Israel and the Diaspora to 1967

The creation of the State of Israel transformed the ties between the Jewish community there and the Jewish world at large. The World Zionist Organization and the Jewish Agency were supplanted by the institutions of the sovereign state. Similarly, prominent leaders of American Zionism, especially Abba Hillel Silver and Emanuel Neumann, became marginalized as the focus shifted to the politics of the Knesset and the political leadership of David Ben-Gurion. As the role of diaspora Zionism declined in importance, a new relationship of mutual interdependence emerged in the 1950s, as Israel and the diaspora collaborated in pursuing restitution, reparations, and indemnification for victims of the Holocaust. The non-Zionist Jacob Blaustein and the American Jewish Committee now defined the diaspora-Israel relationship.

Representing the Nation

With the collapse of the old imperial order in 1918, Zionists anticipated that nationhood would be the defining paradigm for the political reorganization of the region. Chapter 5 shows how Zionists fought to establish the Jewish nation as an equal participant in this process, and to attain recognition of its nationhood and national rights by both their non-Jewish neighbours and the Great Powers. It analyses one of the most important forms of Zionist organization and political practice after the end of the First World War: the Jewish national councils. The chapter focuses on three sites where those institutions evolved out of different forms of wartime activism and gained significant influence in Jewish society for a time—East Galicia, Vienna, and Prague—as well as on similar efforts in Poland, Lithuania, and at an international level. It examines the day-to-day work of the Jewish national councils, their political aims, how they corresponded and related to other nationalist movements, and how they attempted to turn their claim to represent the Jewish nation into a reality. In this process, Zionists built on their wartime experiences, their standing in society, and their relations with the new rulers, demonstrating how previous engagements determined the viability of national claims and projects in the postwar era. The chapter connects the ‘big’ story of the Paris Peace Conference to local events and activists by analysing the role nationalist representatives played in the context of the peace negotiations and the struggle for national and minority rights.

Zionist Organizations in Voronezh

The chapter is based on materials from the archives and investigations of the OGPU of the late 1920s and early 1930s. The last years of the XIX century and the first twentieth century became a time of rapid development and strengthening of the Zionist movement in Russia developed rapidly. In 1902, over a thousand disparate Zionist organizations merged into the Russian Zionist Organization (RNO). In this article, we will consider the processes taking place in a separate region of Russia - the Central Black Earth Region (CCO). Voronezh became the center of the Central Council in 1928.

Zjawisko izraelskich nieautoryzowanych osiedli na Zachodnim Brzegu Jordanu

The phenomenon of the Israeli outposts in the West Bank The article presents the phenomenon of the Israeli outposts in the West Bank. It describes the origins, ways of establishing, sources of financial support of the outposts. There will be examined the Israeli governments’ attitude toward this type of settlement. It should be emphasized that governmental and self-governmental institutions, as well as the World Zionist Organization, are engaged in establishing and developing the outposts in the West Bank. The aim of the article is to explain and to describe this phenomenon in the light of the Israeli law and its consequences for the State of Israel and the Israeli-Palestinian peace process. The examination is based on the following sources: Sasson Report, Levy Report, Judea and Samaria Settlement Regulation Law, Basic Law: Human Dignity and Liberty, so-called Young Settlement Bill, reports published by Peace Now and B’Tselem organizations. For the research author used institutional, historical analysis and decision analysis methods. It helped to state that the Israeli outposts, despite its illegality, receive wide financial and security support from government and self-governments. The outposts threaten also the peace process. Furthermore, since 2009 Netanyahu’s governments try to recognize and legalize the outposts by legal measures.

Avukah

The landscape of American Zionism shifted slowly and significantly over the course of the early to mid 20th century, culminating in the creation of the State of Israel in 1948. In that tumultuous period of history, American Zionism was not one single traceable ideology, but a great mass of intersecting and opposing ideologies, formed by American Jews’ desire to assimilate and their response to ongoing and pervasive anti-Semitism in the United States and Europe. One particular student Zionist organization, known as Avukah, cultivated its own Zionist ideology and attempted to spread its message to universities across the country. However, as American Zionism transformed and took root in mainstream American Jewish society, Avukah struggled and ultimately failed to instill its Zionist ideology into the mainstream. Avukah’s strict adherence to a singular, yet ultimately unclear Zionist ideology and its inability to adapt to the shifting tides of American Zionism provide a unique lens into the world of early American Zionist culture and the limitations of organizations founded on strict adherence to ideology. The study of Avukah’s rise and fall through the prism of the Avukah chapter at Temple University offers a close examination and microcosm of the limitations of Avukah’s Zionist ideology in the face of American Zionism’s period of great change.

The Peace Process

When was the first attempt to make peace? Attempts to make peace between Arabs and Jews date back to the beginning of their conflict over Palestine a century ago, before it turned violent. The first attempt involved Chaim Weizmann, the head of the Zionist Organization...

DEKLARASI BALFOUR : TRAGEDI BAGI BANGSA PALESTINA DALAM PUISI-PUISI ARAB TAHUN 1920-1948

The arrival of Jews in Palestine since 1882 changed the order of life of the Palestinian people. Jews began to buy land from Palestinians with the aim of mastering all Palestinian land in the future. This mastery is carried out to realize the ideals of establishing a Jews country that has been proclaimed by The World Zionist Organization. The achievement of control of Palestinian land became apparent when the Ottoman Government in Palestine was defeated and turned into British hands. In 1917, Britain gave way to the Zionist Organization by signing the Balfour Declaration which gave permission to them to make Palestine a homeland. In three decades, the Zionist Organization succeeded in annexing Palestine and making it a Jewish state called Israel. The establishment of the state of Israel became a tragedy to the Palestinians. Arab poets have resisted since the signing of the Balfour Declaration until the tragedy of Israel's annexation of Palestine with their poems. Literary works, in the theory of adab almuqawamah, were written to arouse the spirit of resistance of a nation against colonialism. Arab poets through their poems warn of the adverse consequences of the Balfour Declaration for Palestine. Their poetry is also to arouse the fighting spirit of the Palestinian people against Israel.

Gur Alroey, Zionism without Zion: The Jewish Territorial Organization and Its Conflict with the Zionist Organization. Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 2016. viii + 359 pp.

This chapter reviews the book Zionism without Zion: The Jewish Territorial Organization and Its Conflict with the Zionist Organization (2016), by Gur Alroey. In Zionism without Zion, Alroey examines the movement that became Zionism’s fiercest rival—Territorialism—and how it ultimately lost the ideological contest concerning the location of the future Jewish state. Zionism and Territorialism shared the same precursors, and their proponents held a similar worldview with regard to the urgency of providing a refuge for Jews. In contrast, there were those who called for integration of the Jews into the various countries in which they already lived. This group was divided into two, one of which included Communists and Bundists. There was also a “cultural” stream in the Zionist Organization, which was led by Ahad Ha’am. According to Alroey, Ahad Ha’am sought to resolve the problem of Jewish religion in Palestine.