NITROUS OXIDE AND CARBON DIOXIDE EMISSION FROM MAIZE (Zea maysL.) UNDER FERTILISER APPLICATION AND ELEVATED CARBON DIOXIDE IN NORTHWEST INDIA

2014 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 625-643
Author(s):  
A. DARIPA ◽  
A. BHATIA ◽  
R. TOMER ◽  
S. D. SINGH ◽  
N. JAIN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Indian Agricultural Research Institute ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emission ◽  
Maize Yield ◽  
Elevated Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Efficiency ◽  
Fertiliser Application ◽  
Northwest India

SUMMARYA field experiment was carried out at the farm of Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi to quantify the effect of elevated carbon dioxide (CO2) and different levels of N fertiliser application on nitrous oxide (N2O) and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from soil under maize. The experiment included five treatments: 60 kg N ha−1under ambient CO2(385 ppm) in open plots, 120 kg N ha−1under ambient CO2(385 ppm) in open plots, 160 kg N ha−1under ambient CO2(385 ppm) in open plots, 120 kg N ha−1under ambient CO2(385 ppm) in open top chambers (OTC) and 120 kg N ha−1under elevated CO2(500 ± 50 ppm) in the OTC. Peaks of N2O flux were observed after every dose of N application. Cumulative N2O emission was 13% lower under ambient CO2as compared to the elevated CO2concentrations. There was an increase in CO2emissions with application of N from 60 kg ha−1to 160 kg ha−1. Higher yield and root biomass was observed under higher N treatment (160 kg N ha−1). There was no significant increase in maize yield under elevated CO2as compared to ambient CO2. The carbon emitted was more than the carbon fixed under elevated CO2as compared to ambient CO2levels. The carbon efficiency ratio (C fixed/C emitted) was highest in ambient CO2treatment in the OTC.

Tidal rewetting in salt marshes triggers pulses of nitrous oxide emissions but slows carbon dioxide emission

2021 ◽  
Vol 156 ◽  
pp. 108197
Author(s):  
Hollie E. Emery ◽  
John H. Angell ◽  
Akaash Tawade ◽  
Robinson W. Fulweiler
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Salt Marshes ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emission ◽  
Nitrous Oxide Emissions

Modelling nitrous oxide and carbon dioxide emission from soil in an incubation experiment

Geoderma ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 167-168 ◽  
pp. 328-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongtao Xing ◽  
Enli Wang ◽  
Chris J. Smith ◽  
Denis Rolston ◽  
Qiang Yu
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emission ◽  
Incubation Experiment

The effectiveness of nitrification inhibitor application on grain yield and quality, fertiliser nitrogen recovery and soil nitrous oxide emissions in a legume–wheat rotation under elevated carbon dioxide (FACE)

Soil Research ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 145
Author(s):  
Humaira Sultana ◽  
Helen C. Suter ◽  
Roger Armstrong ◽  
Marc E. Nicolas ◽  
Deli Chen
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Copper Concentration ◽  
Nitrification Inhibitor ◽  
Elevated Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
N Concentration ◽  
Supplementary Irrigation ◽  
The Impact

Managing nitrogen (N) supply to better match crop demand and reduce losses will be an important goal under future predicted elevated carbon dioxide (e[CO2]) conditions. This study comprised two Free-Air Carbon dioxide Enrichment (FACE) experiments conducted in southern Australia in 2011. The first experiment (Exp-1) was a field experiment that investigated the impact of a nitrification inhibitor (NI), 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP), and supplementary irrigation on utilisation of legume (field pea) residual N by a wheat crop and soil nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions. The second experiment (Exp-2) used 15N techniques in soil cores to investigate the impact of DMPP on recovery of fertiliser N. In Exp-1, grain N concentration increased (by 12%, P < 0.001) with NI application compared with no NI application, irrespective of CO2 concentration ([CO2]) and supplementary irrigation. With NI application the grain N harvest index increased under e[CO2] (82%) compared with a[CO2] (79%). Applying the NI compensated for decreased grain copper concentration observed under e[CO2] conditions. NI had minimal effect on soil N2O emissions in the wheat crop regardless of [CO2]. In Exp-2, 65% (±1 standard error, n = 15) of the applied N fertiliser was recovered in the aboveground plant, irrespective of NI use. The use of a NI in a cereal–legume rotation may help to increase grain N concentration, increase the mobilisation of N towards the grain under e[CO2], and may also help to compensate for decreases in grain copper concentration under e[CO2]. However, use of a NI may not provide additional benefit for productivity or efficiency of N utilisation.

scholarly journals AMF Inoculation Can Enhance Yield of Transgenic Bt Maize and Its Control Efficiency Against Mythimna separata Especially Under Elevated CO2

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Long Wang ◽  
Xiaohui Wang ◽  
Fanqi Gao ◽  
Changning Lv ◽  
Likun Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Gene Expression ◽  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Concentration ◽  
Maize Yield ◽  
Elevated Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Mythimna Separata ◽  
Bt Toxin ◽  
Maize Leaves ◽  
Growth Development

The promotion and application of transgenic Bt crops provides an approach for the prevention and control of target lepidopteran pests and effectively relieves the environmental pressure caused by the massive usage of chemical pesticides in fields. However, studies have shown that Bt crops will face a new risk due to a decrease in exogenous toxin content under elevated carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration, thus negatively affecting the ecological sustainability of Bt crops. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are important beneficial microorganisms that can effectively improve the nutrient status of host plants and are expected to relieve the ecological risk of Bt crops under increasing CO2 due to global climate change. In this study, the Bt maize and its parental line of non-transgenic Bt maize were selected and inoculated with a species of AMF (Funneliformis caledonium, synonyms: Glomus caledonium), in order to study the secondary defensive chemicals and yield of maize, and to explore the effects of F. caledonium inoculation on the growth, development, and reproduction of the pest Mythimna separata fed on Bt maize and non-Bt maize under ambient carbon dioxide concentration (aCO2) and elevated carbon dioxide concentration (eCO2). The results showed that eCO2 increased the AM fungal colonization, maize yield, and foliar contents of jasmonic acid (JA) and salicylic acid (SA), but decreased foliar Bt toxin content and Bt gene expression in Bt maize leaves. F. caledonium inoculation increased maize yield, foliar JA, SA contents, Bt toxin contents, and Bt gene expression in Bt maize leaves, and positively improved the growth, development, reproduction, and food utilization of the M. separata fed on non-Bt maize. However, F. caledonium inoculation was unfavorable for the fitness of M. separata fed on Bt maize, and the effect was intensified when combined with eCO2. It is indicated that F. caledonium inoculation had adverse effects on the production of non-Bt maize due to the high potential risk of population occurrence of M. separata, while it was just the opposite for Bt maize. Therefore, this study confirms that the AMF can increase the yield and promote the expression levels of its endogenous (JA, SA) and exogenous (Bt toxin) secondary defense substances of Bt maize under eCO2, and finally can enhance the insect resistance capacity of Bt crops, which will help ensure the sustainable utilization and safety of Bt crops under climate change.

Solution of Global Elevated Carbon Dioxide Emission—A Comprehensive Technique and Methodology for Quantification

2019 ◽  
pp. 125-148
Author(s):  
Maniruzzaman A. Aziz ◽  
Khairul Anuar Kassim ◽  
Wan Azelee Wan Abu Bakar ◽  
Nurul Hidayah Muslim ◽  
Azman Mohamed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emission ◽  
Elevated Carbon Dioxide

scholarly journals Does Industrial Agglomeration Promote Carbon Efficiency? A Spatial Econometric Analysis and Fractional-Order Grey Forecasting

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Zuoren Sun ◽  
Yi Liu
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Spatial Correlation ◽  
Fractional Order ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emission ◽  
Spillover Effects ◽  
Service Industries ◽  
Industrial Agglomeration ◽  
Spatial Econometric ◽  
Carbon Efficiency ◽  
Grey Forecasting

In theory, the industrial agglomeration is a double-edged sword as there are both positive and negative externalities. China’s cities, with great disparities on degrees of the industrial agglomeration, often face different energy and carbon dioxide emission problems, which raise the question whether the industrial agglomeration promotes or inhibits energy efficiency and carbon dioxide emission. This paper explored the effects of the industrial agglomeration on carbon efficiency in China. Spatial econometric methods were implemented using panel data (2007–2016) of 285 cities above the prefecture level. The results revealed that industrial agglomerations have significant impacts on the urban carbon efficiency with significant spatial spillover effects. The agglomerations of the manufacturing and high-end productive service industries take positive effects on carbon efficiency while the low-end productive and living service industries take negative effects. As a comparison, we found that the agglomeration effects at the level of the megalopolis are greater than those at the national level, especially for the living services industry, in which the higher levels of agglomeration make the effects on carbon efficiency change from negative to positive. The divisions of labor for the central and common cities in the megalopolises are integrated into the industrial agglomeration. Furthermore, the fractional-order grey forecasting model is used in this paper. By the virtue of its advantage in dealing with small sample data which lack statistical rules, this paper makes an out-of-sample prediction of carbon efficiency and industrial agglomeration degree of Chinese cities. By adding the predicted results to the spatial correlation test, new evidence on the spatial correlation of carbon efficiency and spatial division of labor between cities is obtained. Based on the empirical results of the present study, we have proposed some policy recommendations.

scholarly journals Elevated carbon dioxide stimulates nitrous oxide emission in agricultural soils: A global meta-analysis

Pedosphere ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-14
Author(s):  
Yilin DU ◽  
Xinyu GUO ◽  
Jinxing LI ◽  
Yuankun LIU ◽  
Jipeng LUO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Elevated Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Nitrous Oxide Emission

Life cycle assessment of greenhouse gas emissions from irrigated maize and their significance in the value chain

2008 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim Grant ◽  
Tom Beer
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Soil Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Fertiliser Application ◽  
On Farm

The life cycle assessment component of this multi-institutional project determined greenhouse gas emissions in pre-farm, on-farm and post-farm activities involved in the use of maize for the manufacture of corn chips. When the emissions were expressed in terms of carbon dioxide-equivalents (CO2-e), pre-farm emissions comprised ~6% of the life cycle emissions, on-farm activities comprised ~36% and post-farm activities accounted for ~58% of life cycle greenhouse gas emissions. We used one 400 g packet of corn chips as the functional unit. The single largest source of greenhouse emissions was the emission of nitrous oxide on the farm as a result of fertiliser application (0.126 kg CO2-e per packet). The next largest was electricity used during the manufacture of the corn chips (0.086 kg CO2-e per packet). The manufacture of the packaging (box plus packet, being 0.06 kg CO2-e) was the next largest source and then the oil for frying the corn chips (0.048 kg CO2-e per packet). Greenhouse gas emissions from fertiliser application were primarily nitrous oxide (N2O), which has a global warming potential of 310 kg CO2-e/kg N2O. In typical irrigated farm systems, these emissions, when converted to CO2-e, are almost three times more than the greenhouse gas emissions that result from energy used to pump water. However, pumping irrigation water from deep bores currently produces greenhouse gas emissions that are almost three times those from irrigation using surface waters. Greenhouse gas emissions from the use of tractors on typical farms are about one-third of the emissions from pumping water. Farm management techniques can be used to increase soil carbon and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. If farms that currently burn stubble were to implement stubble incorporation then, in the absence of other changes to the supply chain, they will achieve a 30% reduction in emissions from ‘cradle to farm-gate’. In absolute terms, when the soil carbon dioxide is included (even though soil carbon dioxide in this instance is not counted as a greenhouse gas in national and international greenhouse gas inventories), our measurements indicate that carbon dioxide and greenhouse gas emissions from farms that produce maize using stubble incorporation are 56% lower than emissions from farms that burn their stubble. The pre-farm and on-farm operations add $0.40 value per kg of CO2-e greenhouse gas emitted. Post-farm processing added $2 value per kg of CO2-e greenhouse gas emitted. Processing maize for corn chips emitted more greenhouse gases than processing the same amount of corn for starch or ethanol.

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