Redescriptions and comments on the validity of Acuaria subula and A. skrjabini (Nematoda, Spirurida, Acuariidae), parasites of passerine birds

2013 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasen Mutafchiev ◽  
Vytautas Kontrimavichus ◽  
Boyko Georgiev
Keyword(s):  
Body Length ◽  
Passer Domesticus ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
The Body ◽  
Junior Synonym ◽  
Curonian Spit ◽  
Glandular Oesophagus ◽  
Type Host ◽  
New Synonymy

AbstractAcuaria subula (Dujardin, 1845) is redescribed by light microcopy (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) on the basis of specimens from its type host, Erithacus rubecula (Passeriformes, Muscicapidae), from Curonian Spit (Kaliningradskaya Oblast’, Russia) and Bulgaria. Acuaria skrjabini (Ozerskaya, 1926) is redescribed by LM and SEM on the basis of specimens from Passer domesticus (type host) and P. hispaniolensis (Passeriformes, Passeridae) from Bulgaria. Contrary to previous opinions recognizing A. skrjabini as a junior synonym of A. subula, the present study confirms that they are distinct species. They can be distinguished on the basis of the ratio between the length of cordons and the body length, the ratio between the length of muscular oesophagus and glandular oesophagus, and the ratio between the total length of oesophagus and the body length. In addition, the plates forming the cordons in these two species exhibit different morphological characters. Another difference between these two species is associated with the particular irregular mosaic ornamentation of the cuticle on the ventral and lateral sides of body around the region of vulva of A. subula and its absence in A. skrjabini. Data on their host and geographical ranges are surveyed. The type series of Acuaria buttnerae Chabaud et Petter, 1961, described as a parasite of Calandrella brachydactyla (Passeriformes, Alaudidae) in France, is re-examined; the latter species is recognized as a junior synonym of A. skrjabini (new synonymy).

Steinernema citrae n. sp. (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae), a new entomopathogenic nematode from South Africa

Nematology ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 569-587 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nomakholwa F. Stokwe ◽  
Antoinette P. Malan ◽  
Khuong B. Nguyen ◽  
Rinus Knoetze ◽  
Louwrens Tiedt
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
New Species ◽  
Body Length ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematode ◽  
Tail Length ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
The Body ◽  
Infective Juvenile ◽  
Western Cape ◽  
Citrus Orchards

Abstract During a survey for entomopathogenic nematodes in citrus orchards throughout South Africa, a new species of Steinernema was isolated from a citrus orchard on Rietkloof farm, near the town of Piketberg in the Western Cape Province, South Africa. The nematode was isolated from soil using the Galleria-baiting technique. Steinernema citrae n. sp. is characterised by the following morphological characters: third-stage infective juvenile with a body length of 754 (623-849) μm, distance from head to excretory pore of 56 (49-64) μm, tail length of 71 (63-81) μm, and ratio E value of 110 (85-132). The lateral pattern for the new species is 2, 7, 8, 6, 4, 2 and is not typical for the genus. Steinernema citrae n. sp. is closely related the feltiae-group. The body length of the IJ is close to that of S. texanum and S. weiseri, though it differs in body diam., the length of the pharynx and E%. The male of S. citrae n. sp. differs from S. feltiae in the length and shape of the spicule and body diam. Steinernema citrae n. sp. differs from all species in the feltiae-group in the morphology of the vulva, as it has a single flapped, low, epiptygma. It also differs from the most closely related species, S. feltiae, as there is no interbreeding between the two species. In addition, the new nematode differs from other species of the feltiae-group by characteristics of the ITS and D2D3 regions of its rDNA.

scholarly journals Systematics and phylogeny of the Neotropical treehopper subfamily Nicomiinae (Hemiptera, Membracidae)

2005 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 231-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesse L. Albertson ◽  
Christopher H. Dietrich
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
New Species ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Junior Synonym ◽  
Type Material ◽  
New Combinations ◽  
Primary Type ◽  
New Synonymy

Morphological characters of adults of the treehopper subfamily Nicomiinae Haupt, 1929 (Hemiptera, Membracidae) including seven genera (Eudonica gen. nov.; Euwalkeria Goding, 1926; Holdgatiella Evans, 1962; Nicomia Stål, 1858; Nodonica Dietrich, McKamey& Deitz, 2001; Stalomia gen. nov.; and Tolania Stål, 1858) and 22 species (16 new) are described and illustrated. Keys are provided for genera and for species of Euwalkeria, Holdgatiella, and Nicomia. Nomenclatural changes, based on study of the primary type material of 15 species, include three new combinations, one new synonymy, and reinstatement of one junior synonym. Eudonica has one species, Eudonica nanella sp. nov.; Euwalkeria has five species, including four new species: E. colorata sp. nov., E. distincta sp. nov., E. perdita sp. nov., E. rubrica sp. nov.; Holdgatiella has two species, one of which is described as new: Holdgatiella chiloensis sp. nov.; Nicomia has twelve species, nine of which are described as new: N. buccina sp. nov., N. harenosa sp. nov., N. inscripta sp. nov., N. jucunda sp. nov., N. monticola sp. nov., N. nigrifasciata sp. nov., N. notidana sp. nov., N. pulchella sp. nov., N. serrata sp. nov.; Nodonica has one species, Nodonica bispinigera Dietrich, McKamey & Deitz; and Stalomia has one species, Stalomia veruta sp. nov. Tolania contains eleven previously described species and nearly 60 new species, which will be treated in a later publication. Three new combinations are proposed: one species described in Nicomia is placed in the tribe Abelini (Centrotinae) as Abelus retrospinosus (Lethierry) comb. nov.; one species previously placed in Nicomia is transferred to the genus Tolania as T. obliqua (Walker, 1858), comb. nov.; one species described in Holdgatiella is placed in the genus Tolania as T. stria (Cryan & Deitz, 2002), comb. nov. One new synonymy is proposed: Hoplophera [sic] cicadoides Walker, 1862, syn. nov., a junior synonym of Nicomia interrupta Stål, 1858. Nicomia subfasciata Stål, 1858, is reinstated. The results of a phylogenetic analysis based on morphology are presented, illustrating the hypothesized relationships among species and genera of Nicomiinae. The analysis supports the broader concept of Nicomiinae proposed here. The monophyly of this group is supported by eleven characters, and all of the included genera are also monophyletic.

The taxonomic status of Aphodius insperatus Petrovitz, A. longipennis Rakovič and A. inylchekensis Frolov (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Aphodiinae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4728 (3) ◽  
pp. 390-394
Author(s):  
ANDREY V. FROLOV ◽  
LILIA A. AKHMETOVA ◽  
DAVID KRÁL
Keyword(s):  
Type Species ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Junior Synonym ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
Type Specimens ◽  
Present Contribution ◽  
Additional Material ◽  
Diagnostic Characters

The subgenus Bodilus Mulsant & Rey, 1870 of the genus Aphodius Helwig, 1798 sensu lato comprises 30 species in the Palearctic fauna (Frolov 2001, 2002, Dellacasa et al. 2016 [treated as genus Bodilus]). Frolov (2001) reviewed the species of this subgenus from Russia and adjacent countries and suggested that the monotypic subgenus Paramelinopterus Rakovič, 1984 shares the main diagnostic characters of Bodilus. Frolov (2001) was unable, however, to examine the type species of Paramelinopterus, A. longipennis Rakovič, 1984, at that time. Král (2016) suggested that A. (Bodilus) inylchekensis Frolov, 2001 is a junior synonym of A. longipennis. Recently we have re-examined all the types as well as the additional material accumulated in the museums and can confirm that A. inylchekensis is a distinct species, but A. insperatus Petrovitz, 1967 and A. longipennis cannot be reliably separated by the morphological characters. In the present contribution we illustrate the major diagnostic characters of the species based on the type specimens and also provide a distribution map of the known localities of the species. 

Morphological and genetic variation in populations of Sitana marudhamneydhal and the validity of Sitana attenboroughii

Zootaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4964 (3) ◽  
pp. 523-540
Author(s):  
A. BALAN ◽  
D. JUDE ◽  
SURYA NARAYANAN ◽  
SANDEEP VARMA ◽  
V. DEEPAK
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Genetic Divergence ◽  
Genetic Data ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Genetic Differences ◽  
Junior Synonym ◽  
Small Samples ◽  
Species Descriptions ◽  
Two Populations

Dewlap morphology and body ratios are two of the main morphological characters used in delimiting Sitana spp. It becomes a statistical limitation when small samples are used in species descriptions, as outliers can be picked to be described as a distinct species. Genetic data has been used to support the distinctness of a species in Sitana. However, species with shallow genetic divergence becomes a problem if not thoroughly examined. We examine and report our findings on morphological and genetic differences in two populations of Sitana marudhamneydhal and one population of S. attenboroughii. The shallow genetic divergence and overlapping morphology shows that Sitana attenboroughii is a junior synonym of Sitana marudhamneydhal 

A happy family: systematic revision of the endemic Theridion spiders (Araneae, Theridiidae) of the Hawaiian Islands

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrià Bellvert ◽  
Rosemary G. Gillespie ◽  
Miquel A. Arnedo
Keyword(s):  
Hawaiian Islands ◽  
Cladistic Analysis ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
The Body ◽  
Junior Synonym ◽  
Happy Face ◽  
Phylogenetic Structure ◽  
Systematic Revision ◽  
Happy Family ◽  
First Time

Since the description in 1900 of the iconic Happy Face spider, Theridion grallator, Simon, along with nine relatives, the Theridion fauna of the Hawaiian Islands has remained unstudied. Here, we present a systematic revision of the Hawaiian Theridion, which includes the examination of abundant material collected during the last 50 years, with scanning of the genitalia of several species using SEM techniques, and a cladistic analysis based on 22 morphological characters, to provide a first hypothesis of the phylogenetic structure of the group. We describe eight new species, namely T. ariel, sp. nov., T. caliban, sp. nov., T. ceres, sp. nov., T. ferdinand, sp. nov., T. juno, sp. nov., T. miranda, sp. nov., T. prospero, sp. nov. and T. sycorax, sp. nov. Additionally, we provide new diagnoses for former species and illustrate and describe for the first time the male of T. kauaiense Simon, 1900 and the female of T. praetextum Simon, 1900. We further propose that T. campestratum Simon, 1900 is a junior synonym of T. melinum Simon, 1900 and T. praetextum concolor Simon, 1900 is a junior synonym of T. praetextum. Finally, we provide updated information on the distribution of the species. Most species are easily diagnosed based on the male and female genitalia, but we also reveal the existence of somatic characters that differ among species, such as the body size and the shape and size of the chelicerae, which may have played a role in the diversification and coexistence of some of the species. The preferred cladogram from the cladistic analysis, although compatible with a progression rule, also suggests a complex pattern of multiple back and forward colonisations, albeit most of the clades are poorly supported.

Taxonomic review of the genus Euboeus s. str. Boieldieu, 1865 (= Probaticus s. str. Seidlitz, 1896, syn. n.) (Coleoptera, Tenebrionidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 4358 (3) ◽  
pp. 494 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.V. NABOZHENKO ◽  
N.B. NIKITSKY ◽  
B. KESKIN
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Junior Synonym ◽  
New Combinations ◽  
Taxonomic Review ◽  
New Synonyms ◽  
Taxonomic History ◽  
New Synonymy ◽  
Coleoptera Tenebrionidae

The taxonomic history and position of the genera Euboeus and Probaticus within the tribe Helopini are discussed. A new synonymy, based on morphological characters is established: Euboeus Boieldieu, 1865 = Probaticus (s. str.) Seidlitz, 1896, syn. n. As a result, 67 new combinations (from Probaticus to Euboeus) are estabished for all species formerly placed in Probaticus. A review of Euboeus s. str. with four species (Balkanian-Anatolian E. mimonti Boieldieu, 1865 and E. tentyrioides (Küster, 1851), Greek E. mori (Brullé, 1832), and Anatolian E. parvostriatus sp. n.) is given. Three new synonyms are established for Euboeus tentyrioides (= Micispa bysantica Motschulsky, 1858, syn. n.; = Micispa pyraei Motschulsky, 1858, syn. nov.; = Micispa graeca Motschulsky, 1858, syn. n.). The forgotten name Helops (Euboeus) parvicollis Baudi di Selve, 1876, nomen oblitum (junior synonym of E. tentyrioides) is discussed. A lectotype is designated for Helops tentyrioides. A key to the four species within the revised Euboeus sensu stricto, along with distributions and images, is provided. 

Cladistic analysis supports the monophyly of the Neotropical crab spider genus Epicadus and its senior synonymy over Tobias (Araneae : Thomisidae)

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel Machado ◽  
Renato A. Teixeira ◽  
Arno A. Lise
Keyword(s):  
Cladistic Analysis ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Junior Synonym ◽  
New Combination ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Character Weighting ◽  
Crab Spider ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
New Synonymy

The present paper presents a cladistic analysis of the spider genus Tobias Simon, 1895. The analyses were based on a matrix with 29 terminal taxa scored for 86 morphological characters, with a dataset tested under two methodologies for character weighting (i.e. equal and implied weighting). Both analyses supported the paraphyletic relationship of Tobias with Epicadus Simon, 1895, with the former considered a junior synonym of the latter (new synonymy). Onocolus, Epicadinus and Epicadus form a clade supported by two synapomorphies, corroborating previous taxonomic assumptions regarding the proximity of these genera. Epicadus has two lineages: the ‘pustulosus clade’, comprising bark-like individuals that camouflage themselves on tree trunks and branches, and the ‘heterogaster clade’, which consists of a group of spiders that present a wide range of polychromatism and use flowers as hunting sites. Synonymies are presented and a new combination for all species previously assigned as part of Tobias is proposed. Epicadus now comprises nine species.

Paraswammerdamia ruthiella Steuer, 1993 a junior synonym of P. albicapitella (Scharfenberg, 1805) (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutidae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-150
Author(s):  
David Agassiz
Keyword(s):  
Distinct Species ◽  
Junior Synonym

The case for retaining Paraswammerdamia ruthiella Steuer, 1993 as a good species is reviewed. It should be regarded as a junior synonym of P. albicapitella (Scharfenberg, 1805), since there is no further evidence that it is a distinct species.

Three new species, two new genera, and new family Biphragmosagittidae (Сhaetognatha) from Southwest Pacific Ocean

2011 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 161-173
Author(s):  
A.P. Kassatkina
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
The Body ◽  
New Order ◽  
New Genera ◽  
New Family ◽  
The Family ◽  
Three New Species

Resuming published and own data, a revision of classification of Chaetognatha is presented. The family Sagittidae Claus & Grobben, 1905 is given a rank of subclass, Sagittiones, characterised, in particular, by the presence of two pairs of sac-like gelatinous structures or two pairs of fins. Besides the order Aphragmophora Tokioka, 1965, it contains the new order Biphragmosagittiformes ord. nov., which is a unique group of Chaetognatha with an unusual combination of morphological characters: the transverse muscles present in both the trunk and the tail sections of the body; the seminal vesicles simple, without internal complex compartments; the presence of two pairs of lateral fins. The only family assigned to the new order, Biphragmosagittidae fam. nov., contains two genera. Diagnoses of the two new genera, Biphragmosagitta gen. nov. (type species B. tarasovi sp. nov. and B. angusticephala sp. nov.) and Biphragmofastigata gen. nov. (type species B. fastigata sp. nov.), detailed descriptions and pictures of the three new species are presented.

scholarly journals Digital 3D models of theropods for approaching body-mass distribution and volume

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matías Reolid ◽  
Francisco J. Cardenal ◽  
Jesús Reolid
Keyword(s):  
Body Length ◽  
Heat Dissipation ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
3D Models ◽  
The Body ◽  
3D Analysis ◽  
Skull Length ◽  
Knowing That ◽  
Fossil Bones ◽  
Primitive Forms

AbstractThe aim of this work is to obtain diverse morphometric data from digitized 3D models of scientifically accurate palaeoreconstructions of theropods from eight representative families. The analysed polyvinyl chloride (PVC) models belong to the genera Coelophysis, Dilophosaurus, Ceratosaurus, Allosaurus, Baryonyx, Carnotaurus, Giganotosaurus, and Tyrannosaurus. The scanned 3D models were scaled considering different body-size estimations of the literature. The 3D analysis of these genera provides information on the skull length and body length that allows for recognition of major evolutionary trends. The skull length/body length in the studied genera increases according with the size of the body from the smallest Coelophysis with a ratio of 0.093 to ratios of 0.119–0.120 for Tyrannosaurus and Giganotosaurus, the largest study theropods. The study of photogrammetric 3D models also provides morphometric information that cannot be obtained from the study of bones alone, but knowing that all reconstructions begin from the fossil bones, such as the surface/volume ratio (S/V). For the studied theropod genera surface/volume ratio ranges from 35.21 for Coelophysis to 5.55 for Tyrannosaurus. This parameter, closely related to the heat dissipation, help in the characterization of the metabolism of extinct taxa. Accordingly, slender primitive forms of the Early Jurassic (i.e. Coelophysis and Dilophosaurus) had relatively smaller skulls and higher mass-specific metabolic rates than the robust large theropods of the Cretaceous (i.e. Giganotosaurus and Tyrannosaurus). This work presents a technique that, when applied to proper dinosaur models, provides extent and accurate data that may help in diverse study areas within the dinosaur palaeontology and palaeobiology.

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