scholarly journals Education, Self-Importance, and the Propensity for Political Participation

Perceptions ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucy Caffrey-Maffei
Keyword(s):  
Political Participation ◽  
Educational Attainment ◽  
General Social Survey ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Government Officials ◽  
Political Processes ◽  
Cross Tabulation ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Past research has largely centered on the link between education and political participation. Although an array of evidence has suggested that there is a positive—if not causal—relationship between the two, some suggest that the relationship is spurious or mediated by other factors. Using data from the General Social Survey (2004-2014), the present study intends to revisit the phenomenon while controlling for self-importance in order to resolve the previous conflicting findings. The bivariate cross-tabulation indicates that educational attainment is a significant determinant of political participation. The trivariate cross-tabulation, furthermore, uncovers that self-importance confounds the relationship between education and political participation, such that the impact of education on political participation is stronger among those who feel less important. To be sure, the higher a person’s educational attainment is, the more likely they are to participate in political processes; and, moreover, this is particularly true of those who have depressed understandings of their importance in the world. These findings suggest that those with low levels of self-importance—likely traditionally marginalized, stereotyped, or stigmatized groups—are least represented by government officials and mandates. This, in turn, creates an American governance that fails to adequately serve and represent the desires and needs of all its people. The study calls on further research to explore the impact of other related variables on the relationship between education and political participation, and to create more appropriate and comprehensive measures of political participation and self-importance.

Accent Policy and Accent Modification Enterprises as Potential Indicators of Intercultural Power Relations: A Call for an Updated Research Agenda

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brynne D. Ovalle ◽  
Rahul Chakraborty
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Identity Construction ◽  
Social Theory ◽  
Power Relations ◽  
Linguistic Diversity ◽  
Cultural Organization ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

This article has two purposes: (a) to examine the relationship between intercultural power relations and the widespread practice of accent discrimination and (b) to underscore the ramifications of accent discrimination both for the individual and for global society as a whole. First, authors review social theory regarding language and group identity construction, and then go on to integrate more current studies linking accent bias to sociocultural variables. Authors discuss three examples of intercultural accent discrimination in order to illustrate how this link manifests itself in the broader context of international relations (i.e., how accent discrimination is generated in situations of unequal power) and, using a review of current research, assess the consequences of accent discrimination for the individual. Finally, the article highlights the impact that linguistic discrimination is having on linguistic diversity globally, partially using data from the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) and partially by offering a potential context for interpreting the emergence of practices that seek to reduce or modify speaker accents.

Social comparison orientation and mental health: The mediating role of psychological capital

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guoliang Yang ◽  
Zhihua Wang ◽  
Weijiong Wu
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Social Comparison ◽  
Psychological Capital ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Comparison Orientation ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Little is known about the relationship between social comparison orientation and mental health, especially in the psychological capital context. We proposed a theoretical model to examine the impact of ability- and opinion-based social comparison orientation on mental health using data from 304 undergraduates. We also examined the mediating effect of the four psychological capital components of hope, self-efficacy, resilience, and optimism in the relationship between social comparison orientation and mental health. Results show that an ability (vs. opinion) social comparison orientation was negatively (vs. positively) related to the psychological capital components. Further, the resilience and optimism components of psychological capital fully mediated the social comparison orientation–mental health relationship. Our findings indicate that psychological capital should be considered in the promotion of mental health, and that the two social comparison orientation types have opposite effects on psychological capital.

A Preliminary Test of the Impact of De-Globalization on MNC Performance

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 412-428
Author(s):  
Hilla Peretz ◽  
Michael J. Morley
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Context ◽  
Preliminary Test ◽  
Organizational Level ◽  
Institutional Fit ◽  
Preliminary Examination ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Key Dimensions ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

ABSTRACTWe offer a preliminary examination of whether national and organizational level contexts amplify or reduce the effects of de-globalization on the performance of MNCs. Theoretically, we borrow ideas from both event system theory and institutional fit to propose a model explicating key dimensions of the relationship between de-globalization, national and organizational context, and MNC performance. We then test our ideas using data assembled from 283 MNCs in 20 countries. We find that while de-globalization has a negative effect on MNC performance, national and organizational level contextual endowments do moderate this relationship. We discuss some implications of our findings and highlight attendant limitations.

scholarly journals Relationship between Changes over Time in Factors, Including the Impact of Meteorology on Photochemical Oxidant Concentration and Causative Atmospheric Pollutants in Kawasaki

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 446
Author(s):  
Akinori Fukunaga ◽  
Takaharu Sato ◽  
Kazuki Fujita ◽  
Daisuke Yamada ◽  
Shinya Ishida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Moving Average ◽  
Atmospheric Pollutants ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
Photochemical Oxidant ◽  
Oxidant Concentration ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City

To clarify the relationship between changes in photochemical oxidants’ (Ox) concentrations and their precursors in Kawasaki, a series of analyses were conducted using data on Ox, their precursors, nitrogen oxides (NOx) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and meteorology that had been monitored throughout the city of Kawasaki for 30 years from 1990 to 2019. The trend in air temperature was upward, wind speed was downward, and solar radiation was upward, indicating an increasing trend in meteorological factors in which Ox concentrations tend to be higher. Between 1990 and 2013, the annual average Ox increased throughout Kawasaki and remained flat after that. The three-year moving average of the daily peak increased until 2015, and after that, it exhibited a slight decline. The amount of generated Ox is another important indicator. To evaluate this, a new indicator, the daytime production of photochemical oxidant (DPOx), was proposed. DPOx is defined by daytime averaged Ox concentrations less the previous day’s nighttime averaged Ox concentrations. The trend in DPOx from April to October has been decreasing since around 2006, and it was found that this indicator reflects the impact of reducing emissions of NOx and VOCs in Kawasaki.

scholarly journals The impact of late-career job loss and genetic risk on body mass index: Evidence from variance polygenic scores

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren L. Schmitz ◽  
Julia Goodwin ◽  
Jiacheng Miao ◽  
Qiongshi Lu ◽  
Dalton Conley
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Complex Traits ◽  
Job Loss ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Polygenic Scores ◽  
Show Evidence ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Impact

AbstractUnemployment shocks from the COVID-19 pandemic have reignited concerns over the long-term effects of job loss on population health. Past research has highlighted the corrosive effects of unemployment on health and health behaviors. This study examines whether the effects of job loss on changes in body mass index (BMI) are moderated by genetic predisposition using data from the U.S. Health and Retirement Study (HRS). To improve detection of gene-by-environment (G × E) interplay, we interacted layoffs from business closures—a plausibly exogenous environmental exposure—with whole-genome polygenic scores (PGSs) that capture genetic contributions to both the population mean (mPGS) and variance (vPGS) of BMI. Results show evidence of genetic moderation using a vPGS (as opposed to an mPGS) and indicate genome-wide summary measures of phenotypic plasticity may further our understanding of how environmental stimuli modify the distribution of complex traits in a population.

Research on the Impact of Information Security Certification and Concealment onFinancial Performance

2022 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 0-0
Keyword(s):  
Information Security ◽  
Financial Performance ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Corporate Decisions ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Iso 27001

With the rapid development of information technology, information security has been gaining attention. The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) has issued international standards and technical reports related to information security, which are gradually being adopted by enterprises. This study analyzes the relationship between information security certification (ISO 27001) and corporate financial performance using data from Chinese publicly listed companies. The study focusses on the impact of corporate decisions such as whether to obtain certification, how long to hold certification, and whether to publicize information regarding certification. The results show that there is a positive correlation between ISO 27001 and financial performance. Moreover, the positive impact of ISO 27001 on financial performance gradually increases with time. In addition, choosing not to publicize ISO 27001 certification can negatively affect enterprise performance.

Patterns and Volatility in State Funding for Higher Education, 1951–2006

2018 ◽  
Vol 120 (6) ◽  
pp. 1-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer A. Delaney ◽  
William R. Doyle
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Past Research ◽  
State Funding ◽  
Higher Education Funding ◽  
State Budget ◽  
State Budgets ◽  
Higher Education Leaders ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Over Time

Background Numerous studies have addressed the determinants of higher education appropriations. Extending prior studies that only consider the relationship between higher education and one other state budget category, Delaney and Doyle develop and test an empirical model of the relationship between higher education and all other budget categories. Delaney and Doyle propose that higher education takes the form of a balance wheel in state budgets. They find that higher education is cut more than other budget categories in bad budget years and given larger increases in good budget years. Although previous work advances understanding of how states budget for higher education, it is limited in the length of time considered. Purpose This study makes two important contributions to the literature. First, it documents changes in the amount of volatility in state funding for higher education. Second, it identifies patterns in the volatility, and does so over a longer time period than has been investigated in past research, using data that spans over a half century (1951–2006). Research Design This study uses a unique panel dataset spanning the period from 1951 to 2006 to quantitatively document changes in the extent of volatility in state funding for higher education. It also identifies and tests for patterns of volatility. Findings We find that the level of volatility in state budgeting for higher education has changed over time. We also find evidence of linear (incremental), quadratic (countercyclical), and cubic (balance wheel) patterns of volatility at different points in time. Recommendations Our findings indicate that the role of higher education in state budgets is not static and has varied over time. In policy discussions about higher education funding, we think it is important to consider both absolute funding levels and the amount of volatility in funding. We recommend that higher education leaders discuss not only funding levels with their state legislatures, but also discuss volatility in funding patterns. States and higher education have operated under different funding relationships in the past; therefore, it seems possible that policymakers and higher education officials could change their current funding relationship to conform to a pattern that better serves the needs of the state, institutions, and students.

scholarly journals Airline Financial Distress and Customer Satisfaction

2011 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dina Ribbink ◽  
Christian Hofer ◽  
Martin Dresner
Keyword(s):  
Customer Service ◽  
Airline Industry ◽  
Financial Distress ◽  
Service Levels ◽  
The Third ◽  
Time Performance ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

An investigation is conducted on the effect of financial distress on customer service levels in the U.S. airline industry. Using data from the first quarter of 1998 to the third quarter of 2006, we employ a seemingly unrelated regressions (SUR) model to analyze the impact of financial distress on three measures of customer service. We find that higher financial distress is associated with better on-time performance of airlines and fewer lost bags. The relationship of airline financial distress to the number of bumped customers, however, is insignificant.

scholarly journals Motivation and Academic Performance: An Inter-country Comparison

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. p70
Author(s):  
Lewis R. Gale ◽  
Clifford Nowell
Keyword(s):  
Academic Achievement ◽  
Academic Performance ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Country Comparison ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Detrimental Impact ◽  
The U.S ◽  
External Motivation

The objective of this paper is to explore the impact of amotivation on academic performance and to test whether the impact of motivation on academic performance differs across students from China and the U.S. Using data from Chinese and U.S. students located in their home countries, we find amotivation negatively impacts academic performance of both groups of students. We also show that external motivation is positively associated with academic achievement. While these findings are consistent with results from previous studies, we extend the understanding on the relationship between motivation and academic performance by demonstrating that the magnitude of the detrimental impact of amotivation differs between students in the two countries and that the positive impact of higher levels of external motivation provides similar benefits for both groups of students.

scholarly journals La historia de las personas: reflexiones desde la historiografía y de la didáctica de las ciencias sociales durante los últimos 25 años

Panta Rei ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-196
Author(s):  
Mariona Massip Sabater ◽  
Jordi Castellví Mata ◽  
Joan Pagès Blanch
Keyword(s):  
Great Majority ◽  
School Curriculum ◽  
Historical Science ◽  
Historical Knowledge ◽  
Political Processes ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
School History ◽  
Future Challenges ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

En este artículo se revisa la evolución de la ciencia histórica y de la historia escolar a lo largo de los últimos 25 años. Esta revisión se centra en los avances en la investigación y la enseñanza de la historia de las personas; es decir, aquella que atiende a la totalidad de agentes sociales e históricos, que se articula a partir de la proyección global de la humanidad y que atiende a los problemas de las experiencias humanas. En primer lugar, se concreta el concepto de historia escolar y se explica la relación que se establece entre la historia escolar y la historiografía. En segundo lugar, se analiza la evolución de ambas a lo largo de estos 25 años. Finalmente, se plantean retos de futuro. Existe un desequilibrio entre la evolución del conocimiento histórico y el impacto que ha tenido en el currículo escolar. La historia escolar sigue centrada, de manera mayoritaria, en los procesos políticos nacionales, y reproduciendo saberes androcéntricos y eurocéntricos en los que se excluyen la gran mayoría de protagonistas. In this article the evolution of historical science and school history over the past 25 years is reviewed. This review focuses on advances in people's history; that is, a history in which all social and historical agents are recognised, and which is articulated from the global consideration of humanity and human experiences. In the first place, the meaning of school history is specified, along with the relationship between school history and historiography. Secondly, the evolution of both over these 25 years is analysed. Finally, we pose future challenges. There is an imbalance between the evolution of historical knowledge and the impact it has had on the school curriculum and educational practices. School history continues to reproduce androcentric and Eurocentric knowledge based on political processes in which the great majority of protagonists are excluded.

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