The Petrography of the Sands of the Upper Lias and Lower Inferior Oolite in the West of England

1924 ◽  
Vol 61 (6) ◽  
pp. 246-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. G. H. Boswell
Keyword(s):  
Mineralogical Composition ◽  
Fine Sand ◽  
General Character ◽  
Reciprocal Relation ◽  
The South ◽  
The West ◽  
South West ◽  
North And South ◽  
Pale Green

The main conclusions of the paper may be briefly stated thus:—1. The deposits, which are of neritic facies, possess a characteristic and peculiar mechanical and mineralogical composition, differing therein from any other British deposit.2. They exhibit a general constancy in grade from the Dorset coast to the Cotteswolds. Within this limit they conform to two chief types containing respectively 40 to 50 and 60 to 80 per cent, of the very fine sand grade (greater than 0·05 and less than 0·1 mm.). No variation of mechanical composition with hemeral change can be observed.3. The sands are blue and glauconitic in depth. At the surface they are decalcified and are yellow and brown as a result of oxidation. Minerals such as pyrite and pyrrhotite occur only in depth.4. The mineralogical composition indicates an abundance of highly angular brownish-pink to colourless garnets (possibly derived from rocks like those of the Lizard), but few red or purplish-red varieties; also of micas (including a pseudo-uniaxial, pale-green to colourless variety), together with chlorite, chloritoid, kyanite, staurolite, orthoclase, and microcline.5. Tourmaline is only moderately common and is always the grey-brown variety.6. The abundance of titanium-minerals is characteristic of the deposits. Red and yellow varieties of rutile and sagenite-webs are exceedingly abundant, and anatase, brookite, and sphene are locally so. A reciprocal relation may exist between the occurrence of sphene, ilmenite, and the oxides of titanium.7. Epidote and glaucophane are rare.8. Chlorite, chloritoid, glaucophane, kyanite, and staurolite increase in quantity as the deposits are traced southwards.9. A change in lithology and mineralogy sets in as the deposits are followed north-eastwards into the Midlands and Yorkshire.10. The sands differ markedly in petrology from the various Palæozoic rocks of Wales and the West Country, from the Trias, and from the Cretaceous and Eocene of Devon and Dorset.11. The Ordovician, Domerian, Toarcian, and Aalenian of Normandy and Brittany have been examined petrologically for purposes of comparison, but show little resemblance to the sediments under discussion, having been derived locally from the Palæozoic and pre-Cambrian rocks.12. It is concluded that the Lias–Inferior Oolite sands have been derived from the south or south-west, notably from rocks like those of western Brittany.13. The rise of the Mendip axis was not sufficiently complete at this time to cut off the supply of sediment from the south or south-west. The deposits north and south of the ridge have the same general character.

I 10, 10-11: Casa Degli Amanti

1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger Ling ◽  
Paul Arthur ◽  
Georgia Clarke ◽  
Estelle Lazer ◽  
Lesley A. Ling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Central Axis ◽  
The South ◽  
The West ◽  
The North ◽  
Small Window ◽  
South West ◽  
Dining Room ◽  
North Wall ◽  
North And South

The casa degli amanti (house of the lovers), at the south-west corner of the insula, falls into two fairly distinct halves: the atrium complex, oriented on the street to the west, and the peristyle with its surrounding rooms, oriented on the street to the south and on the property boundary to the east. In the atrium complex, the atrium is misplaced to the south of the central axis, allowing space for two large rooms to the north, one of which was possibly a shop or workshop (5.50 m. × 4.70 m.), with a separate entry from the street (I 10, 10), while the other (5.80 m. × 4.50 m.), decorated with mythological wallpaintings and provided with a wide opening on to the peristyle, must have been a dining-room or oecus (room 8). Each of these had a segmental vault rising from a height of about 3.50 m. at the spring to slightly over 4 m. at the crown. In the first the vault is missing, but the holes for some of its timbers are visible in the east wall and a groove along the north wall marks the seating for the planking attached to them; at a higher level, in the north and south walls, are the remains of beam-holes for the joists of the upper floor or attic (see below). The arrangements in room 8 are now obscured by the modern vault constructed to provide a surface for the reassembled fragments of the ceiling-paintings; but the shape of the vault is confirmed by the surviving plaster of the lunettes, while a beam-hole for the lowest of the vault-timbers is visible above the corner of the western lunette in an early photograph (Superintendency neg. C 1944). The shop I 10, 10 had a small window high in the street wall to the south of Its entrance; whether there were any additional windows above the entrance, it is impossible to say, since this part of the wall is a modern reconstruction. Room 8 was lit by a splayed window cut in the angle of the vault and the eastern lunette, opening into the upper storey of the peristyle.

The Base and Top of the Coral-rock in Barbados

1937 ◽  
Vol 74 (8) ◽  
pp. 337-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. T. Trechmann
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
The South ◽  
The West ◽  
East Part ◽  
Varying Thickness ◽  
South West ◽  
New Information ◽  
Main Portion ◽  
Coral Rock

1. The coral-rock commences nearly everywhere with a basal bed of varying thickness containing a fauna of pre-Pleistocene aspect among which the genus Haliotis (absent from these coasts at the present day), Pleurotomaria, Meiocardia, etc., are noticeable. This faunule may have lived at a depth of 700–1,000 feet.2. The supposition that the southerly anticlines are a later uplift than the main portion of Barbados is supported by the absence of ravines, and the presence of post-coral-rock beds which occur as coastal veneers at low altitudes, and in greater thickness in the south-east corner near Whitehaven.3. The south-east part of the island from Consett Point to Ragged Point has probably extended further seawards in comparatively recent times ; the series of converging faults and dislocations in the cliff sections suggest that the thrusts from the west or south-west may have been resisted by this part of the island.4. The relative claims of fault-scarping or marine erosion in production of the rising terraces is discussed ; and new information regarding the thickness of the coral-rock at sea-level from a boring is detailed.5. The finding of a faunule with Pliocene or possibly Miocene affinities at the base of the coral-rock puts the Oceanic series further back, into the Miocene.

scholarly journals The Results of a Chemical, Microscopical and Bacteriological Examination of Samples of London Milks

1907 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Tanner Hewlett ◽  
George S. Barton
Keyword(s):  
Bacteriological Examination ◽  
Milk Supply ◽  
The South ◽  
The West ◽  
The North ◽  
South West ◽  
Pure Milk

In view of the importance of a pure milk supply, we considered that it might be of interest to examine chemically, microscopically, and bacteriologically, a number of specimens of milk coming into the Metropolis for which purpose we decided to select samples from the various counties, the milk of which is consigned to London. We found that milk so consigned comes from about twenty-six counties extending from Derby in the North, to Hampshire and Devonshire in the South and South-West, and from Hereford in the West, to Norfolk in the East.

Studies in the geology and mineralogy of soils: II. Soils of South-East Scotland

1929 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 802-813 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Hart
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Content ◽  
Mineralogical Composition ◽  
Fine Sand ◽  
Parent Material ◽  
The South ◽  
Sand Fraction ◽  
Silicate Minerals ◽  
Fresh State ◽  
The Matrix

(1) The mineralogical composition of the fine sand fraction of certain soils from the south-east of Scotland is described.(2) The soils are shown to possess a fairly high content of silicate minerals in a comparatively fresh state.(3) The distribution and amount of potash, phosphate and lime-bearing minerals in the soils is discussed.(4) The soils can be grouped according to their mineral content and this grouping is found to depend on the geology of the parent material.(5) All the soils are formed on glacial drift and the results suggest that the local rocks have a preponderating influence on the composition of the matrix of the drift.

Prehistoric Roads and Tracks in Somerset, England: 2. Neolithic

1970 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 125-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
John M. Coles ◽  
F. Alan Hibbert ◽  
Colin F. Clements
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
The South ◽  
The West ◽  
The Third ◽  
The North ◽  
South West ◽  
Extensive Region ◽  
Peat Deposits ◽  
Third Millennium ◽  
South West England

The Somerset Levels are the largest area of low-lying ground in south-west England, covering an extensive region between the highlands of Exmoor, the Brendon Hills and the Quantock Hills to the west, and the Cotswold and Mendip Hills to the east (Pl. XXIII, inset). The Quantock Hills and the Mendip Hills directly border the Levels themselves, and reach heights of over 250 metres above sea level. The valley between extends to 27 metres below sea level, but is filled to approximately the height of the present sea by a blue-grey clay. The Levels are bisected by the limestone hills of the Poldens, and both parts have other smaller areas of limestone and sand projecting above the peat deposits that cap the blue-grey clay filling. In this paper we are concerned with the northern part of the Levels, an area at present drained by the River Brue.The flat, peat-covered floor of the Brue Valley is some six kilometres wide and is flanked on the north by the Wedmore Ridge, and on the south by the Polden Hills (Pl. XXIII). In the centre of the valley, surrounded by the peat, is a group of islands of higher ground, Meare, Westhay, and Burtle. These islands, which would always have provided relatively dry ground in the Levels, are linked together by Neolithic trackways of the third millennium B.C. Several of these trackways formed the basis of a paper in these Proceedings in 1968 (Coles and Hibbert, 1968), which continued the work of Godwin and others (Godwin, 1960; Dewar and Godwin, 1963).

Ancient Cultivations at Housesteads, Northumberland

Antiquity ◽  
1931 ◽  
Vol 5 (19) ◽  
pp. 351-354
Author(s):  
W. Percy Hedley
Keyword(s):  
The South ◽  
The West ◽  
South Side ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Hadrian's Wall ◽  
The Military ◽  
The Hill ◽  
North And South

The Roman Fort of Borcovicium at Housesteads in Northumberland should need no introduction to anyone interested in archaeology. During the last year it has been brought into great prominence by being presented to the Nation by Mr John Maurice Clayton, and through its close proximity to the portion of Hadrian’s Wall recently threatened by quarrying operations.The fort at Housesteads was one of the earliest to be examined by British antiquaries, but although it has received so much attention its environs have been almost entirely disregarded. On both sides of the Military Way leading out of the west gateway was an extensive civil settlement, and traces of buildings can be seen on the south side of the fort. The hillside sloping to the southward is covered with the remains of early cultivations. These have generally been accepted as of Romano-British age. There are, however, two distinct systems of early cultivation. To the southwest of the fort there is a series of terraces running along the hillside, but on the southeast of the fort there are lynchets running north and south at regular interva up and down the hillside. From the hill to the south of Housesteads it can be clearly seen that where there is terrace cultivation it has been superimposed on the earlier system of lynchets, and this is also shown in air photographs.

Athens Honours Proxenos (IG i2. 146)

1974 ◽  
Vol 69 ◽  
pp. 295-298
Author(s):  
Michael B. Walbank
Keyword(s):  
West Coast ◽  
Fifth Century ◽  
Small Island ◽  
The South ◽  
The West ◽  
South West

This document is one of a number of Attic proxeny-decrees that A. G. Woodhead considered to be evidence for Athenian concern with the south-west Aegean towards the end of the fifth century B.C. He identified the honorand Proxenos as a native of Chalke, a small island off the west coast of Rhodes. I share the view of J. and L. Robert that Woodhead has not proved his case either for the date or for the ethnic.The inscription is non-stoichedon, its engraving inexpert and careless, with several mistakes untidily erased and corrected. There is a mixture of Attic and Ionic letter-forms in the first three lines (gamma, eta, and lambda are Ionic, while xi is written chi sigma); otherwise the lettering is Attic, indicating a date before 403 B.C.

Population and Habitat Selection of the Noisy Scrub-bird, Atrichornis clamosus, 1962-83

1985 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 479 ◽  
Author(s):  
GT Smith
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Selection ◽  
Incomplete Data ◽  
The South ◽  
The West ◽  
Population Index ◽  
South West ◽  
Number Of Males ◽  
Selection Of

The noisy scrub-bird Atrichornis clamosus at Two Peoples Bay was censused, the number of singing males being used as the population index. Incomplete data from 1962 to 1968 suggest that the number of males varied from 40 to 50 during this period. The first rigorous census found 45 males in 1970 and this number increased to 138 in 1983. The most likely reason for this increase is the absence of fire from the area since 1970. Since 1975 the population has expanded out of its headland stronghold to the south-west of Two Peoples Bay to form a subpopulation around Lake Gardner that is well separated from the headland population by roads, firebreaks and a strip of control burnt blocks. The growth of this subpopulation has added a further safeguard to the population. Observations on the vegetation formations (heath, thicket, low forest A and low forest B) used by male noisy scrub-birds on the headland indicate that most of the best habitat (low forest B) is occupied and that an increasing number of males are occupying suboptimal habitat (heath and thicket). There is sufficiently good habitat to the west of Lake Gardner to allow at least 30 additional males to live in the area.

Forest Dialect

English Today ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 70-76
Author(s):  
Michelle Straw
Keyword(s):  
Identity Construction ◽  
Nation State ◽  
The South ◽  
The West ◽  
South West ◽  
Special Place ◽  
West Midlands ◽  
National Borders

The Forest of Dean (henceforth Forest) is one of the lesser known English Royal Forests. The area is considered locally to be a special place with a distinctive dialect. The Forest lies at the intersection of three regions: South East Wales, West Country, also known as the South West, and the West Midlands. The Forest is situated between two rivers: the River Severn to the East separates it from the rest of Gloucestershire; the River Wye to the West separates it from Wales. National borders and physical boundaries seem to play an important role in identity construction. ‘Identities matter most’ (Llamas & Watt, 2010: 17) to those communities ‘at the physical margins of the nation state’ (Llamas, 2010: 225). Such communities may engage in practices that differentiate their dialect and situate it at the centre of their own region.

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