Minimizing Nitrate-nitrogen Leaching by Parallel Multiple Cropping in Long-duration Row Crops

1982 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. L. Yadav
Keyword(s):  
Nitrate Nitrogen ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Nitrate Content ◽  
Multiple Cropping ◽  
Row Crops ◽  
Land Equivalent Ratio ◽  
Equivalent Ratio ◽  
Nitrate N ◽  
Long Duration ◽  
Sole Cropping

SUMMARYThe nitrate–N profile of soil was studied in sole and parallel multiple-cropping systems of pigeonpea and maize and of sugarcane and blackgram. In sole cropping there was more nitrate–N in the deeper horizons because of leaching from the inter-row spaces of row crops, whereas the nitrate content was drastically reduced in parallel cropping at more than 30 cm deep as N in the inter-row spaces was better utilized by the crops. The yield of two crops, when combined, was more in parallel cropping than the sum of crops grown separately, and the Land Equivalent Ratio was higher in parallel-cropping systems than in sole cropping.

Trade-Off between Energy Wood and Grain Production in Temperate Alley-Cropping Systems: An Empirical and Simulation-Based Derivation of Land Equivalent Ratio

Agriculture ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana-Maria Seserman ◽  
Dirk Freese ◽  
Anita Swieter ◽  
Maren Langhof ◽  
Maik Veste
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Alley Cropping ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Energy Yield ◽  
Land Area ◽  
Land Equivalent Ratio ◽  
Equivalent Ratio ◽  
Land Use Efficiency ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Use Efficiency

The alley-cropping systems (ACSs), which integrate parallel tree strips at varying distances on an agricultural field can result, complementarity of resource use, in an increased land-use efficiency. Practitioners’ concerns have been directed towards the productivity of such systems given a reduced area covered by agricultural crops. The land equivalent ratio (LER) serves as a valuable productivity indicator of yield performance and land-use efficiency in ACSs, as it compares the yields achieved in monocultures to those from ACSs. Consequently, the objective of this combined experimental and simulation study was to assess the tree- and crop-yields and to derive the LER and gross energy yield for two temperate ACSs in Germany under different design scenarios, i.e., tree arrangements (lee- or wind-ward) and ratios of tree area to crop area. Both LER and gross energy yields resulted in a convex curve where the maximum values were achieved when either the tree or crop component was dominant (>75% of the land area) and minimum when these components shared similar proportions of land area. The implications of several design scenarios have been discussed in order to improve the decision-making, optimization, and adaptation of the design of ACSs with respect to site-specific characteristics.

Studies on Cotton-based Multiple Cropping

1987 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 443-449 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. K. Mandal ◽  
R. K. Ghosh ◽  
N. C. Das ◽  
A. K. Som Choudhury
Keyword(s):  
Winter Season ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Summer Season ◽  
Residual Soil ◽  
Multiple Cropping ◽  
Land Equivalent Ratio ◽  
Net Return ◽  
Equivalent Ratio ◽  
Main Crop ◽  
Winter Crops

SUMMARYStudies were carried out at Kalyani during 1982–83 and 1983–84 to evolve a multiple cropping system with cotton as the main crop. Cotton was intercropped with paddy, greengram, blackgram, peanut and soyabean in the rainy season, and these were also grown as solccrops followed by crops of peanut, lentil, chickpea, wheat and mustard, respectively, in the winter season. All plots were subsequently cropped with sesame in the summer season. There was an increase in total grain yield, land equivalent ratio (LER), area time equivalent ratio (ATER) and relative net return (RNR) values when legumes and cereals were intercropped with cotton. The yield of the winter crops grown with the help of residual soil moisture was in the order: chickpea > mustard > lentil > wheat > peanut. Sesame yielded best after the chickpea and blackgram sequence and yielded almost as well after the lentil and greengram. The greatest net return was obtained from the cotton and paddy (1:1) intercrop followed by sesame.

scholarly journals MAIZE–SOYBEAN INTERCROPPING FOR SUSTAINABLE INTENSIFICATION OF CEREAL–LEGUME CROPPING SYSTEMS IN NORTHERN NIGERIA

2017 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
ALPHA Y. KAMARA ◽  
ABDULLAHI I. TOFA ◽  
TEMITOPE ADEMULEGUN ◽  
REUBEN SOLOMON ◽  
HAULATU SHEHU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Northern Nigeria ◽  
Land Equivalent Ratio ◽  
Northern Guinea Savanna ◽  
Monetary Value ◽  
Guinea Savanna ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Sole Cropping

SUMMARYField studies were conducted during the 2014 and 2015 wet seasons at Zaria in the northern Guinea savanna and at Iburu in the southern Guinea savanna of Nigeria to determine the productivity of maize–soybean intercropping system. There were four treatment combinations in the experiment: sole maize; sole soybean; maize spaced at 50 cm and intercropped with soybean; and maize spaced at 65 cm and intercropped with soybean. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The results showed that sole cropped maize and soybean generally outperformed the intercropped component crops. Land Equivalent Ratio (LER) was greater than 1 for all the intercrop treatments, indicating that it is advantageous to grow maize and soybean in association than in pure stands. Except for 2014 in Zaria, LER for intercropped maize spaced at 50 cm was higher than that for maize spaced at 65 cm. Gross Monetary Value (GMV) was generally higher for intercrops than sole crops except in Iburu in 2015 where GMV for intercropped maize spaced at 65 cm was similar to those of sole maize and soybean. Monetary Advantage Index (MAI) was positive for all intercrop treatments in both locations and years, which shows definite yield and economic advantages compared to the sole cropping systems. This suggests that farmers can intercrop soybean and maize with maize spaced at 50 cm and 65 cm.

SEQUENTIAL INTERCROPPING OF COMMON BEAN AND MUNG BEAN WITH MAIZE IN SOUTHERN ETHIOPIA

2013 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
WALELIGN WORKU
Keyword(s):  
Common Bean ◽  
Mung Bean ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
Marginal Rate ◽  
Land Equivalent Ratio ◽  
Long Duration ◽  
Marginal Rate Of Return ◽  
Cropping Seasons ◽  
Effective Use

SUMMARYMost previous studies focused on intercropping systems involving two-crop associations. However, there is much scope to improve existing cropping systems by devising and evaluating modifications that allow more effective use of the season. To this effect, experiments were conducted to quantify efficiency of sequential intercropping consisting of maize (Zea mays L.), common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and mung bean (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek) during 2007 and 2009 cropping seasons, in southern Ethiopia. Treatments included three- and two-crop associations and equivalent sole crops of components. Land equivalent ratio (LER) and area time equivalency ratio (ATER) were used to estimate intercropping advantage. Maize had the highest partial LER, 0.95, whenever mung bean comes first in the sequence. Comparable partial LERs were observed in common bean irrespective of planting times while mung bean had greater partial LERs from simultaneous rather than sequential planting. Maize had the highest competitive ratio (1.56) followed by common bean (0.67) and mung bean (0.53). The three-crop association involving simultaneous planting of maize with mung bean followed by common bean (MZ + MB − CB) gave the highest mean total LER of 1.66. This combination also had the highest combined productivity and maximum monetary gain, which is above the minimum acceptable marginal rate of return. It exceeded advantages from intercrops of maize–common bean by 41% and maize–mung bean by 23%. Thus, farmers would get greater advantage from practicing sequential intercropping in areas where the season is sufficient to grow long-duration maize.

scholarly journals PERTUMBUHAN DAN PRODUKSI TANAMAN PINANG DAN KELAPA SISTEM TUMPANG SARI

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nasamsir Nasamsir ◽  
Irman Irman
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Cropping ◽  
Land Equivalent Ratio ◽  
Equivalent Ratio

Multiple cropping merupakan sistem budidaya tanaman yang dapat meningkatkan produktivitas lahan. Peningkatan ini dapat diukur dengan besaran Nisbah Kesetaraan Lahan (NKL) atau LER (land Equivalent Ratio). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengamati pertumbuhan dan produksi tanaman tumpang sari Pinang dengan Kelapa Dalam, menentukan nilai nisbah kesetaraan lahan (NKL) serta menentukan model tanam tumpang sari Pinang dengan Kelapa Dalam yang baik. Penelitian ini dilakukan di kelurahan Sabak Ulu serta di desa Siao Dalam kecamatan Muara Sabak Timur kabupaten Tanjung Jabung Timur dengan kondisi lahan gambut. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode survey pada lahan-lahan petani yang ditanami Pinang monokultur dan Pinang tumpang sari dengan Kelapa Dalam. Parameter yang diamati meliputi jarak tanam (m), tinggi tanaman (m), lingkar batang (cm), umur mulai produksi (th), produktivitas buah Pinang dan Kelapa secara tumpang sari (ton per ha), produktivitas buah Pinang dan Kelapa tunggal (ton per ha), dan produktivitas lahan (NKL). Untuk menjawab hipotesis yang diajukan, data dianalisis secara deskriptif dalam bentuk tabulasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan produksi tanaman Pinang dan Kelapa Dalam sistem tunggal lebih besar dari sistem tumpang sari. Namun berdasarkan perhitungan nilai nisbah kesetaraan lahan (NKL) menunjukan nilai lebih dari 1, menggambarkan bahwa sistem tumpang sari lebih menguntungkan dibandingkan sistem tunggal. Kata kunci ; produksi tanaman, nisbah kesetaraan lahan, tumpang sari

scholarly journals The Status and Countermeasure of Nitrate Pollution Under Double Cropping Systems in China

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 250-257
Author(s):  
Xiujuan Ren ◽  
Sumei Yao ◽  
Runqing Wang ◽  
Dafu Wu ◽  
Shilin Chen
Keyword(s):  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Underground Water ◽  
Nitrate Pollution ◽  
Nitrate Content ◽  
Multiple Cropping ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Double Cropping ◽  
The Status ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Production Pattern

The multiple cropping is the main agricultural production pattern, including double cropping of rice in south China and double cropping of wheat and corn in north China. Household investigation, typical farmland survey and county statistics inspection were performed to analyze the status and countermeasure of nitrate pollution in China. The result showed that the nitrate rate of underground water was slowly increased, but it was not above the standard of WHO. Under the multiple cropping of winter wheat-summer corn, the nitrate level of irrigation well water had raised year after year since 1991. Some countermeasures should be taken to avoid the nitrate content of underground water, such as increasing the fertilizer use efficiency by taking agronomic measures, according to the local conditions, a reasonable allocation and application of fertilizer and others.

Strip cropping corn and grain legumes: A review

1986 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 159-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Francis ◽  
Alice Jones ◽  
Kent Crookston ◽  
Kyle Wittler ◽  
Sondra Goodman
Keyword(s):  
Soil Conservation ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Grain Legumes ◽  
Total System ◽  
Nutrient Competition ◽  
Dry Beans ◽  
Multiple Cropping ◽  
Sole Cropping

AbstractMultiple cropping systems are prevalent in many parts of the world, and alternating strips of corn and soybeans or dry beans have been used by farmers in the temperate region. Strip cropping has the potential to reduce erosion on hilly lands, to allow a crop rotation in the field if strips are changed from one season to the next, and to increase total system yields. Results from several experiments in Eastern and Midwest U.S. show considerable variation in production among years and locations. Corn grown in narrow strips has yielded from 10 to 40 percent over sole cropping, while soybeans or dry beans in narrow strips suffer yield reductions of 10 to 30 percent due to light, water and nutrient competition. There has been no definitive research to quantify the relative importance of these factors in the competitive interface between corn and legume rows. With wider strips there is less increase in corn yields and less reduction in legume yields compared to sole cropping. Changes in component crop yields also depend on rainfall, and may be influenced by the variety of each component crop and by the width of strips. Rarely does total yield in a strip crop system fall below the average monoculture performance. In years of adequate rainfall, production of strip crops may outyield sole crops by 10 to 20 percent. Potential production of strip cropping systems is reviewed, and projected soil conservation is estimated using the Universal Soil Loss Equation.

scholarly journals Effect of planting arrangements on productivity of cotton + mungbean intercropping systems

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
MF AI Tabib ◽  
MA Karim ◽  
MM Haque ◽  
QA Khaliq ◽  
ARM Solaiman
Keyword(s):  
System Performance ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Seed Cotton ◽  
Gross Margin ◽  
Economic Return ◽  
Land Equivalent Ratio ◽  
Single Row ◽  
Equivalent Ratio ◽  
Sole Cropping ◽  
Equivalent Yield

An experiment was conducted at the Cotton Research Farm, Sreepur, Gazipur during 2009-10 growing season to maximize the benefit of cotton + mungbean intercropping system through appropriate planting arrangement of component crops in the system. Performance of eight different planting arrangements, such as 1, 2, 3 and 4 rows of mungbean in between single row of cotton and 4, 5, 6 and 7 rows of mungbean in between paired row cotton ware compared against their sole cropping. Intercropping and mungbean density reduced individual yield of cotton and mungbean compared to their sole cropping but increased equivalent yield of both cotton and mungbean. The highest seed cotton (2951 kg ha-1) and mungbean (3373 kg ha-1) equivalent yield was recorded from the paired row cotton +4-row mungbean. The land equivalent ratio of the same combination indicated 31% yield advantage over sole cropping. The same plating arrangement also recorded the highest gross return (Tk. 118039 ha-1), gross margin (Tk. 60220 ha-1) and BCR (2.04). Thus, the panting arrangement of paired row cotton and 4 rows of mungbean could be grown for higher productivity and economic return in the system.Bangladesh Agron. J. 2014, 17(1): 11-22

scholarly journals Productivity and Profitability Assessment of Lemon Based Agroforestry Systems in Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
pp. 42-49
Author(s):  
Zannatul Ferdaous Bony ◽  
Md. Abiar Rahman ◽  
Zabid Al Riyadh ◽  
Satya Ranjan Saha ◽  
Mohammad Zakaria
Keyword(s):  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Agroforestry System ◽  
Agroforestry Systems ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Land Equivalent Ratio ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
Annual Crops ◽  
Sole Cropping ◽  
Benefit Cost

A field experiment was conducted from May 2017 to February 2018 at the research farm of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University to evaluate the performance and profitability of three seasonal (Broccoli, Cabbage and Okra) and two annual crops (ginger and turmeric) in lemon-based agroforestry systems. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) and replicated thrice. For seasonal crops the treatments were sole field (T0), 50 cm distance from tree base (DTB) with ginger (T1), 50 cm DTB with turmeric (T2), 100 cm DTB with ginger (T3) and 100 cm DTB with turmeric (T4). For annual crops (ginger and turmeric) the treatments were sole field (T0) and four distance regimes (50, 100, 150 and 200 cm) from the lemon tree base in agroforestry systems. The results of the study revealed that the yield of seasonal crops decreased and the yield of annual crops and perennial trees increased in agroforestry than respective sole cropping systems. The yield performance of crops component was significantly decreased with the decreasing distance towards tree base in agroforestry systems. The economic analysis showed that the net return, benefit-cost ratio (BCR) and land equivalent ratio (LER) was higher in the lemon-based agroforestry system than sole cropping. Therefore, the cultivation of cabbage, broccoli, okra, ginger and turmeric under lemon-based agroforestry systems are economically profitable.

scholarly journals Intercropping Twice of Corn with Cassava to Supply the Feed of Biomass in Eastern Mount Kawi of Malang Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 (337) ◽  
pp. 26-31
Author(s):  
Yudi Widodo ◽  
Sri Wahyuningsih ◽  
Made Jana Mejaya ◽  
Yuliantoro Baliadi
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Cattle Manure ◽  
Land Equivalent Ratio ◽  
Fresh Biomass ◽  
Equivalent Ratio ◽  
Sole Cropping ◽  
Planting Distance

Abstract Three treatments were tested with four replications at RCBD, namely cassava monoculture, corn twice under cassava intercropping, and corn with corn monoculture where the second corn was planted 5 days after harvested. Planting distance of cassava in monoculture was 100x100 cm, and in intercropping was 200x50 cm, by which corn was planted in 50x30 cm, 1 seed per hole. All plots received dairy cattle manure 5 t ha-1. Fertilizer applied for cassava was Urea 100 kg ha−1, Ponska 200 kg ha−1 and KCl 100 kg ha−1 split into two applications two weeks after cassava planting, then when first of corn was harvested. Corn fertilization was Ponska 150 kg ha−1 + Urea 100 kg ha−1 every 3 months and split into two applications: 1 week and 4 weeks after corn was planted. Cassava and twice corn fertilization was Urea 300 kg ha−1 + Phonska 400 kg ha−1 + KCl 100 kg ha−1. Results showed that cassava monoculture can be improved by inserting of twice corn in between rows. Under sole cropping cassava, the B/C ratio was the highest 1.61, however with incorporating twice of corn the B/C ratio was 1.58. Intercropping cassava and twice of corn resulted in the Land Equivalent Ratio 2.146. By intercropping cassava with corn twice at the end of dry season, there was an opportunity to find corn biomass for dairy cattle. Under intercropping, cassava was able to produce 21.5 t ha−1 of fresh roots, while first and second of corn produced fresh biomass of 34 t ha−1 and 28 t ha−1 respectively.

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