Notes on Certain Upper Devonian Brachiopods figured by Whidborne

1943 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 95-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. R. C. Reed
Keyword(s):  
Distinct Species ◽  
Upper Devonian ◽  
The Body ◽  
Equal Size ◽  
Hinge Line ◽  
Composite Description

Whidborne gave a composite description of certain specimens from the Upper Devonian of Pilton and other localities which he grouped together and ascribed to the Carboniferous species P. (Buxtonia) scabriculus Mart. (Whidborne, 1897, 170, pi. xx, figs. 16–18, pi. xxi, fig. 12), but he considered that it was difficult to distinguish some of them from those which he ascribed to Strophalosia productoides. We cannot agree with his reference of any of them to Martin's Carboniferous species. The best preserved and first example [H. 286] which he figured (1897, pi. xx, fig. 16) is a pedicle-valve from “Smoking House Lane”. It has a transversely subquadrate shape with subrectangular cardinal angles not produced; the body is strongly arched longitudinally but only moderately convex transversely, and it has a weak median longitudinal depression, but descends steeply on each side to the smalt ears; it is covered by regular continuous rounded costae of equal size, about fifty in number, some of which bifurcate at about one-third to two-thirds their length, and very few of them show any small swellings on their course as in P. scabriulus; a few faint narrow concentric rugae are traceable on the posterior third of the body producing weak coarse reticulation; the umbo is very broad, rounded and incurved, projecting over the hinge-line; the ears, which are much depressed but not sharply marked off from the body, are triangular in shape and are crossed by a few narrow concentric rugae which bifurcate somewhat irregularly before reaching the hinge-line; a few large coarse spinose tubercles or spine-bases lie near the junction of the body with the ears. This pedicle-valve is sufficiently preserved to indicate a distinct species, for which the name porteri is proposed.

scholarly journals Preliminary Note on the Structure and Affinities of Phoronis

1897 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 59-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur T. Masterman
Keyword(s):  
Distinct Species ◽  
Systematic Position ◽  
Nerve Ring ◽  
The Body ◽  
Serial Sections ◽  
Preliminary Note ◽  
Mouth Region ◽  
Careful Comparison ◽  
A New Species ◽  
Different Parts

In spite of the great amount of attention which has been bestowed upon this group by many workers, it must still be said that our knowledge of its systematic position is very meagre and uncertain, and that there are points in its anatomy which require elucidation. Through the kindness of Professor M‘Intosh I have been enabled to examine some specimens of P. australis, and also a Phoronis, which appears to be a new species. I reserve a detailed account of my results for later publication, and here only refer very briefly to leading points. I may mention that Professor M‘Intosh has also allowed me the inspection of his serial sections of P. buskii. M‘Intosh, and after a careful comparison I have not the slightest doubt that this is a distinct species from P. australis—it has been usual to regard the distinction between these two forms as not of specific value.Divisions of the Body.—It is usual, in describing the structure of Phoronis, to refer to two different parts of the body which lie before and behind the septum respectively. I propose, for reasons shown later, to emphasise the division of the body into—(1) The epistome, lying dorsally to the mouth, and having very definite, though somewhat involved, relationship to the next part; (2) the tentacular region, which I prefer to call the collar, consisting of a ring round the mouth region, the oral part being produced into two arms or processes which bear tentacles and are coiled, and the aboral end being limited superficially by the nerve ring and fundamentally by the so-called septum; (3) the trunk, including all the region behind the septum.

scholarly journals The Development of the Species of Upogebia from Plymouth Sound

1919 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gladys E. Webb
Keyword(s):  
Adult Stage ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
The Body ◽  
Specific Character ◽  
Common Occurrence ◽  
Living State ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Small Point

Upogebia deltura Leach and Upogebia stellata (Mont.) are both of common occurrence on the coasts of Devonshire and Cornwall, but in the adult stage they are not easily obtained, owing to their burrowing habits. The larvæ, however, are very common in the tow-nets, occurring throughout the year with the exception of the midwinter months, and are particularly plentiful from June to August. The two species are closely allied, and for some time it was believed that the differences between them might be merely sexual, and not specific (Bell 1853). They are now clearly recognised as separate and distinct species, and De Morgan (1910) has obtained males and females of both forms. Upogebia deltura Leach may be distinguished by its greater size, sometimes five or six inches in length when full-grown, as well as by its broad abdomen with soft abdominal pleura. The two joints of the chela on the first thoracic leg are almost equal in length. Upogebia stellata (Mont.) is an altogether smaller and more slender animal, seldom exceeding two and a half inches in length. The abdomen is narrower, and the fixed finger of the chela very much shorter than the dactylus. There is also a small point on the side of the carapace, just over the base of the second antenna, which has been established as a specific character by De Morgan (1910). In the living state the body of the animal is covered with orange-red spots (hence its name stellata), while Upogebia deltura Leach is of a uniform dirty cream colour.

scholarly journals Two new species of the genus Caligus (Crustacea, Copepoda, Siphonostomatoida) from the Sea of Japan, with a note on the establishment of a new species group

ZooKeys ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 893 ◽  
pp. 91-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susumu Ohtsuka ◽  
Geoffrey A. Boxshall
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Sea Of Japan ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Species Group ◽  
The Body ◽  
Plankton Sample ◽  
The Sea Of Japan ◽  
Male Specimen ◽  
Japanese Coast ◽  
Two New Species

Two new species of Caligus are described from the Japanese coast of the Sea of Japan. Caligus chinglonglinisp. nov. is based on a male specimen found in a plankton sample, whereas C. kajiisp. nov. was collected from the body surface of the host flathead Platycephalus sp. These two new species can be assigned to a distinct species group, the pseudorhombi group newly named and defined by the morphology of the genital complex in both sexes, and by the structure and armature of legs 2 and 4. The species group so far accommodates 19 species including these two new species. The morphology, host specificity and zoogeography of the species group are discussed herein and keys to species groups of Caligus and to species of the C. pseudorhombi species group are provided.

Description of a new Fridericia species (Oligochaeta: Enchytraeidae) and its molecular comparison with two morphologically similar species by PCR-RFLP

Zootaxa ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 1310 (1) ◽  
pp. 53 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. DÓZSA-FARKAS ◽  
G. CECH
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
The Body ◽  
Molecular Methods ◽  
Similar Species ◽  
Pcr Rflp ◽  
Molecular Comparison ◽  
Type C ◽  
Epidermal Gland

A new species, Fridericia crassiductata sp.n. was described and compared by DNA fragment analyses (PCR-RFLP), with two similar species, Fridericia ratzeli (Eisen,1872) sensu Nielsen & Christensen (1959) and F. eiseni Dózsa-Farkas, 2005. The main characteristics of the new species are: 13–20 mm long, 0.5–0.7 mm wide, segment number: (38)–40–56, spermatheca with 9–10 large, sessile, globular diverticula, long and thick ectal duct, and two very large (80–130 µ m long) egg shaped ectal glands. Maximum ten chaetae per bundle, typical brown reticulate epidermal gland cells noticeable on the body surface. The oesophageal appendage is variable between type-a and type-c (according to Möller 1971) the branches are located proximally. The seminal vesicle is large, the penial slit is longitudinal with more transverse components. Three subneural glands in XIV–XVI. The new species was collected only in the Zemplén Mountains in Hungary, in similar biotopes (between and under the leaf-litter) to those of the common F. ratzeli. It may be hypothesized that it fills the ecological role of F. ratzeli because, although all three compared species occurred in this area, F. ratzeli was very seldom found and never together with the new species. The three species were also examined by molecular methods. Which confirmed the existence of three distinct species. Both morphological and molecular studies indicate that F. ratzeli is still not a homogeneous species. It seems that the applied molecular methods help distinguish morphologically very similar species.

Polymorphism and inconsistencies in the taxonomy of Diplodinium anisacanthum da Cunha, 1914 (Ciliophora, Entodiniomorphida, Ophryoscolecidae) and taxonomic notes on the genus Diplodinium Schuberg, 1888

Zootaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 4306 (2) ◽  
pp. 249 ◽  
Author(s):  
FRANCIANE CEDROLA ◽  
ROBERTO JÚNIO PEDROSO DIAS ◽  
ISABEL MARTINELE ◽  
MARTA D’AGOSTO
Keyword(s):  
Morphometric Analysis ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Morphological Characterization ◽  
The Body ◽  
General Morphology ◽  
Polymorphic Species ◽  
Morphometric Characterization

The genus Diplodinium includes 31 species of ophryoscolecid ciliates with two retractable ciliary zones in the anterior end of the body, with no skeletal plates, inclined macronucleus and two contractile vacuoles. They have a broad geographical distribution and low host specificity. The genus has several taxonomic inconsistencies, mainly due to polymorphism of most species. Diplodinium anisacanthum is a case of taxonomic inconsistency in the genus. It presents polymorphism in posterior end of the body, so it is considered a polymorphic species or seven distinct species. This study presents the morphological characterization of six D. anisacanthum morphotypes based on general morphology, morphometric analysis and oral infraciliature characterization and taxonomic notes on the genus Diplodinium. The morphological and morphometric characterization of D. anisacanthum showed great similiarities among morphotypes suggesting that these ciliates constitute a single species with polymorphisms. A brief review conducted highlights the inconsistencies in the taxonomy of the genus Diplodinium and demonstrates the need for recent studies with representatives of the genus. There is no information on how polymorphism of Diplodinium anisacanthum morphotypes correlates to molecular data, since there are only two sequences of this species available in the GenBank database. 

Redescriptions and comments on the validity of Acuaria subula and A. skrjabini (Nematoda, Spirurida, Acuariidae), parasites of passerine birds

2013 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasen Mutafchiev ◽  
Vytautas Kontrimavichus ◽  
Boyko Georgiev
Keyword(s):  
Body Length ◽  
Passer Domesticus ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
The Body ◽  
Junior Synonym ◽  
Curonian Spit ◽  
Glandular Oesophagus ◽  
Type Host ◽  
New Synonymy

AbstractAcuaria subula (Dujardin, 1845) is redescribed by light microcopy (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) on the basis of specimens from its type host, Erithacus rubecula (Passeriformes, Muscicapidae), from Curonian Spit (Kaliningradskaya Oblast’, Russia) and Bulgaria. Acuaria skrjabini (Ozerskaya, 1926) is redescribed by LM and SEM on the basis of specimens from Passer domesticus (type host) and P. hispaniolensis (Passeriformes, Passeridae) from Bulgaria. Contrary to previous opinions recognizing A. skrjabini as a junior synonym of A. subula, the present study confirms that they are distinct species. They can be distinguished on the basis of the ratio between the length of cordons and the body length, the ratio between the length of muscular oesophagus and glandular oesophagus, and the ratio between the total length of oesophagus and the body length. In addition, the plates forming the cordons in these two species exhibit different morphological characters. Another difference between these two species is associated with the particular irregular mosaic ornamentation of the cuticle on the ventral and lateral sides of body around the region of vulva of A. subula and its absence in A. skrjabini. Data on their host and geographical ranges are surveyed. The type series of Acuaria buttnerae Chabaud et Petter, 1961, described as a parasite of Calandrella brachydactyla (Passeriformes, Alaudidae) in France, is re-examined; the latter species is recognized as a junior synonym of A. skrjabini (new synonymy).

Observations upon the Structure of a Genus of Oligochæta belonging to the Limicoline Section

1891 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 5-7
Author(s):  
Frank E. Beddard
Keyword(s):  
Distinct Species ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Nilgiris

(Abstract)The present paper refers to a number of specimens of Moniligaster, some of which belong to the species Moniligaster Barwelli already briefly described by myself;* others (one other at least) are possibly referable to a distinct species. I do not, however, give this species a name, principally for the reason that it will very possibly turn out to be identical with one or other of the species recently noted by Professor A. G. Bourne from the Nilgiris and Shevaroys. I am not at all certain that M. Barwelli is not identical with his M. minutus. The present paper contains a fuller account of the reproductive organs than I have yet given, but unfortunately it will be still found to be incomplete in certain particulars; some of these gaps, e.g., the clitellum and the egg-sacs, are filled up by Bourne's paper, assuming of course that the characters of these organs as given by Bourne will turn out to be generic, which is likely. The present paper contains some account of the other organs of the body, which has not yet been published

The oncomiracidia of the monocotylid monogeneans Dictyocotyle coeliaca and Calicotyle kroyeri

Parasitology ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 153-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. C. Kearn
Keyword(s):  
Body Fluid ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
The Body ◽  
Gland Cells ◽  
Host Body ◽  
To Come ◽  
First Time ◽  
Swimming Larva ◽  
Free Swimming Larva ◽  
Anterior Median

The eggs of D. coeliaca have been cultured successfully and the free-swimming larva has been studied for the first time. The eggs have an incubation period which for monogeneans is exceptionally long (4–5 months at 10 °C). Apart from maintenance at a low temperature no other special conditions such as high hydrostatic pressure or washing to remove host body fluid are necessary for development. It is not necessary for the eggs to come into contact with host body fluid before development can begin.The oncomiracidium of D. coeliaca has no eyes, a well-developed pair of anterior median gland cells and a pair of hamuli. The oncomiracidium of C. kroyeri is similar to that of D. coeliaca except for the presence of two pairs of conspicuous pigmented eyes, poorly developed anterior median gland cells, the presence of an extra pair of gland cells at the posterior end of the body and the absence of hamuli.A comparison of the larval features of D. coeliaca and C. kroyeri has confirmed that these parasites belong to quite distinct species.

Systematical and Physiological Notes On the Brine Shrimp, Artemia

1939 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 365-449 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.J. Kuenen
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Osmotic Pressure ◽  
Salt Water ◽  
Marked Change ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Artemia Salina ◽  
The Body ◽  
Storage Chamber ◽  
Marked Activity ◽  
Concentration Table

AbstractAnimals from California (Marina) and from Italy (Cagliari, Sardinia) were reared in the laboratory from eggs, and fed on a unicellular alga Dunaliella viridis Teod., which abounds in most natural brines in which Artemia occurs. In the course of the main experiments (described in Chapter III-V) several observations and small experiments on other subjects from the biology of the animal were made, and the results of these are laid down in Chapter II. In 1910 DADAY brought all animals living in salt water from the genus Artemia, which had hitherto been described, under one species: Artemia salina (L.). From a study of the data now available in literature and from hybridising experiments, which are here described, the conclusion is drawn that there are at least two distinct species in the genus. The animals from America then have to beare the name Artemia gracilis Verrill, but as further experiments may show further differentiation within this species the solution can only be considered as preliminary. Artemia lives constantly in a medium which has a higher osmotic pressure than the blood. Consequently the osmoregulatory activity will necessarily reduce the concentration of the blood. The refractive index of the blood was determined as a function of the concentration of the brine (Table I, fig. 6). The changes in the osmotic pressure of the blood were determined as a function of the concentration of the brine (fig. 7). Both these series of determinations showed an increase of the concentration of the blood with that of the brine, but to a much smaller extent. The amounts of water excreted by the animals when transferred to brines of higher concentration were measured. The change in size of the animals was measured directly when they had been transferred to brines of different concentration (Table II, fig. 8). When comparing the results of these different methods it appeared that the amounts of water excreted from the body were less than the amounts necessary to increase the concentration of the brine to the measured level (and vice versa). This leads to the conclusion that water can be stored in the animal. The intestine may act as such a storage chamber. This follows from the following observations. The rate of defecation is reduced after the animal is transferred to a different concentration. The diameter of the intestine can be shown to change considerably. Crystals have been shown to occur in the intestine sometimes, which also indicates an activity in the water regulation. Finally the histology showed a marked activity of the wall of the intestine after transfer of the animals to other concentrations. When aquatic animals are transferred to media of different concentration, a marked change in the rate of respiration can often be shown. This may, according to different theories, be either due to the change in the water content of the tissues, or to a change in the intensity of the osmoregulatory activity. Oxygen consumption was measured in brines of ½, 1 and 2 molar NaCl and it was shown that it was greater in the higher concentrations. This shows that the osmoregulation influences the rate of respiration to a higher degree than the water content of the tissues, as the first increases in higher concentrations while the last becomes less.

scholarly journals Revision of the actinopterygian genus Mimipiscis (=Mimia) from the Upper Devonian Gogo Formation of Western Australia and the interrelationships of the early Actinopterygii

2012 ◽  
Vol 102 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Choo
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Body Shape ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Upper Devonian ◽  
The Body ◽  
Late Devonian ◽  
Monotypic Genus ◽  
Fossil Material

ABSTRACTThe Devonian actinopterygian Mimia Gardiner & Bartram (1977) of the Upper Devonian (Frasnian) Gogo Formation of Western Australia, one of the most completely known of all Palaeozoic ray-finned fishes, is renamed Mimipiscis nom. nov. due to preoccupation of the former genus by the butterfly Mimia Evans (1953). Recently acquired data, including the description of newly prepared fossil material, has revealed the presence of a second species in this formerly monotypic genus, as well as previously unreported features of the tail, parasphenoid and ontogenetic variability of type species, Mimipiscis toombsi (Gardiner & Bartram 1977). The second form, Mimipiscis bartrami sp. nov., differs from the contemporary M. toombsi in details of the body shape, squamation, snout, suboperculum and parasphenoid. Phylogenetic analyses recover Mimipiscis and Gogosardina as sister genera within a monophyletic Mimiidae, a clade restricted to the Late Devonian of Western Australia.

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