scholarly journals Genetic variation of wild mouse populations in southern Germany: II. Serological study

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felipe Figueroa ◽  
Zofia Zaleska-Rutczynska ◽  
Sabine Adolph ◽  
Joseph H. Nadeau ◽  
Jan Klein
Keyword(s):  
Wild Mouse ◽  
Antigenic Determinants ◽  
Private Allele ◽  
Wild Mice ◽  
Southern Germany ◽  
Individual Determinants ◽  
Allele Specific ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Antigenic Profile

SUMMARYA total of 207 wild mice trapped at different localities in southern Germany were tested for the presence of antigenic determinants controlled by class I genes (K and D) of the H-2 complex. The test was based on the complement-dependent killing of lymphocytes in the micro-cytotoxicity assay. Both private (allele-specific) and public (shared) determinants were tested using polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies. The results of the H-2 typing were in agreement with karyological typing which divided the sampled mice into 5 populations. Each population was characterized by a certain antigenic profile (occurrence of individual determinants at certain frequencies); the profiles of the individual populations were sufficiently unique to differentiate these populations but at the same time sufficiently similar to indicate common origin of the populations. The karyological typing of the same mice reveals that all 5 populations share 1 pair of metacentric chromosomes, Rb(4.12)1Tu, but that, in addition, each population has at least one metacentric chromosome differentiating it from other populations. We interpret these findings as evidence that all wild mice in southern Germany stem from a common stock in which the Rb(4.12)1Tu translocation became fixed and which subsequently differentiated into the individual populations. This differentiation is accompanied by the fixation of new Robertsonian translocations (different ones in different populations) and the acquisition of characteristic H-2 antigenic profiles.

scholarly journals Genetic variation of wild mouse populations in southern Germany: I. Cytogenetic study

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabine Adolph ◽  
Jan Klein
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Rare Variants ◽  
Cytogenetic Study ◽  
Wild Mouse ◽  
Mus Domesticus ◽  
Homozygous State ◽  
Wild Mice ◽  
Southern Germany ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
The Individual

SUMMARYSome 400 wild mice (Mus domesticus) from southern Germany (the triangle formed by the cities Tübingen, Heidenheim and Friedrichshafen) were karyotyped and, in 243 of them, the chromosome compositions were determined by banding techniques. Virtually all mice tested carried at least one pair of metacentric chromosomes; some mice had up to ten metacentric chromosomes. Based on their chromosome composition, five mouse populations could be distinguished. Population I was characterized by the diploid chromosome number of 2n = 38 and the presence of two copies of metacentric chromosome Rb(4.12)1Tu. This translocation was also found in virtually all mice captured in southern Germany, almost always in a homozygous state. Mice of other populations had extra metacentric chromosomes Rb(5.15)15Tu (population II), Rb(13.14)17Tu (population III), Rb(5.14)18Tu (population IV) and Rb(11.13)6Tu (population V). In addition, rare variants (1 or 2 mice) were found in the different populations, which were heterozygous for additional metacentric chromosomes. Population V was quite heterogeneous in that it contained up to five metacentric chromosomes in addition to those mentioned. The number and the composition of these metacentric chromosomes varied from place to place. With the exception of population I, the individual populations occupied geographically distinct areas: Representatives of population I were found concentrated in one area, but, in addition, some were scattered over the entire studied region.

scholarly journals A second rabbit kappa isotype.

1982 ◽  
Vol 156 (2) ◽  
pp. 585-595 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Benammar ◽  
P A Cazenave
Keyword(s):  
Light Chain ◽  
Immunoglobulin G ◽  
Antigenic Determinants ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
B Locus ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
Domestic Rabbits ◽  
Chain Type

Immunoglobulin G (IgG) from the rabbit strain Basilea was previously shown to contain two distinct populations of molecules one with light chain belonging to the known lambda isotype and the others to a new kappa-like L chain type. Alloantisera prepared against the Basilea IgG are directed against the kappa-like light chain (anti-bas antisera). All Basilea rabbits express kappa-like chains recognized by anti-bas sera, but IgG from other domestic rabbits did not react with these antisera. Genetic studies of wild rabbits belonging to different populations show that the bas+ phenotype could be found in heterozygous rabbits as well as those homozygous at the b locus. The gene encoding the bas+ light chain is closely linked to the b locus. Moreover, antigenic determinants recognized by anti-bas antibodies and antigenic determinants recognized by antibodies directed against allotypic determinants of the b series are located on distinct IgG molecules. These results show that there are two rabbit kappa isotypes: the kappa 1 isotype, bearing allotypic determinants of the b series, and the kappa 2 isotype, for which bas+ chain is one of the allotypic forms. The kappa 1 and kappa 2 isotypes are controlled by closely linked genes.

scholarly journals Women in Blue: Structural and Individual Determinants of Sex Segregation in Blue-Collar Occupations

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 410-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margarita Torre
Keyword(s):  
Social Reproduction ◽  
Blue Collar ◽  
Gender Composition ◽  
Vocational Education And Training ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Parental Background ◽  
Individual Determinants ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
The Individual ◽  
And Training

The number of women occupying male-dominated blue-collar jobs continues to be very low. This study examines segregation in the blue-collar trades, taking into consideration both structural and individual factors. Using nationally representative data for 25 countries, the study shows that segregation in the blue-collar sector does not vary with the strength of vocational education and training programs. At the individual level, findings reveal higher degrees of social reproduction among working-class families, but parental background alone does not fully account for the gender composition of the sector in which children end up working. Overall, the findings point to the existence of a socializing mechanism that entrenches horizontal segregation in the blue-collar sector. The study indicates that to reduce segregation in the blue-collar fields, policies must address this prior mechanism, both at the structural and individual level.

scholarly journals HYBRID FORMATION BETWEEN BACTERIAL ENDOTOXINS

1967 ◽  
Vol 126 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jon A. Rudbach ◽  
Kelsey C. Milner ◽  
Edgar Ribi
Keyword(s):  
Bile Salt ◽  
Sodium Deoxycholate ◽  
Enteric Bacteria ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Antigenic Determinants ◽  
Hybrid Formation ◽  
Bacterial Endotoxins ◽  
New Type ◽  
The Individual

When endotoxins extracted from enteric bacteria were mixed in the presence of sodium deoxycholate, and the bile salt was subsequently removed by dialysis or by extraction with ethanol, a new type of endotoxin was formed. The latter material was as biologically active as the original endotoxins and possessed a combination of antigenic determinants that were previously unique to each of the individual endotoxins in the mixture. This hybrid formation between endotoxins was detected by immunodiffusion and radioautography and by quantitative precipitation procedures.

Quantitative cytochemistry: the basis of sensitive bioassays, for comparison of bio-and immuno-reactive hormone values.

1978 ◽  
Vol 24 (8) ◽  
pp. 1399-1407 ◽  
Author(s):  
L Bitensky ◽  
J Chayen
Keyword(s):  
Physiological Effect ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Antigenic Determinants ◽  
Target Cells ◽  
Biochemical Activity ◽  
Cytochemical Bioassay ◽  
Polypeptide Hormones ◽  
Increased Sensitivity ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Quantitative Cytochemistry

Abstract Cytochemistry now extends biochemistry down to the single-cell level. Special procedures have been developed for cutting sections of uniform thickness with no measurable or detectable artifact. The cytochemical bioassays use chromogenic reactions with the immediate precipitation of the resulting chromophore so that biochemical activity can be related to the individual cells constituting a tissue. This activity, in individual cells, is measured by scanning and integrating microdensitometry which also increases the sensitivity of cytochemical measurement over that of conventional biochemistry. A hormone, or indeed any biologically active substance, acting on its target cell, causes a change in the chemical activity of that cell that mediates the physiological effect of the hormone. By cytochemical methods one can assess such changes in the target cells even if these constitute only a small part of the target-organ; thus such methods are ideally suited to measuring chemical changes of this sort induced by the hormone. Such cytochemical bioassay of polypeptide hormones, done as "within-animal" assays, are about 1000-f0ld more sensitive than the equivalent radioimmunoassays and are as precise. Thus they have two advantages: (a) bioreactive hormone is measured rather than a composite of antigenic determinants characteristic of part of the hormone molecule and (b) their increased sensitivity allows discrimination between low normal and subnormal concentrations of the circulating hormone.

Testing mate recognition through reciprocal crosses of two native populations of the whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) in Australia

2019 ◽  
Vol 110 (3) ◽  
pp. 328-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Wongnikong ◽  
S. L. van Brunschot ◽  
J. P. Hereward ◽  
P. J. De Barro ◽  
G. H. Walter
Keyword(s):  
Bemisia Tabaci ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Mate Recognition ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Species Status ◽  
Female Progeny ◽  
Native Populations ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Mating Tests

AbstractBemisia tabaci (Gennadius) represents a relatively large cryptic species complex. Australia has at least two native populations of B. tabaci sensu lato and these were first found on different host plants in different parts of Australia. The species status of these populations has not been resolved, although their mitochondrial sequences differ by 3.82–4.20%. We addressed the question of whether these AUSI and AUSII B. tabaci populations are distinct species. We used reciprocal cross-mating tests to establish whether the insects from these different populations recognize one another as potential mating partners. The results show that the two native Australian populations of B. tabaci have a mating sequence with four phases, each of which is described. Not all pairs in the control crosses mated and the frequency of mating differed across them. Some pairs in the AUSI-M × AUSII-F did mate (15%) and did produce female progeny, but the frequency was extremely low relative to controls. Microsatellite genotyping of the female progeny produced in the crosses showed these matings were successful. None of the AUSII-M × AUSI-F crosses mated although some of the males did search for females. These results demonstrate the critical role of the mate recognition process and the need to assess this directly in cross-mating tests if the species status of different populations is to be tested realistically. In short, AUSI and AUSII B. tabaci populations are distinct species because the individual males and females do not recognize individuals of the alternative population as potential mating partners.

scholarly journals More about quantitative trait locus mapping with diallel designs

2000 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
AHMED REBAÏ ◽  
BRUNO GOFFINET
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Trait Locus ◽  
Quantitative Trait Locus Mapping ◽  
Quantitative Trait ◽  
Iteratively Reweighted Least Squares ◽  
Standard Linear ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
Trait Locus ◽  
Locus Mapping ◽  
The Individual ◽  
General Regression

We present a general regression-based method for mapping quantitative trait loci (QTL) by combining different populations derived from diallel designs. The model expresses, at any map position, the phenotypic value of each individual as a function of the specific-mean of the population to which the individual belongs, the additive and dominance effects of the alleles carried by the parents of that population and the probabilities of QTL genotypes conditional on those of neighbouring markers. Standard linear model procedures (ordinary or iteratively reweighted least-squares) are used for estimation and test of the parameters.

scholarly journals Combination of Genetic Markers and Age Effectively Facilitates the Identification of People with High Risk of Preeclampsia in the Han Chinese Population

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lu Zhou ◽  
Xinjie Hui ◽  
Huijuan Yuan ◽  
Yinglin Liu ◽  
Yejun Wang
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Population ◽  
Interaction Analysis ◽  
Chinese Women ◽  
Logistic Models ◽  
Han Chinese ◽  
Han Chinese Population ◽  
Genetic Risks ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Risk Of Preeclampsia

Objective. This study aimed to analyze the possible association between known genetic risks and preeclampsia in a Han Chinese population. Methods. A total of 156 patients with preeclampsia and 286 healthy Han Chinese women were enrolled and genotyped for 27 genetic alleles associated with preeclampsia in different populations. The association between the genotypes of the individual alleles and preeclampsia and the possible interaction among the alleles were analyzed. Finally logistic models were trained with the genotypes of possible alleles contributing to preeclampsia. Results. Seven alleles were significantly or marginally significantly associated with preeclampsia, which involved six genes (rs4762 in AGT, rs1800896 in IL-10, rs1800629 and rs1799724 in TNFα, rs2070744 in NOS3, rs7412 in APOE, and rs2549782 in ERAP2). A multilocus interaction analysis further disclosed an interaction among seven alleles. A logistic model showing individual or synergetic contribution to preeclampsia could reach ~0.67 preeclampsia prediction accuracy in the Han Chinese population, while integration of age information could improve the performance to ~0.75 accuracy using a fivefold training-testing evaluation strategy. Conclusions. The genetic factors were closely associated with preeclampsia in the Han Chinese population despite large ethnicity heterogeneity. The genotypes of different alleles also had synergetic interactions.

Influencing factors and determinants of health literacy

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
L Grillich ◽  
E Kostial
Keyword(s):  
Health Literacy ◽  
Influencing Factors ◽  
Impact Model ◽  
Umbrella Review ◽  
Scoping Reviews ◽  
Individual Determinants ◽  
Health Target ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Health literacy has demonstrable effects on health status and quality of life and is a prerequisite for health-promoting behavior. Thus, health literacy is naturally an Austrian health target. Actions to strengthen health literacy should specifically address its determinants and influencing factors. To provide the best available knowledge for this goal, we developed an impact model of how influencing factors (indirect influence) and determinants (direct influence) will lead to increased health literacy based on the best available evidence We conducted an umbrella review on systematic, narrative and scoping reviews that deal with concepts, models or definitions of health literacy. The systematic literature search in MEDLINE (Ovid/Epistemonikos) identified 256 relevant abstracts. Two authors checked the abstracts and included 32 in the full text assessment. Fourteen studies were ultimately included in the umbrella review. We extracted influencing factors, determinants, and outcomes and coded, summarized, and renamed them in an inductive approach to ensure uniform terminology. In total, we identified 10 specific influencing factors and 13 measurable determinants. A graphical impact model visualizes the causal relationships between influencing factors and determinants and how they affect the main dimensions of health literacy together: decision, appraisal, access & seek. The impact model illustrates that health literacy is prevalent when decisions are made and implemented and that strengthening health literacy is best achieved through approaches that influence the determinants at the individual and situational level. With the list of specific influencing factors and measurable determinants, the impact model presented differs from all health literacy models available to date. The impact model gives clear recommendations on which concrete influencing factors and determinants programs for strengthening health literacy should be used to aim for positive changes. Key messages Interventions to strengthen health literacy should aim to improve both situational and individual determinants. A key situational determinant is the availability of accessible, understandable and reliable health information.

scholarly journals The individual determinants of support for open space bond referendums

2019 ◽  
Vol 82 ◽  
pp. 258-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Prendergast ◽  
Shanna Pearson-Merkowitz ◽  
Corey Lang
Keyword(s):  
Open Space ◽  
Individual Determinants ◽  
The Individual
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document