internal and external policy work in Canada. The analysis finds a “complementary” relationship to exist, contrary to the conventional wisdom that outside or external advice is sought mainly in order to avoid biases in internal advice.

scholarly journals Adolescents Influence on Family Purchase Process in India

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 4772-4777
Keyword(s):  
Purchase Decisions ◽  
Product Categories ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Family ◽  
Purchase Process ◽  
Multiple Product ◽  
Work Done ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Structured Questionnaire ◽  
Buying Decisions

Considering the significance of Adolescents behaviour in family purchase decisions, the study initiated with the objective to unearth the adolescents influence on the buying decisions of the family. The purpose of the study is listed down into three parts: Firstly, to explore the relationship between the age of adolescents and its effect on buying decisions of family. The next objective is to catalogue and position the products on the basis of influence of Adolescents. Subsequently, the other task is to examine and establish the comparative analysis of Adolescents influence for three different goods categories (so designed) and also analysing it at various stages of Family purchase process. The research methodology is based on the study of relevant review work done in the past and an interview conducted amongst the adolescents for the data collection. Furthermore, a structured questionnaire is circulated amongst adolescents aged between 14-19 years. Data was collected from 350 adolescents. Study also exhibited that there are three product categories identified by factor analysis explicitly “Prominent” Products, “Popular” Products and “Common” Products– It was observed that Popular products gained maximum attention of adolescents, followed by Prominent Products and the least attention seeker for adolescents are Common Products. These categories are designed in context to Indian families & environment. Multivariate Analysis of Variance, i.e., MANOVA was also applied for third objective which presented the outcome that in case of Prominent and Popular Products, adolescent’s impact is greatest at the beginning stage of the purchase process and least at exploration stage. But in case of Common Products, Adolescents influence is highest at the stage of decision making and selection. This study can have enormous future relevance for the marketers by the way of providing them with broad scope of adolescents’ behavioural understanding in family in context to different product categories and at multiple buying stages of family purchase process. This could be considered as the base for formulating and executing various marketing plans. The paper bears uniqueness in terms of analysing adolescents’ behaviour in relation to multiple product catalogues and relating the segmentation across various family buying stages.

scholarly journals The Influence of Pan-Slavic Ideologies on Kosovar School Texts: Implications for Diplomatic Relations with Turkey

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Blerina Rexha
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Schools ◽  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
International Conflict ◽  
Diplomatic Relations ◽  
Government Officials ◽  
Historical Texts ◽  
The Past ◽  
Historical Literature ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Relationship

Historical works produced by Kosovars are currently at the centre of diplomatic concerns. Today Turkey is one of Kosovo’s closest allies, but Turkish scholars and government officials are particularly critical of the way the history of the Ottoman Empire is being taught in Kosovo’s schools. In this article I consider how Pan-Slavic ideologies have influenced the writing of Kosovar Albanian histories, particularly during theYugoslav socialist era. I draw on research concerning the relationship between bias in historical textbooks and international conflict. Exploring examples of historical literature currently being taught in Kosovo’s primary and secondary schools, I analyse the discourses espoused by Kosovar historians in depicting the history of the Ottoman Empire. I argue that some of the Turkish criticisms are valid and hence there is need to revise historical texts used in Kosovo’s schools. In particular, there is a need to provide more objective accounts of Kosovar Albanian history in classrooms, especially as regards anti-Ottomanism and the Pan-Slavism. The amendment of Kosovar historical texts in schools would not only provide students with a more accurate and informed interpretation of the past, but also contribute to efforts seeking to improve diplomatic relations.

The relationship between ionospheric parameters and solar proxies is changing – when?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Laštovička
Keyword(s):  
Solar Activity ◽  
The Past ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Relationship

<p>The relationship between ionospheric parameters and solar activity proxies has broadly been assumed to be stable. However, using data of foF2 from three European stations and foE from two European stations we show that this assumption is not correct. In more recent years the dependence of ionospheric parameters on solar proxies is steeper than in the past. The change is between 1994 and 1997 for foF2 and after 2000 for foE. Also the relationships among solar proxies have changed, which might indicate some solar changes perhaps responsible for the observed changes of the relationship between ionospheric parameters and solar proxies with implications to trend and climatological studies, and modeling.</p><p> </p>

Revisiting the “two communities” metaphor of research utilisation

2014 ◽  
Vol 27 (7) ◽  
pp. 614-627 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua Newman
Keyword(s):  
Work Experience ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Public Servants ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Professional Characteristics ◽  
Policy Work ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Use Of Research

Purpose – The “two communities” metaphor for the relationship between policy and academia is inconsistent with empirical evidence that shows that a sizeable minority of public servants use academic research in their policy-related work. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the two communities metaphor by comparing the personal and professional characteristics of Australian public servants who claim to use research in their policy work with the characteristics of those who claim not to use research. Design/methodology/approach – Using data from a survey of 2,084 public servants from the state and federal levels in Australia carried out from 2011 to 2013, tests of statistical significance were conducted for the relationship between some personal and professional characteristics (e.g. gender, age, work experience) and the claim that research is used in policy-related work. Findings – The “two communities” metaphor is not an accurate description of the relationship between policy and academia. In reality, public servants who claim to use academic research in their policy work are more likely to have much in common with academics, including having postgraduate degrees and work experience in the university sector. Research limitations/implications – Rather than existing as isolated solitudes, the findings in this paper suggest that the policy and academic communities possess links that can encourage the use of research in policy making. Originality/value – The findings presented in this paper are especially important for the evidence-based policy movement, which emphasises the value of the use of research evidence in the creation of public policy.

scholarly journals Contrast Media: Are There Differences in Nephrotoxicity among Contrast Media?

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Solomon
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Contrast Media ◽  
Contrast Agents ◽  
Filtration Rate ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
The Past ◽  
Iodinated Contrast ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Iodinated Contrast Agents

Iodinated contrast agents are usually classified based upon their osmolality—high, low, and isosmolar. Iodinated contrast agents are also nephrotoxic in some but not all patients resulting in loss of glomerular filtration rate. Over the past 30 years, nephrotoxicity has been linked to osmolality although the precise mechanism underlying such a link has been elusive. Improvements in our understanding of the pathogenesis of nephrotoxicity and prospective randomized clinical trials have attempted to further explore the relationship between osmolality and nephrotoxicity. In this review, the basis for our current understanding that there are little if any differences in nephrotoxic potential between low and isosmolar contrast media will be detailed using data from clinical studies.

scholarly journals Impact of Internet Use on Mental Health among Elderly Individuals: A Difference-in-Differences Study Based on 2016–2018 CFPS Data

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 101
Author(s):  
Huan Zhang ◽  
Hongyang Wang ◽  
Huiyu Yan ◽  
Xiaoyu Wang
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Internet Use ◽  
Difference In Differences ◽  
Elderly Individuals ◽  
The Past ◽  
Internet Users ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

The number of elderly Internet users has increased significantly in the past few years. However, the impact of Internet use on mental health remains unclear. In this study, we performed a difference-in-differences analysis using data from the 2016 and 2018 waves of the China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) to evaluate the impact of Internet usage on mental health among elderly individuals. A total of 5031 validated respondents were included to explore the relationship between Internet use and reduced levels of depression as well as improved life satisfaction among elderly individuals. The results showed that Internet use significantly reduced depression levels. Unexpectedly, Internet use was not found to improve life satisfaction. Moreover, discontinuing Internet use was not significantly associated with improvements in depression or life satisfaction. More research is needed to fully elucidate the relationship between Internet use and depression levels, as well as life satisfaction among elderly individuals.

scholarly journals Emergency department increased use of observation care for elderly medicare patients

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gelareh Z. Gabayan ◽  
Li-Jung Liang ◽  
Brian Doyle ◽  
David Yu-Chuang Huang ◽  
Catherine A. Sarkisian
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Estimating Equation ◽  
Generalized Estimating Equation ◽  
Inpatient Service ◽  
Medicare Beneficiaries ◽  
The Past ◽  
Medicare Patients ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Over the past decade, a growing number of older Medicare beneficiaries visit the emergency department (ED) and have been placed in observation care. We investigated and compared the prevalence and factors associated with patients age ≥ 65 years with Medicare insurance who are placed in the hospital, observation care, or discharged following an ED visit.Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study using data from a nationally representative 5% sample of Medicare patients age ≥ 65 years during the year 2013. We performed multiple generalized estimating equation (GEE) logistic regression analyses to assess the relationship between placement in a hospital vs. discharge, observation care vs. discharge, and observation care vs. admission.Results: Of 537,455 Medicare beneficiaries age ≥ 65 years who visited an ED in 2013, 48.0% (N = 258,083) were discharged, 10.5% (N = 56,184) placed in observation care, and 41.5% (N = 223,188) were admitted to the inpatient service following the ED visit. The top 2 diagnoses associated with placement in the hospital vs. discharge were ischemic heart disease and renal disease. Patients with symptomatic diagnoses such as chest pain and dizziness were more likely to be placed in observation care following an ED visit as compared to admission to the hospital.Conclusions: Compared to prior studies, we found a greater number of older Medicare ED patients placed in observation care and a lower number admitted to the hospital. Most common diagnoses of placement in observation care were symptom-based as compared to being admitted to the hospital which were disease-based.

scholarly journals Education, Self-Importance, and the Propensity for Political Participation

Perceptions ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucy Caffrey-Maffei
Keyword(s):  
Political Participation ◽  
Educational Attainment ◽  
General Social Survey ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Government Officials ◽  
Political Processes ◽  
Cross Tabulation ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Past research has largely centered on the link between education and political participation. Although an array of evidence has suggested that there is a positive—if not causal—relationship between the two, some suggest that the relationship is spurious or mediated by other factors. Using data from the General Social Survey (2004-2014), the present study intends to revisit the phenomenon while controlling for self-importance in order to resolve the previous conflicting findings. The bivariate cross-tabulation indicates that educational attainment is a significant determinant of political participation. The trivariate cross-tabulation, furthermore, uncovers that self-importance confounds the relationship between education and political participation, such that the impact of education on political participation is stronger among those who feel less important. To be sure, the higher a person’s educational attainment is, the more likely they are to participate in political processes; and, moreover, this is particularly true of those who have depressed understandings of their importance in the world. These findings suggest that those with low levels of self-importance—likely traditionally marginalized, stereotyped, or stigmatized groups—are least represented by government officials and mandates. This, in turn, creates an American governance that fails to adequately serve and represent the desires and needs of all its people. The study calls on further research to explore the impact of other related variables on the relationship between education and political participation, and to create more appropriate and comprehensive measures of political participation and self-importance.

Race politics research and the American presidency: thinking about white attitudes, identities and vote choice in the Trump era and beyond

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-42
Author(s):  
Beyza Buyuker ◽  
Amanda Jadidi D'Urso ◽  
Alexandra Filindra ◽  
Noah J. Kaplan
Keyword(s):  
Explanatory Power ◽  
Short Review ◽  
White Identity ◽  
Racial Identities ◽  
The Past ◽  
Race Politics ◽  
Racial Resentment ◽  
2016 Election ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Heeding the call of the special issue, we look at the past decade's advances in public opinion studies of our understanding of the relationship between white racial identities, attitudes, and presidential voting preferences. Following a short review of developments in the literature during the Obama years, we critically evaluated four theories explaining whites' support for Trump: racial resentment, xenophobia, sexism, and white identity. Using data from three ANES studies, we test the relative explanatory power of all four approaches in predicting a vote for Trump during the 2016 Republican primary, the 2016 election, and intent to vote for him in 2020. The results suggest that xenophobia had the most consistent effect across all models, followed by racial resentment and sexism. White identity appears to have influenced voting for Trump in the primary and it could also have an impact in the 2020 election, but its effect in the 2016 general election does not appear to have been consistent with theoretical expectations. Finally, we use these results to think critically about the state of the field and propose new questions and challenges for research.

scholarly journals Aspectos de la historia de la vegetación de México con base en macrofósiles de angiospermas

2017 ◽  
pp. 99
Author(s):  
Sergio R.S. Cevallos-Ferriz ◽  
Alicia Silva-Pineda
Keyword(s):  
Southern Hemisphere ◽  
Northern Hemisphere ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Endemic Plants ◽  
Vegetation Types ◽  
The Past ◽  
Long Time ◽  
History Of ◽  
Work Done ◽  
The Relationship

The history of Mexican vegetation is mainly known through extrapolations based on its extant flora and/or paleobotanical work done in other countries. While macrofossils corroborate that in the past, as in the present, the Mexican flora had relationships with those of other areas, its study reveals that during the Cretaceous it had affinities with the boreal floras, though, some of the d escribed plants have close phylogenetic relationships with plants now growing naturally in the southern hemisphere. During the Tertiary the relationship with the boreal floras continued, suggesting that if some taxa originated in Gondwana, at least some of their genera and species could differentiate and radiate in the northern hemisphere, as suggested by some Anacardiaceae and perhaps other Leguminosae. A legume, Lysiloma, suggest that endemic taxa that characterize the extant Mexican vegetation have a long history, since they are known from Oligocene sediments. Another plant of the same family, Reinweberia, also suggest that during the Tertiary there were endemic plants that became extinct, and underscores the fact that for a long time the Mexican vegetation have had a distinct composition. The macrofossils of angiosperms suggest that only recently, perhaps no more than 10 million years ago, the vegetation types recognized today were established, although, those of the past could be similar.

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