Deceptive readings: poetry and its value reconsidered

1995 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sitta von Reden

In his analysis of the social and economic conditions of intellectual activity in ancient Greece, Gentili argues that the value of poetry underwent a notable change in the late archaic period. Poetry came to be produced within a contractual relationship between patrons and poets, it became a commercial good available to the one who could pay for it and its value was expressed no longer by honouring the poet but by paying for his product. At the time of Solon and Theognis the producers of poetry had been aristocratic members of the polis giving political advice to their peers and gaining renown by the quality of their advice. Yet Simonides and Pindar wrote under different social conditions. Gentili writes:Fully conscious by now of the dignity and importance of his role, the poet also becomes aware of its [i.e. poetry's] ‘commercial’ value. He puts his own sophia at the disposal of the highest bidder, thereby creating a basis for the tendency to regard wealth and poetic ‘wisdom’ as interchangeable moral equivalents.

2011 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Débora Fernanda Amaral Pedrosa ◽  
Andressa Karina Amaral Plá Pelegrin ◽  
Hilze Benigno de Oliveira Moura Siqueira ◽  
Talita de Cássia Raminelli da Silva ◽  
Orlando Carlos Gomes Colhado ◽  
...  

The evaluation of quality of life (QOL) faced with chronic ischemic pain involves the clients in their subjectivity and multidimensionality. This descriptive study aimed to evaluate the quality of life of clients who presented chronic ischemic pain. A total of 100 clients of hospital institutes participated in the study. The instrument used to assess pain was an 11 point numerical scale, and to assess the quality of life, the World Health Organization Quality of Life-abbreviated questionnaire. The arithmetic mean for chronic pain was 5.59±3.16 points. The means for quality of life were: in the physical domain, 44.75±16.98; in the overall domain, 50.0±22.40; in the environment, 55.06±13.51, in the psychological, 56.21±17.19 and in the social domain, 68.33±21.84. Thus, the physical domain was, among the areas analyzed, the one which presented a greater impact on the quality of life of the clients with chronic ischemic pain.


2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valeriy Heyets

Nearly 30 years of transformation of the sociopolitical and legal, socioeconomical and financial, sociocultural and welfare, and socioenvironmental dimensions in both Central and Eastern Europe, including Ukraine, has led to a change of the social quality of daily circumstances. On the one hand, the interconnection and reciprocity of these four relevant dimensions of societal life is the underlying cause of such changes, and on the other, the state as main actor of the sociopolitical and legal dimension is the initiator of those changes. Applying the social quality approach, I will reflect in this article on the consequences of these changes, especially in Ukraine. In comparison, the dominant Western interpretation of the “welfare state” will also be discussed.


2000 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 291-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul M. Churchland

Professor Clark's splendid essay represents a step forward from which there should be no retreat. Our de facto moral cognition involves a complex and evolving interplay between, on the one hand, the non discursive cognitive mechanisms of the biological brain, and, on the other, the often highly discursive extra-personal “scaffolding” that structures the social world in which our brains are normally situated, a world that has been, to a large extent, created by our own moral and political activity. That interplay extends the reach and elevates the quality of the original nondiscursive cognition, and thus any adequate account of moral cognition must address both of these contributing dimensions. An account that focuses only on brain mechanisms will be missing something vital.


2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 809-836
Author(s):  
Rubén Compagnucci de Caso

This study is about “legal acts”, which is a division of “the general aspects of private law. Most of the Civil Codes in the 20th and 21st centuries which include these general aspects, dedicate several of their articles to rule on said matter and determine in this way their nature, require-ments and effects .An example of all this are the Civil Codes in Germany (BGB), Brazil, Mexico, Switzerland among other countries. The new Civil and Commercial Code in force in Argentina since Au-gust 1st, 2015 deals with this matter in Book I, Title V, Chapter I (articles 257 to 264).Acts are external events within the social reality which have the power to alter or modify the surrounding environment. In this context, their analysis and study only apply to those actions or facts of a juridical nature and are therefore of interest to the law. All this makes it necessary to take a stand in order to explain when and why an event either natural o human is to be considered a “legal act”. To give an answer to this question, there are two opposed theories on the subject and some other irrelevant opinions. In this present, it has been intended to define and clarify the main points of both theories. One idea sustains that a legal act is the one which has in itself the character and the ability to achieve a goal, that is, the legal effect. This leads to defining it as the causal event of logical connection making it possible to get said legal effect then becoming a quality of the object itself. This theory is called “traditional” or “causative”. The second theory, supported by most of the Italian lawmakers and well spread in the modern doctrine considers that the legal acts themselves do not have a particular virtue but that their legal or juridical character is given by the fact that they are presupposed to have fulfilled all sta-tutory requirements. All this has been called fattispecie or “regulating factual presuppositions” by the Italian lawmakers.When a rule or law understands that to have a legal consequence it is necessary to do one or more acts, said acts become legal acts. For example , the birth or the death of a person is a “natural” act, but in most legislations the person who is born has the right to acquire, and the deceased to transfer their estate to their heirs. Other aspects have also been considered, in particular the classification of the legal acts, and the most important is the one which distinguishes natural acts from human acts which are tho-se where a human being takes part and with the expression of their will can do what are simply called “legal acts” or “legal transactions”.


Author(s):  
Pavlo Kolomiiets

The statement of the problem of this research is conditioned by the results of the monitoring conducted by the author of the article on the quality of provision of educational services in the field of tax education and tax education to Ukrainian citizens, “the state of which does not satisfy the requirements that it faces in terms of building Ukrainian statehood, cultural and spiritual revival of the Ukrainian people. This is manifested primarily in the inadequacy of education to the needs of the individual, the social needs and worldly achievements of mankind; in the devaluation of the social prestige of education and intellectual activity; in distorting the goals and functions of education; bureaucratization of all links in the educational system. The dynamism inherent in modern civilization, the growth of the social role of the individual, the humanization and democratization of society, the intellectualization of labor, the rapid change of technology and technology all over the world, all require the creation of such conditions under which the people of Ukraine would become a constantly learning nation.”. The fundamental relevance of the investigated issues is, first of all, directly related to the official recognition that the directions of education development conducted during the 29 years of our country were not sufficiently systematic and complex in nature and therefore did not contribute to the formation of a comprehensive state policy in the field of education. Therefore, the relevance of the problem of improving the quality of tax, tax education and education of Ukrainian citizens is extremely important. The study is conditioned by the results of the monitoring conducted by the author of this article on the quality of provision of educational services in the field of tax education and tax education to Ukrainian citizens. Creating an actionable, real-life, small, compact and effective Tax Code of Ukraine will become a major source of tax knowledge and tax culture.


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liat Morgan ◽  
Alexandra Protopopova ◽  
Rune Isak Dupont Birkler ◽  
Beata Itin-Shwartz ◽  
Gila Abells Sutton ◽  
...  

The recent COVID-19 pandemic led to uncertainty and severe health and economic concerns, which may have impacted human-dog relationships. Our objectives were to investigate how people perceived and acted during the COVID-19 pandemic social isolation, in regards to dog adoption and abandonment; and to examine the bidirectional relationships between dog owners’ well-being to that of their dogs. Overall, according to our analysis, the stricter the social isolation became during the pandemic, the interest in dog adoption as well as adoption rate increased significantly, while abandonment did not change. Moreover, there was a clear association between individuals’ impaired quality of life and their perceptions of poorer life quality of their dogs as well as the development of new behavioral problems. These findings suggest potential benefits for human-dog relationship during the COVID-19 pandemic, in compliance with the One Welfare approach.


2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 1910-1925
Author(s):  
R.M. Sadykov ◽  
E.K. Khalikova

Subject. This article analyzes the basic indices that most fully reflect the multidimensional well-being of the population and the standards the actual living conditions are compared with. Objectives. The article aims to assess the region population's well-being and develop priority measures to increase its level. Methods. For the study, we used a comparative analysis, and sociological studies and official statistics data. Results. The article describes the main reasons for the decline in the well-being of the population of the region and Russia as a whole. The article specifies the priority measures to improve the well-being of the population. Conclusions. Creating favorable economic and social conditions, developing international cooperation of companies, investment in human capital will help improve the quality of production factors and their efficiency.


1990 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esteve Morera

AbstractIn the Quaderni del Carcere, Antonio Gramsci provided the foundations for a socialist theory of democracy. This theory can be drawn from some of Gramsci's most important concepts: his views of intellectual activity on the one hand, and the conceptions of hegemony and civil society on the other. The former provides a general conception of a non-bureaucratic relationship between leaders and the led, the latter points to a participatory model of political activity. This thesis, however, is formulated within the framework of a realist epistemology in which the class structure is conceived as the long-term determinant of the general historical process. Hence, although Gramsci's thought sheds new light on a non-class domain of political activity, it is constrained by both socio-economic conditions and the realism of available knowledge.


2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (02) ◽  
pp. 167-188
Author(s):  
Umi Muzayanah ◽  
Siti Muawanah ◽  
Nur Laili Noviani ◽  
Zakiyah Zakiyah ◽  
Setyo Boedi Oetomo ◽  
...  

Teachers of Islamic education in Indonesia have some problems. On the one hand, they are required to meet the standards of qualification, competencies, and certification. On the other hand, they have over-working hour due to the imbalance between the number of the teachers and the students. This fact will undoubtedly affect their work quality. The work quality of the teachers can be measured by five kinds of competences: pedagogic, personality, social, professional, and leadership. This research is aimed to measure the five competences of the teachers of Islamic Education in Senior High Schools and Senior Vocational Schools (both SMA and SMK) in Central Java, and it is also to examine the hypothesis that there is no significant difference in teachers’ competences in terms of their status: civil servants (PNS) or not (non-PNS), and certified or not. By using quantitative approach, the research has two important findings. The first, the competency of the Islamic teachers in Central Java is on the medium level which have a score at 2.95 on a scale of 4.00. The pedagogic competence occupies the highest level with 3.25, in contrast the social competence is on the lowest one with 2.9. The second, there is no significant difference in competences between the teachers who are civil servants and those who are not. On the contrary, there is a significant difference in competences between the teachers who are certified and who are not certified yet.


Author(s):  
Vladyslav Kopytkov

The work is dedicated to the newest approach in legal science, the phenomenon of cyclicality. Cyclicality is a long-standing philosophical idea and concept that is practised in various scientific fields. To become a scientific theory and paradigm, it has gone a long evolutionary way from antiquity to modernity. The cyclical approach is in the "armament" of many sciences. It provides scientists with a whole methodological basis for scientific research, a completely different vision of the processes occurring in various spheres of human life. Unfortunately, modern jurisprudence still pays little attention to the phenomenon of cyclicality, its study in law. However, some developments of scientists indicate a growing interest to these issues. For example, Yu. A. Tikhomirov notes that the cyclical approach to the development of law allows us to abandon the mechanistic attitude to it and simplified assessments on the one hand, from a purely "text" perception of law as a set of legal acts that come in place of each other - on the other hand. With its help, there is an opportunity to reveal, understand and consciously influence all stages of life of both public and private law. To see their connections and crossovers, to identify the hidden facets of law. The concept of cyclicality has also become the basis for the "theory of constitutional cycles" by A.N. Medushevsky, who identifies evolutionary and revolutionary models of constitutional cycling, various models of constitutional cycles in post-socialist countries, and assesses exit strategies. He comes to the main conclusion that the cyclicality is traced in the constitutional development of different countries of the world, in particular, it is manifested in the laws of adoption and modification of the constitution. Due to cyclicality, we are able to analyze the past, model the future, trace the dynamics of any legal phenomena and processes. On the example of the "legislative cycle", we see that cyclicality can be both a form of legislative process and a methodological tool for legislative activity. Through the category of "life cycles" of law, the social, "living" nature of law is manifested, its dynamic essence is revealed. The cycle extends the conceptual and categorical apparatus of theoretical jurisprudence. This approach is also important in the study of deterministic and bifurcation processes in law. The interdisciplinary, integrative nature of the doctrine of cyclicality allows extrapolating into the sphere of modern jurisprudence some knowledge and developments in other sciences, in particular, economics and politics. All this suggests that the phenomenon of cyclicality is important in the process of studying the legal reality, in the process of learning it. Both the paradigm and the methodological basis of cyclicality can play a significant role in changing the quality of law. We also emphasize that today there are already substantial developments in the law, which uses the cyclical approach, however, these are only "first swallows". The theoretical and methodological potential of this approach for general theoretical and applied jurisprudence is only beginning to be discovered by researchers. It is possible to express confidence that addressing these issues by interested specialists will be useful to both science and society.


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