Preservation of Jewish Ethnic Identity in Yemen: Segregation and Integration as Boundary Maintenance Mechanisms

1982 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 264-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yael Katzir
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Identity ◽  
Ethnic Minority ◽  
Jewish Community ◽  
The State ◽  
Fifth Century ◽  
Boundary Maintenance ◽  
State Of Israel

This essay examines the sociocultural mechanisms which preserved the Jewish ethnic identity in Yemen over the centuries. The Jewish community of Yemen existed continuously as an ethnic minority for over 1,500 years, dating back to the mid-fifth century and ending with the establishment of the state of Israel, when the Jews were declared persona non grata by the Yemeni government and were forced to leave en masse in 1948 (Ratzaby 1978).

scholarly journals The Role of Military Service in the Integration/Segregation of Muslims, Christians and Druze within Israel

Societies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rami Zeedan
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Minority ◽  
Social System ◽  
Military Service ◽  
The State ◽  
The Social ◽  
Positive Peace ◽  
New Nation ◽  
State Relations ◽  
State Of Israel

This study applies the negative peace/positive peace approach to internal nation-state relations between the majority and ethnic minority. This approach focuses on the policies implemented by the state. In order to understand the social system from its formation, an important focus should be given to the period of establishment of a new state, whereas physical borders are defined along with the borders of society, which determines who is included in the new nation and who is excluded. The conclusions are based on the case of the Israeli Druze, an ethnic minority with whom the state of Israel and its Jewish majority have achieved positive peace. This study suggests that the positive peace with the Druze was achieved following their integration in the army—as a decision of the state of Israel—that lead to their integration in the Israeli society. Conversely to the Israeli Muslims, where a negative peace is maintained, following the early year’s state policy to exclude them.

scholarly journals The Cultural Politics of Ethnic Identity in Xishuangbanna, China: Tea and Rubber as “Cash Crops” and “Commodities”

2012 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 109-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet C. Sturgeon
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Identity ◽  
Middle Class ◽  
Ethnic Minority ◽  
Cultural Politics ◽  
Poverty Alleviation ◽  
Social Hierarchy ◽  
The State ◽  
Income Levels ◽  
Cash Crops ◽  
Symbolic Value

In 2003, the poverty alleviation bureau in Xishuangbanna, China, introduced tea and rubber as cash crops to raise the incomes of ethnic-minority farmers who were thought to be backward and unfamiliar with markets. Using Marx's commodity fetish and Polly Hill's critique of “cash crops”, this paper analyses the cultural politics of ethnicity for Akha and Dai farmers in relation to tea and rubber. When the prefecture government introduces “cash crops”, the state retains its authority as the dispenser of knowledge, crops and modernity. When tea and rubber become commodities, however, some of the symbolic value of the commodity seems to stick to farmers, making rubber farmers “modern” and tea farmers “ethnic” in new ways. Through rising incomes and enhanced identities, Akha and Dai farmers unsettle stereotypes of themselves as “backward”. As a result of income levels matching those of urban middle-class residents, rubber farmers even challenge the prevalent social hierarchy.

scholarly journals A CHRONICLE OF CALCUTTA JEWRY

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (15) ◽  
pp. 1462-1469
Author(s):  
Sayan Lodh
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Jewish Community ◽  
The State ◽  
The Holocaust ◽  
Relief Fund ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Partition Of India ◽  
The City ◽  
State Of Israel

Studies conducted into minorities like the Jews serves the purpose of sensitizing one about the existence of communities other than one’s own one, thereby promoting harmony and better understanding of other cultures. The Paper is titled ‘A Chronicle of Calcutta Jewry’. It lays stress on the beginning of the Jewish community in Calcutta with reference to the prominent Jewish families from the city. Most of the Jews in Calcutta were from the middle-east and came to be called as Baghdadi Jews. Initially they were influenced by Arabic culture, language and customs, but later they became Anglicized with English replacing Judeo-Arabic (Arabic written in Hebrew script) as their language. A few social evils residing among the Jews briefly discussed. Although, the Jews of our city never experienced direct consequences of the Holocaust, they contributed wholeheartedly to the Jewish Relief Fund that was set up by the Jewish Relief Association (JRA) to help the victims of the Shoah. The experience of a Jewish girl amidst the violence during the partition of India has been briefly touched upon. The reason for the exodus of Jews from Calcutta after Independence of India and the establishment of the State of Israel has also been discussed. The contribution of the Jews to the lifestyle of the city is described with case study on ‘Nahoums’, the famous Jewish bakery of the city. A brief discussion on an eminent Jew from Calcutta who distinguished himself in service to the nation – J.F.R. Jacob, popularly known as Jack by his fellow soldiers has been given. The amicable relations between the Jews and Muslims in Calcutta have also been briefly portrayed. The research concludes with the prospect of the Jews becoming a part of the City’s history, peacefully resting in their cemeteries. Keywords: Jews, Calcutta, India, Baghdadi, Holocaust

John Paul II on Jews and Judaism

2001 ◽  
pp. 329-338
Author(s):  
Robert S. Wistrich
Keyword(s):  
Jewish Community ◽  
The State ◽  
Diplomatic Relations ◽  
John Paul Ii ◽  
Spiritual Pilgrimage ◽  
State Of Israel

This chapter explores Pope John Paul II's denunciations of antisemitism. Since his election in 1978, John Paul II has repeatedly broken new ground in relations with the Jewish community. As the texts on Jews and Judaism compiled under the title Spiritual Pilgrimage by the Anti-Defamation League (ADL) show, his writings, homilies, and speeches on Jewish themes represent a remarkable contribution to the historic dialogue between Jews and Catholics today. This ‘spiritual pilgrimage’ culminated in his becoming the first Roman pontiff to visit a synagogue in the Eternal City (or elsewhere) in 1986, followed seven years later by the establishment of diplomatic relations between the Vatican and the state of Israel. Nor has any previous pope been as consistent, firm, and unequivocal in condemning antisemitism as John Paul II.

American and British Diplomacy and the Bernadotte Mission

1986 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 677-696 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mordechai Gazit
Keyword(s):  
Jewish Community ◽  
The State ◽  
The Political ◽  
First Report ◽  
Military Organizations ◽  
Complete Independence ◽  
Freedom Fighters ◽  
American Diplomacy ◽  
State Of Israel

Almost forty years have passed since the UN mediator for Palestine, Count Folke Bernadotte of Sweden, was assassinated in Jerusalem on 17 September, 1948 by the ‘Freedom Fighters of Israel’ (Lohamei Herut Yisrael. Hebrew acronym: LEHY), the smallest and most extreme of the three military organizations of the Yishuv (as the Jewish community in Palestine was called before the state of Israel came into being). The announcement made after the assassination was issued by ‘The Fatherland Front’ (Hazit ha-Moledet), a ‘front’ brought into being for the purpose by LEHY and which disappeared immediately afterwards. It declared that Bernadotte had been ‘an obvious agent of the British enemy’. Now that the British and American documents have been made available, this serious allegation can be examined, and as a result it can now safely be affirmed that the mediator acted in complete independence. He had no contact whatsover with British or American diplomacy over the political proposals that sealed his fate. These proposals he presented in his first Report on 28 June 1948.

Ideology and Politics at the Establishment of the State of Israel, 1948–1950

Hadassah ◽  
2011 ◽  
pp. 119-136
Author(s):  
Mira Katzburg-Yungman
Keyword(s):  
Jewish Community ◽  
The State ◽  
Jewish Communities ◽  
Dual Loyalty ◽  
Zionist Movement ◽  
American Jewish ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
State Of Israel

This chapter deals with the development of Zionist ideology and politics after the establishment of the State of Israel. In the months and years after May 1948, the American Jewish community underwent a process of re-evaluating its relationship with the Jewish community in what was now the State of Israel. In the American Jewish arena in general, and the American Zionist arena in particular, the establishment of the state raised various issues regarding the relationship between the two Jewish communities. Some were practical, such as the division of roles between the Jewish Agency and the government of Israel. Others were more theoretical. For instance, there was concern about dual loyalty; there was the fundamental question of the role of the Zionist movement, now that its primary goal had been achieved; there were debates about who was a Zionist. Other dilemmas arose as time passed.

scholarly journals From Czechoslovakia to the State of Israel: Introduction to Legal Aspects of Czechoslovak Help to the State of Israel in 1947–1949

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1/2020) ◽  
pp. 323-338
Author(s):  
Vojtěch Vrba
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Jewish Community ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
Paper Analysis ◽  
The State ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
Training Courses ◽  
State Of Israel

The paper introduces the reader to basic legal aspects of Czechoslovak help to the State of Israel in 1947–1949. During this time, Czechoslovakia exported arms, ammunition, fighter planes and other war material to the Jewish community in the Middle East. There was also a significant number of volunteers, who underwent various training courses in Czechoslovakia. These courses included training of pilots, aviation mechanics, paratroopers etc. All these operations had their legal merits and aspects. The paper analysis these aspects in general. The sources used in the paper are legal and archival documents and interviews, along with secondary sources and literature, both memoirs and historiographic.

Ideology and Politics in the Early Years of the State of Israel, 1951–1956

Hadassah ◽  
2011 ◽  
pp. 137-156
Author(s):  
Mira Katzburg-Yungman
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Jewish Community ◽  
Jewish Life ◽  
The United States ◽  
The State ◽  
Early Years ◽  
The Other ◽  
Practical Work ◽  
State Of Israel ◽  
Zionist Organization

This chapter details further developments within the international Jewish community as well as Hadassah's role in these affairs. Despite Hadassah's unrelenting focus on practical work, it could not ignore the questions about the essence of Zionism that arose as a result of the establishment of the State of Israel. In the context of debates over aliyah and ḥalutsiyut, the question arose whether Hadassah was a Zionist organization or an organization of ‘friends of Israel’; the leaders of Hadassah firmly refused to ‘demote’ the organization to the level of ‘friends of Israel’. Another focus of debate between the Zionists in Israel and American Zionists was the concepts of ‘exile’ and ‘diaspora’. In this respect Hadassah, more than the other Zionist organizations in the United States, supported the view that can be defined as affirming the value and authenticity of Jewish life in the diaspora.

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