BIOLOGICAL N2 FIXATION AND MINERAL N IN COMMON BEAN–MAIZE INTERCROPPING OR SOLE CROPPING IN SOUTHEASTERN BRAZIL

2007 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 319-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. J. B. N. CARDOSO ◽  
M. A. NOGUEIRA ◽  
S. M. G. FERRAZ
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Maize Yield ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
Biological N2 Fixation ◽  
Sole Cropping ◽  
Bean Yield ◽  
Equivalent Yield

The aim of this work was to assess the effects of N levels and intercropping of two common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) varieties (Carioca and Rio Tibagi) with maize (Zea mays) on accumulated N, grain yield and biomass of both crops, and nodulation of common bean inoculated or not with Rhizobium. Two field experiments were conducted simultaneously: common bean–maize intercropping and common bean in sole cropping. Intercropping increased common bean nodulation and biomass, mainly with Rhizobium, but mineral N was deleterious to nodulation. Inoculation also increased the Carioca cultivar yield most in sole cropping (+72%), but N levels did not affect common bean yield in either cultivar. Although intercropping reduced maize grain yield by 17%, the equivalent yield increased by 31%, whilst Rhizobium increased it by 11%. Despite the reduction of maize yield in intercropping, this system was shown to be more economically viable, in particular when common bean was inoculated with Rhizobium.

scholarly journals Effect of row arrangement of common bean with maize intercropping on yield and economic benefit of component crops under Gimbo and Guraferda, Kaffa and Bench Maji zones, South Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-27
Author(s):  
M Mogiso ◽  
N Nazib
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Economic Benefit ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Maize Yield ◽  
Use Of Resources ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Bean Yield ◽  
Cropping Seasons

The yield advantage obtained due to intercropping is attributed to a better use of resources by crops grown in combinations, as compared to sole stands. Field experiment conducted at Gimbo and Guraferda during 2017 and 2018 cropping seasons in order to determine the appropriate intercropping row arrangement on maize-common bean yield and economic advantages of the cropping system. Maize variety BH-540 and common bean variety Hawassa dume were used as test crop. The experiment used four treatments (sole maize, sole common bean, 1:1 maizecommon bean and 1:2 maize-common bean intercropping) arranged in a randomized complete block design with four replications. Grain yield of the component crops were significantly varied by locations. The highest maize yield was recorded at Guraferda than Gimbo; whereas, common bean yielded better at Guraferda than at Gimbo. The combined mean grain yield of maize and common bean was significantly (p<0.05) higher for sole stands than intercropping. The highest yield of 6545.7 and 5570.6 kg ha-1 was obtained from sole maize at Guraferda and Gimbo locations, respectively. On the other hand, the highest yield of 3407.2 and 2638.0 kg ha-1 was obtained from growing sole common bean at Gimbo and Guraferda locations, respectively. The yield obtained from 1:1 maize-common bean intercropping was statistically same with sole maize yield at Guraferda. The highest LER of 1.62 and 1.52 with MAI of 15,268.05 and 13.695.90 ETB ha-1 obtained from 1:1 maize-common bean intercropping at Guraferda and Gimbo locations, respectively. Generally, growing 1:1 maize-common bean intercropping found to be more productive and economically profitable than others. Hence, a one row common bean intercropped between the two rows of maize can be recommended in the lowlands of Gimbo and Guraferda areas. Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. Tech. 10(1): 22-27, June 2020

Indigenous rhizobial strains SEMIA 4108 and SEMIA 4107 for common bean inoculation: A biotechnological tool for cleaner and more sustainable agriculture

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Bruno Britto Lisboa ◽  
Thomas Müller Schmidt ◽  
Arthur Henrique Ely Thomé ◽  
Raul Antonio Sperotto ◽  
Camila Gazolla Volpiano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Rhizobium Phaseoli ◽  
Productivity Losses ◽  
Bean Plants ◽  
Rrna Sequencing ◽  
Low Efficiency ◽  
Type Strains ◽  
Common Bean Plants

Summary Inoculation of symbiotic N2-fixing rhizobacteria (rhizobia) in legumes is an alternative to reduce synthetic N fertiliser input to crops. Even though common bean benefits from the biological N2 fixation carried out by native rhizobia isolates, the low efficiency of this process highlights the importance of screening new strains for plant inoculation. Two rhizobial strains (SEMIA 4108 and SEMIA 4107) previously showed great potential to improve the growth of common beans under greenhouse conditions. Thus, this study evaluated the growth and grain yield of common bean plants inoculated with those strains in field experiments. The rhizobial identification was performed by 16S rRNA sequencing and the phylogeny showed that SEMIA 4108 and SEMIA 4107 are closely related to Rhizobium phaseoli, within a clade containing other 18 Rhizobium spp. type strains. Common bean plants inoculated with SEMIA 4107 showed similar productivity to N-fertilised (N+) plants in the first experiment (2016/17) and higher productivity in the second experiment (2018/19). The development of inoculated plants was different from that observed for N+. Nonetheless, comparing inoculated treatments with N-fertilised control, no yield or productivity losses at the end of the growing process were detected. Our results showed that inoculation of the rhizobial isolates SEMIA 4108 and SEMIA 4107 improved the growth and grain yield of common bean plants. The observed agronomical performance confirms that both strains were effective and can sustain common bean growth without nitrogen fertilisation under the edaphoclimatic conditions of this study.

scholarly journals Residual Effect of Poultry Manure and Mineral N Application on Maize Production under Wheat-Maize Cropping System

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (9) ◽  
pp. 1061
Author(s):  
Syed Azam Shah ◽  
Wisal Mohammad ◽  
Haroon Haroon ◽  
Adnan Anwar Khan
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Poultry Manure ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Organic N ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
1000 Grain Weight

The study was designed to asses the residual effect of organic N (Poultry Manure) and mineral N on maize crop in field experiments carried out on silty clay loam soil at NIFA, Tarnab, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) Pakistan during 2014-15. Combined dose of N from both sources were 120 kg ha-1 applied to wheat crop alone and in different combination making six treatments. Maize variety (Azam) was sown in Randomized complete block (RCB) design with four replications. Agronomic data, grains ear-1, 1000 grain weight, biomass grain yield data, N-uptake in maize grain and straw were recorded. Results showed that maximum grain ear−1, 1000 grain weight, biomass and grain yield was obtained from treatment where 25% N applied from poultry manure + 75% from mineral N source applied to previous wheat crop. Agronomic efficiency and nitrogen use efficiency were also found maximum in treatment where 75% poultry manure + 25% mineral N was applied. It was concluded from the study that residual effect of organic manure with mineral N in different ratios enhances crop productivity and soil fertility.

scholarly journals Production and Nutrient Accumulation of Common Bean Cultivars under Competition with Weed

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.G. COELHO ◽  
L.P. DALVI ◽  
L.S.G. OLIVEIRA ◽  
F.L. OLIVEIRA
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Nutrient Accumulation ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Crop Cycle ◽  
Bean Yield ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

ABSTRACT: Improper management of weeds is one of the causes of low bean yield, as it is very susceptible to interference due to their slow initial growth. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of dayflower on grain yield and nutrient accumulation of bean cultivars. The experiment was carried out in a screened house, in 5 L pots, in a 2 x 4 factorial scheme. Factor 1 corresponded to the presence or absence of weeds, and factor 2 bean cultivars: BRS Pontal, BRS Agreste, BRS Ametista and BRS Estilo. The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design with five replications. The coexistence of bean and weed was maintained throughout the crop cycle. Chlorophyll content, number of pods per plant, number of grains per plant, nutrients contents (N - nitrogen, P - phosphorus, K - potassium, Ca - calcium, Mg - magnesium, Mn - manganese, Fe - iron and Zn - zinc) in grains were evaluated. Competition with weeds negatively influenced chlorophyll content, number of pods, yield and N content in grains. The interaction was significant to P, Mg and Fe contents in grains, demonstrating that competition with weeds may impair allocation of these nutrients, resulting in grains of inferior nutritional quality. The cultivar BRS Agreste was more efficient to accumulate P and Mg in grains in competition with dayflower.

scholarly journals Leaf Removal Affects Maize Morphology and Grain Yield

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guangzhou Liu ◽  
Yunshan Yang ◽  
Wanmao Liu ◽  
Xiaoxia Guo ◽  
Jun Xue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Photosynthetic Capacity ◽  
Maize Yield ◽  
Light Distribution ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Leaf Removal ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Source Sink

Increasing planting density is an important practice associated with increases in maize yield, but densely planted maize can suffer from poor light conditions. In our two-year field experiments, two morphologically different cultivars, ZD958 (less compact) and DH618 (more compact), were planted at 120,000 plants ha−1 and 135,000 plants ha−1, respectively. We established different leaf area index (LAI) treatments by removing leaves three days after silking: (1) control, no leaves removed (D0); (2) the two uppermost leaves removed (D1); (3) the four uppermost leaves removed (D2); (4) the leaves below the third leaf below the ear removed (D3); (5) the leaves of D1 and D3 removed (D4); (6) the leaves of D2 and D3 removed (D5). Optimal leaf removal improved light distribution, increased photosynthetic capacity and the post-silking source-sink ratio, and thus the grain yield, with an average LAI of 5.9 (5.6 and 6.2 for ZD958 and DH618, respectively) for the highest yields in each year. Therefore, less-compact cultivars should have smaller or fewer topmost leaves or leaves below the ear that quickly senesce post-silking, so as to decrease leaf area and thus improve light distribution and photosynthetic capacity in the canopy under dense planting conditions. However, for more compact cultivars, leaves below the ear should senesce quickly after silking to reduce leaf respiration and improve the photosynthetic capacity of the remaining top residual leaves. In future maize cultivation, compact cultivars with optimal post-silking LAI should be adopted when planting densely.

Management of Cogongrass (Imperata cylindrica) with Velvetbean (Mucuna pruriens var. utilis) and Herbicides

1999 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Udensi E. Udensi ◽  
I. Okezie Akobundu ◽  
Albert O. Ayeni ◽  
David Chikoye
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Maize Yield ◽  
Imperata Cylindrica ◽  
Mucuna Pruriens ◽  
Maize Grain Yield ◽  
Maize Grain ◽  
Herbicide Effects ◽  
Density And Biomass ◽  
Annual Weeds

Field experiments were conducted in 1992 to 1993 and in 1995 to 1996 in Ibadan, Nigeria, to assess the effect of velvetbean and herbicides on maize (corn) and cogongrass growth and to assess regrowth of the weed 1 yr after treatment. In 1992 and 1995 cover cropping with velvetbean and imazapyr and glyphosate application reduced cogongrass density as much as the handweeded control. The smothering effect of velvetbean was equivalent to that of glyphosate at 1.8 kg/ha but was less than imazapyr even at the lowest rate of 0.5 kg/ha. Addition of adjuvant did not improve the efficacy of either herbicide. Maize grain yield was higher in velvetbean plots than in fallow plots dominated by cogongrass. Velvetbean and herbicide effects on cogongrass 1 yr later (1993 and 1996) followed a similar trend as observed in the year of application. Annual weed density was highest in glyphosate plots, followed by imazapyr, and least in plots previously seeded to velvetbean. Maize grain yield was higher in herbicide plots (average yield of 3,170 and 1,920 kg/ha in 1993 and 1996, respectively) than in velvetbean plots (2,800 to 1,180 kg/ha in 1993 and 1996, respectively) and handweeded plots (2,890 and 723 kg/ha in 1993 and 1996, respectively). In 1996 the lowest maize yield was in handweeded plots without velvetbean, suggesting that weeding four times suppressed cogongrass density and biomass, but was not sufficient to minimize the subsequent competition from annual weeds. Uncontrolled cogongrass reduced maize yield to zero. These studies suggest that planting velvetbean for cogongrass control may be a better alternative for farmers without the resources to purchase herbicides.

scholarly journals Response of the common bean to liquid fertilizer and Rhizobium tropici inoculation

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (6supl2) ◽  
pp. 2967-2976
Author(s):  
José Geraldo da Silva ◽  
◽  
Enderson Petrônio de Brito Ferreira ◽  
Virgínia Damin ◽  
Adriano Stephan Nascente ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Rhizobium Tropici ◽  
Seed Inoculation ◽  
The Common ◽  
Application Depth ◽  
Liquid Fertilization

The common bean production system is majorly based on the use of granular fertilizers to provide nutrients for the crop. Studies on the use of liquid fertilization at an appropriated depth and, seed inoculation with Rhizobium tropici can provide significant increases in the grain yield of the common bean. The objective of this study was to determine the growth and productivity of common bean as affected by N-P formulations, application depths and the inoculation with R. tropici. Field experiments were carried out in 2015 and 2016 cropping years using a complete block design, in a 2x2x2 factorial arrangement, with four replicates. The treatments involved the combination of N-P formulation (granular and liquid), two application depths of the N-P formulation (6 and 12 cm) and with or without rhizobia inoculant. The plant density (PD), number of pods (NP), number of grains (NG), mass of 100 grains (M100) and grain yield (GY) were determined. The granular and liquid N-P formulations provided similar results for PD, NP, NG, and GY of common bean. Similarly, the application depth of the N-P formulations did not affect GY. Inoculation of the seed with R. tropici stimulated NP and NG, increasing GY. Growth and productivity parameters were equally affected by the type of formulation and application depth; however, GY was greater with rhizobial inoculant. Thus, the liquid N-P formulation, applied at 6 cm depth, associated with rhizobial inoculant can improve the crop management providing better control of application uniformity, minimal soil mobilization, less fuel consumption, and increased grain yield.

scholarly journals Feasibility of Introducing Rice Based Four Crops Pattern in Rangpur Region of Bangladesh

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 116-126
Author(s):  
M Sh. Islam ◽  
Zakia Yesmin ◽  
MA Badshah ◽  
MA Ali
Keyword(s):  
General Practice ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Maize Yield ◽  
Potato Yield ◽  
Cropping Pattern ◽  
Cropping Intensity ◽  
Cropping Patterns ◽  
Net Return ◽  
Equivalent Yield ◽  
Crop System

An experiment was conducted at Bangladesh Rice Research Institute (BRRI) Farm at Rangpur during July 2014 - June 2016 to introduce a 4-crops pattern with the aim of increasing cropping intensity, productivity, income and soil fertility. The experimental design was RCB with 3 replications. Four cropping patterns were tested which were: CP1 = T. Aman (BRRI dhan62)-Potato (Cardinal)-Mungbean (BARI Mung-6)-T. Aus (BRRI dhan48), CP2 = T. Aman (BRRI dhan62)-Mustard (BARI Sorisha-14)-Mungbean (BARI Mung-6)-T. Aus (BRRI dhan48), Farmers’ improved practice (FIP) = T. Aman (BR11)-Potato (Cardinal)-Maize (NK 40) and Farmers’ general practice (FP) = T. Aman (BR11)-Boro (BRRI dhan28)- Fallow.  In T. Aman 2014, BRRI dhan62 produced  3.87 and 3.85 t ha-1 grain yields under CP1 & CP2 (4 crops systems), respectively; BR11 gave grain yield of 4.62 and 4.36 t ha-1 in FIP and FP (3 and 2 crop system), respectively. In T. Aman 2015, BRRI dhan62 produced grain yield of 4.23 and 4.19 t ha-1 in CP1 and CP2, and BR11 gave grain yield of 5.95 and 5.92 t ha-1 in FIP and FP, respectively. After T. Aman, potato yield was 24.66 t ha-1 in CP1 and 24.17 t ha-1 in FIP during 2014-15. In CP2, 2nd crop mustard yield was 1.16 t ha-1 and3rd crop mungbean yield was only 0.98 t ha-1.In CP1, 3rd crop mungbean yield was only 0.83 t ha-1. After potato in FIP, maize yield was 8.38 t ha-1. After T. Aman (BR11) in FP, grain yield of BRRI dhan28 was 5.42 t ha-1. The yield of BRRI dhan48 in CP1 and CP2 (as 4th crop) was 4.5 t ha-1. Similar results of different crops were obtained in 2015-16. The rice equivalent yield (REY) was found to be 30.05 & 35.95 t ha-1yr-1 in CP1 during 1st and 2nd yearfollowed by FIP (23.92 & 29.82 t ha-1yr-1, respectively). The REY was higher in 2nd year compared to 1st year. In 2014-15 the highest net return of Tk.2,42,560 ha-1 was observed in CP1 followed by FIP(Tk.1,58,380 ha-1); in 2015-16, the highest net return was in CP1 (Tk.2,16,960 ha-1) followed by FIP(Tk.1,24,620 ha-1). Potato based cropping pattern was thus, the most suitable and profitable pattern in this area. T. Aman (BRRI dhan62)-Potato (Cardinal)-Mungbean (BARI Mung-6)-T. Aus (BRRI dhan48) may, therefore, be the most suitable and profitable cropping pattern in medium high lands of Rangpur region. The Agriculturists 2017; 15(1) 116-126

EFFECT OF VARYING MAIZE DENSITIES ON INTERCROPPED MAIZE AND SOYBEAN IN NEPAL

2005 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 365-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. B. PRASAD ◽  
R. M. BROOK
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Light Transmission ◽  
Maize Yield ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Area Index ◽  
The University ◽  
On Farm ◽  
Photosynthetic Adaptation

Maize and soybean are commonly intercropped in the drier zones of the western mid-hills in Nepal, but farmers report that productivity of soybean has been declining in recent years. Two researcher managed on-farm field experiments were conducted in the mid-hills environment of Nepal during 2001 and 2002, and one glasshouse experiment at the University of Wales, Bangor during 2003, to determine whether varying densities of maize and soybean influenced productivity of the system and to what extent soybean exhibited adaptation to shade. In neither season was maize yield affected by the presence of soybean, but grain yield of soybean was reduced in mixture by means of 59 and 53% during 2001 and 2002 respectively. Biomass and grain yield of maize were greatest at 53×103 plants ha−1 and least at the lowest density, whilst conversely biomass and grain yield of soybean increased. With increasing maize density, rates of accumulation of dry matter and leaf area index also increased, the latter resulting in decreasing transmission of light to the intercropped soybean. Soybean exhibited no photosynthetic adaptation to shade, but the specific leaf area was greater in artificially shaded and intercropped plants. Land equivalent ratios of all intercrops were greater than unity (1.30 to 1.45), indicating higher efficiency of intercropping compared to sole crops. Given the low plasticity in response of the maize canopy to variations in density, it is suggested that soybean could be better grown under maize by increasing between-row spacing of maize from 0.75 to 1.0 m to improve light transmission to the understorey, resulting in higher overall productivity of the intercropping system, and also that soybean germplasm be screened for adaptation to shade.

scholarly journals COMMON BEAN YIELD AS AFFECTED BY IN FURROW FILLER LIMING AND NITROGEN TOPDRESSING1

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 857-866
Author(s):  
JOSÉ GERALDO DA SILVA ◽  
ENDERSON PETRÔNIO DE BRITO FERREIRA ◽  
ADRIANO STEPHAN NASCENTE
Keyword(s):  
Common Bean ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Bean Cultivar ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Common Bean Cultivar ◽  
Bean Yield ◽  
The Common

ABSTRACT The use of filler liming in the sowing furrow can improve the chemical characteristics of the soil and, together with nitrogen fertilization, increase common bean yield. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of filler liming of the sowing furrow along with nitrogen topdressing fertilization on the yield of common bean, cultivar Pérola, irrigated by central pivot, in the Cerrado Region. The field experiments were conducted for three consecutive cropping years, in a randomized block design with four replications, in a 2x4 factorial scheme, consisting of two doses of nitrogen topdressing fertilization (zero and 60 kg ha-1 of N) and four doses of filler liming application in the sowing furrow (0, 200, 400 and 600 kg ha-1 of CaCO3). The plant density (PD), number of pods (NP), number of grains (NG), mass of 100 grains (M100) and, grain yield (GY) were evaluated. The use of 60 kg ha-1 of N provided greater M100 and GY. The increase of the filler liming doses in the sowing furrow led to a reduction of the NP. The filler liming dose of 200 kg ha-1 provided higher values of NG and M100, and when combined with the nitrogen topdressing fertilization, improved the GY of the common bean.

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