Size and Shape of Plots for Estimating Yield Losses from Cereal Foliage Diseases

1973 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. C. James ◽  
C. S. Shih
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Yield Variability ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Leaf Blotch ◽  
Size And Shape ◽  
Plot Size ◽  
Uniformity Trials

SUMMARYData from uniformity trials on healthy and diseased wheat and oat crops showed that the coefficient of variation for yield decreased as plot size increased and became nearer to square in shape. Infection with Septoria leaf blotch of oats and powdery mildew of wheat did not appear to affect yield variability. Plots larger than rod row size (where 16 ft of the centre row of 3 rows is harvested) are recommended to detect differences of 10 per cent in yield between two treatments.

THE PRECISION OF FIELD EXPERIMENTS WITH VEGETABLE CROPS AS INFLUENCED BY PLOT AND BLOCK SIZE AND SHAPE.: II. CANNING PEAS

1960 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 396-404
Author(s):  
I. L. Nonnecke
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Block Size ◽  
Yield Variability ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Optimum Size ◽  
Size And Shape ◽  
Plot Size ◽  
Effect On Yield ◽  
Block Sizes ◽  
Uniform Reduction

In 1957, vine and shelled pea weights of canning peas from an irrigated uniformity trial were recorded to determine the effect on yield variability of varying plot and block sizes and shapes. The most uniform reduction in variation occurred in block shapes of one plot long and six plots wide with each increase in plot length. These results agree with those of other workers, that long, narrow blocks are more efficient than square blocks. The optimum plot size was found to be 5 feet long and 10 feet wide. Considerably more shelled peas were required for processing than could be obtained from the optimum size of plot for yield.

scholarly journals Variability and Experimental Desing for Trials with Cucurbita pepo and Capsicum annuum

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 58
Author(s):  
Alessandro D. Lúcio ◽  
Daniel Santos ◽  
Tiago Olivoto
Keyword(s):  
Capsicum Annuum ◽  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Cucurbita Pepo ◽  
Homogeneity Test ◽  
Plot Size ◽  
Homogeneity Of Variances ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Variance Homogeneity ◽  
Variability Data ◽  
Uniformity Trials

The variability within rows of cultivation may reduce the accuracy of vegetables trails; however, little is known about this variability in protected environments. This study aimed at to assess the variability in greenhouses cultivated with Cucurbita pepo and Capsicum annuum and to verify the effect of borders use and plot size in minimizing this variability. Data from two uniformity trials each crop were used. For statistical analysis, the total of productivity by plant was used, considering the plants arranged in parallel crop rows the lateral openings of the greenhouse and the same plants arranged in columns perpendicular to these openings. Different scenarios were designed by excluding rows and columns to generate the borders in different plot sizes. For each scenario, a variance homogeneity test was performed among the remaining rows and columns and the variance and coefficient of variation were calculated. There is variability among rows and columns in trials with C. pepo and C. annuum in greenhouses and the use of borders does not bring benefits in terms of reduction of the coefficient of variation or reduction of cases of variances heterogeneity among rows or columns. The use of a plot size greater than or equal to or two plants for trials with C. pepo and ten plants for trials with C. annuum provides homogeneity of variances among rows and columns enabling the use of the completely randomized design.

scholarly journals Optimum size and shape of plots based on data from a uniformity trial on Indian Mustard in Haryana

MAUSAM ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-74
Author(s):  
MUJAHID KHAN ◽  
R. C. HASIJA ◽  
NITIN TANWAR
Keyword(s):  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Indian Mustard ◽  
Soil Heterogeneity ◽  
Basic Unit ◽  
Yield Data ◽  
Size And Shape ◽  
Plot Size ◽  
Yield Trial ◽  
Cent Decrease

The most obvious use of uniformity trial data is to provide information on the most suitable size and shape of plots, in which the field was planted to a single variety and harvested as small plots. Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.) cultivar RH-749 was grown using uniform crop improvement practices during rabi season of 2013-14 at Research Farm of Oilseed section, Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, CCSHAU, Hisar, Haryana state, India, to estimate optimum plot size and shape using yield data of the 48 m × 48 m (2304 basic units) recorded separately from each basic unit of 1 m × 1 m. The variability among plots of different sizes and shapes was determined by calculating coefficient of variation. It was observed that the coefficient of variation decreases as the plot size increases in case of both the directions i.e., when plots were elongated in N-S direction (88 per cent decrease) or elongated in E-W direction         (93 per cent decrease). Further it was observed that long and narrow plots elongated in E-W direction were more useful than the compact and square plots in controlling the soil heterogeneity. Based on the maximum curvature method the optimum plot size for yield trial was estimated to be 5 m2 with rectangular shape.  

scholarly journals Plot Size and Number of Replications for Evaluation of the Yield of Grains in Cultivars and Dates of Sowing of Rye

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriela Görgen Chaves ◽  
Alberto Cargnelutti Filho ◽  
Cláudia Marques de Bem ◽  
Cirineu Tolfo Bandeira ◽  
Daniela Lixinski Silveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secale Cereale ◽  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Tukey Test ◽  
Plot Size ◽  
Maximum Curvature ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Secale Cereale L ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Uniformity Trials ◽  
Variation Model

The objectives of this study were to determine the optimum plot size (Xo) and the number of replications to evaluate the grains yield of rye (Secale cereale L.) and investigate the variability of Xo between two cultivars and three sowing dates. Eighteen uniformity trials were conducted with rye. The Xo was determined by the method of maximum curvature of the coefficient of variation model. The number of repetitions was determined in scenarios formed by combinations of i treatments (i = 3, 4, ... 50) and d minimum differences between means of treatments to be detected as significant at 0.05 of probability, by Tukey test, expressed in percentage of the average of the experiment (d = 10, 12, ... 30%). There is variability in optimum plot size to evaluate the grains yield among the cultivars BRS Progresso and Temprano and among sowing dates in the rye crop. The optimum plot size to evaluate the grains yield of rye is 6.08 m2. Seven replicates are sufficient to evaluate the grains yield of rye in experiments with up to 50 treatments, and identify, as significant at 5% probability by Tukey test, differences among averages of treatments of 29.65% of the mean of the experiment in designs completely randomized and randomized block.

scholarly journals Plot size and replications number for triticale experiments

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcos Toebe ◽  
Alberto Cargnelutti Filho ◽  
Anderson Chuquel Mello ◽  
Rafael Rodrigues de Souza ◽  
Franciéle dos Santos Soares ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Human Food ◽  
Tukey Test ◽  
Plot Size ◽  
Maximum Curvature ◽  
Experimental Area ◽  
Uniformity Trials

ABSTRACT: The hybridization between wheat and rye crops resulted in the triticale crop, which presents rusticity, versatility in animal and human food and possibility of use as a cover plant. The objective of this research was to determine the optimal plot size and the replications number to evaluate the fresh weight of triticale in two evaluation moments. An experiment was carried out with the triticale cultivar IPR111. The experimental area was divided into 48 uniformity trials, each containing 36 basic experimental units of 0.51 m2. The fresh weight was evaluated in 24 uniformity trials at 99 days after sowing (DAS) and in 24 uniformity trials at 127 DAS. The optimal plot size was determined by the method of the maximum curvature of the coefficient of variation and the replications number was determined in scenarios of treatments number and differences between means to be detected as significant by Tukey test. To determine the fresh weight of triticale, the optimal plot size is 3.12 m2, with coefficient of variation of 13.69%. Six replications are sufficient to identify as significant, differences between treatment means of 25% for experiments with up to seven treatments and of 30% for experiments with up to 28 treatments, regardless of the experimental design.

scholarly journals Plot size and number of replications in Sudan grass

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 783
Author(s):  
Alberto Cargnelutti Filho ◽  
Cirineu Tolfo Bandeira ◽  
Gabriela Görgen Chaves ◽  
Jéssica Andiara Kleinpaul ◽  
Rafael Vieira Pezzini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Iterative Process ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Sudan Grass ◽  
Plot Size ◽  
Maximum Curvature ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Uniformity Trials

The aim of this study was to determine the optimal plot size and the number of replications to evaluate fresh weight in Sudan grass [Sorghum sudanense (Piper) Stapf.]. Twenty-six uniformity trials were carried out in two cultivars (BRS Estribo and CG Farrapo), in four sowing seasons (20 Dec, 20 Jan, 7 Feb and 24 Feb) and two methods for evaluating fresh weight (cutting and at flowering). The fresh weight was evaluated in 936 basic experimental units (BEU) (26 trials × 36 BEU per trial). One BEU comprised three rows of plants, 1 m in length (1.2 m2). The optimal plot size was determined using the maximum curvature method of the model of the coefficient of variation. For experiments in a completely randomised or randomised block design, in combinations of number of treatments and levels of experimental precision, the number of replications was determined by an iterative process. The optimal plot size to evaluate fresh weight in Sudan grass is 7.95 m2. Eight replications, to evaluate up to 50 treatments in a completely randomised or randomised block design, are sufficient to identify as significant at 0.05% probability by Tukey’s test, differences between the mean value of each treatment of 30.2% of the mean value of the experiment.

scholarly journals Plot size and number of replicates in times of sowing and cuts of millet

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cláudia Burin ◽  
Alberto Cargnelutti Filho ◽  
Bruna M. Alves ◽  
Marcos Toebe ◽  
Jéssica A. Kleinpaul
Keyword(s):  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Iterative Process ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Probability Level ◽  
Fresh Matter ◽  
Tukey Test ◽  
Plot Size ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Uniformity Trials

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to determine the optimum plot size (Xo) and number of replicates to evaluate millet shoot fresh matter in times of sowing and cuts. Uniformity trials of 6 × 4 m (24 m2) were carried out in three sowing times, in the agricultural year of 2013-2014. Each uniformity trial was divided into 24 basic experimental units (BEU) of 1 × 1 m (1 m2) and the shoot fresh matter of plants in each BEU was weighed. The Xo was determined by the method of maximum curvature of the coefficient of variation model. The number of replicates for experiments in completely randomized and randomized block design, in scenarios of combinations of i treatments (i = 3, 4, ..., 50) and d minimal differences between treatment means, to be detected as significant at 0.05 probability level by Tukey test, expressed in percentage of the experiment mean (d = 10, 12, ..., 30%), was determined by iterative process until convergence. The optimum plot size to evaluate millet shoot fresh matter is 4.97 m2, for the three times of sowing and cuts. For the evaluation of up to 50 treatments, in completely randomized and randomized block design, five replicates are sufficient to identify as significant, at 0.05 probability level by Tukey test, differences between treatment means of 28.66% of the mean of the experiment.

scholarly journals Size of uniformity trials for estimating the optimum plot size for vegetables

2015 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 388-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diogo V Schwertner ◽  
Alessandro D Lúcio ◽  
Alberto Cargnelutti Filho
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Plot Size ◽  
Maximum Curvature ◽  
Snap Beans ◽  
Autumn And Winter ◽  
Fruit Mass ◽  
Uniformity Trials ◽  
Variation Model

The aim of this work was to determine the uniformity trial size for estimating the optimum plot size in order to evaluate the fruit mass of tomato, snap-beans and zucchini. The mass of fruits was evaluated in uniformity trials with tomato grown in plastic tunnel in spring-summer and autumn-winter seasons, with snap-beans in plastic greenhouse in autumn-winter season and, with zucchini in plastic greenhouse in summer-autumn and winter-spring seasons. These data were used for planning different sizes of uniformity trials and resampling with replacement was used to estimate the optimum plot size by the method of maximum curvature of the coefficient of variation model. The size of uniformity trials influences the estimation of the optimum plot size for evaluating the mass of fruits of tomato, snap-beans and zucchini. Uniformity trials with tomato with 12 basic experimental units (12 plants) and with snap-beans with 21 basic experimental units (42 plants) are enough for estimating the optimum plot size for evaluating the mass of fruits in plastic tunnel with a confidence interval of 95% minor or equal to two basic experimental units. Uniformity trials with snap-beans with 18 basic experimental units (36 plants) and with zucchini with ten basic experimental units (ten plants) in plastic greenhouse are enough for estimating the optimum plot size for evaluating the mass of fruits with a confidence interval of 95% minor or equal to three basic experimental units.

Non-sward densities for the assessment of yield in Italian ryegrass: II. Convenient plot and block size and shape

1968 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. England
Keyword(s):  
Block Size ◽  
Italian Ryegrass ◽  
The Other ◽  
Size And Shape ◽  
Plot Size ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Uniformity Trials

SUMMARYTwo uniformity trials were carried out, one using S. 22 and the other Irish Italian ryegrass. In both trials the plants were grown at 6 in spacing and were harvested in basic units of 1 yd. If no allowance was made for guard rows the smallest plots were the most efficient in that they required a smaller total area of ground and fewer plants to detect a specified difference. For comparative purposes, the size of trial required to detect a difference of 7% of the mean was used. Allowing for 1 guard row round each plot, 2 yd plots were as efficient as those of 1 yd and had the advantage of requiring fewer replications. The effects of plot and block shape were considerable. In general long narrow plots in short wide blocks were more efficient. The choice of plot and block shape is most important. For a given plot size a poor shape may be less than half as efficient as a good one.

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