SERVICE CENTRES IN RURAL DEVELOPMENT : A CASE STUDY OF JAUNPUR DISTRICT, UTTAR PRADESH

This paper attempts to deal with the identifying the service centers and calculation of the spatial arrangement with complementary area of service centres in Jaunpur district Jaunpur district of Uttar Pradesh. The study area is situated in Eastern Uttar Pradesh of the Middle Ganga Plain. The study is exclusively based on secondary data collected at block level from different offices. The centrality score has been calculated on the basis of three type of indices like functional centrality index, working population index and tertiary population index. There are 31 function or services selected judicially from five sectors (administrative, agricultural and financial, educational, health and transport and communication) to measure the centrality of service centre. The thissen polygon and berry breaking point method has been used for measure the complementary area. Total 88 service centres have been identified as first, second, third, fourth and fifth order service centre. The number of I, II, III, IV, and V order centres accounts for 43, 24, 16, 4, and 1 respectively.

Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Indeks Populasi Lalat pada Tempat Penampungan Sementara (TPS) Sampah di Pasar Kota Malang dan Kota Batu

The temporary shelter of garbage in the market is an ideal location for the life of flies. The temperature and humidity of the air in the temporary shelters support the increasing fly population in the market. The increasing population of flies is feared to contaminate food and drinks sold in the market. This is because flies are mechanical vectors for various pathogenic microorganisms that can endanger human health. This study uses a survey method with a cross-sectional approach. Temperature and humidity were measured using an android-based application, while the fly population was measured using a flygrill. The data were analyzed using the Pearson Correlation test to see the correlation between the average temperature and average humidity with the fly population index. The results of this study indicate that there is no correlation between the average temperature and the fly population index. There is a correlation between the average humidity in the afternoon and the Flies Population Index in the morning. The correlation between the two is a strong negative. Abstrak: Tempat penampungan sementara sampah pasar merupakan lokasi yang ideal bagi kehidupan lalat. Suhu dan kelembaban udara yang ada di tempat penampungan sementara mendukung meningkatnya populasi lalat di pasar. Meningkatnya populasi lalat dikhawatirkan akan mengkontaminasi makanan dan minuman yang dijual di pasar. Hal tersebut dikarenakan lalat merupakan vektor mekanik bagi berbagai mikroorganisme patogen yang dapat membahayakan kesehatan manusia. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode survei dengan pendekatan cross Sectional. Suhu dan kelembaban diukur dengan menggunakan aplikasi berbasis android, sedangkan populasi lalat diukur dengan menggunakan fly grill. Data dianalisis dengan uji Pearson Correlation untuk melihat korelasi antara suhu rata-rata dan kelembaban rata-rata dengan indeks populasi lalat. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan tidak terdapat korelasi suhu rata-rata dengan indeks populasi lalat. Terdapat korelasi antara kelembaban rata-rata pada waktu sore hari dengan Indeks Populasi Lalat pada waktu pagi hari. Hubungan korelasi di antara keduanya bersifat negatif kuat.

Characterisation of the Perseid meteoroid stream through SPOSH observations between 2010–2016

We have characterised the Perseid meteoroid stream from data acquired in a series of observing campaigns between 2010 and 2016. The data presented in this work were obtained by the Smart Panoramic Optical Sensor Head (SPOSH), an all-sky camera system designed to image faint transient noctilucent phenomena on dark planetary hemispheres. For the data reduction, a sophisticated software package was developed that utilises the high geometric and photometric quality of images obtained by the camera system. We identify 934 meteors as Perseids, observed over a long period between late July (~124°) and mid-to-late August (~147°). The maximum meteor activity contributing to the annual shower was found at λ⊙ = 140°.08 ± 0°.07. The radiant of the shower was estimated at RA = 47°.2 and Dec = 57°.5 with a median error of 0°.6 and 0°.2, respectively. The mean population index of the shower between solar longitudes of 120°.68 and 145°.19 was r = 2.36 ± 0.05, showing strong temporal variation. A predicted outburst in shower activity for the night of August 11–12, 2016 was confirmed, with a peak observed 12.75 hr before the annual maximum at 23:30 ± 15′ UT. We measure a peak flux of 6.1 × 10−4 km−2 hr−1 for meteoroids of mass 1.6 × 10−2 g or more, appearing in the time period between 23:00 and 00:00 UT. We estimate the measured flux of the outburst meteoroids to be approximately twice as high as the annual meteoroid flux of the same mass. The population index of r = 2.19 ± 0.08, computed from the outburst Perseids in 2016, is higher than the value of r = 1.92 ± 0.06 derived from meteors observed in 2015 belonging to the annual Perseid shower which was active near the time of the outburst. A dust trail with an unusually high population index of r = 3.58 ± 0.24 was encountered in 2013 between solar longitudes 136°.261 and 137°.442. The relatively high r-value implies an encounter with a dust trail rich in low-mass particles.

A EVOLUÇÃO DA MALHA MUNICIPAL DO ESTADO DO PARANÁ E AS PROPOSIÇÕES RECENTES

THE EVOLUTION OF THE MUNICIPAL NETWORK OF THE STATE OF PARANÁ AND THE RECENT PROPOSITIONSLA EVOLUCIÓN DE LA MALLA MUNICIPAL DEL ESTADO DEL PARANÁ Y LAS PROPUESTAS RECIENTESO presente artigo aborda a evolução da malha municipal no estado do Paraná a partir da criação de novos municípios, destacando os processos constitucionais e os elementos estimuladores que ocasionaram na atual configuração territorial. Além disso, tendo em vista as recentes proposições sobre a temática no Brasil e no Paraná, apresentam-se também os PLS recentes sobre a temática e a sugestão do Tribunal de Contas do estado do Paraná – TCE-PR para a fusão de municípios com baixo índice populacional, demonstrando as potencialidades caso estas proposições se efetivassem. Desta forma, pode-se afirmar que a divisão do território paranaense em unidades político-administrativas está vinculada a própria formação histórico-geográfica do estado e, mais recentemente, ao que se refere aos municípios pequenos, a Constituição Federal de 1988 que promoveu a criação de municípios com baixo índice populacional no interior do estado. No tocante as proposições recentes, em especial ao estudo para fusão de municípios do TCE-PR, apresenta-se a percepção da política local em municípios pequenos do estado do Paraná, demonstrando resistência à proposta. Todavia, os PLS e a proposta do TCE-PR permanecem apenas como proposições e o Brasil necessita de regulamentações para a fusão, incorporação e criação de municípios em todos os estados da federação.Palavras-chave: Emancipações; Município; Projetos recentes.ABSTRACT The present article approaches the evolution of the municipal network in the state of Paraná, starting from the creation of new municipalities, highlighting the constitutional processes and the stimulating elements that have caused in the current territorial configuration. In addition, in view of the recent proposals on the subject in Brazil and Paraná, we also present the recent PLS on the subject and the suggestion of the Court of Auditors of the state of Paraná - TCE-PR for the merger of municipalities with low population index, demonstrating the potentialities if these propositions become effective. In this way, it can be affirmed that the division of Paraná's territory into political-administrative units is linked to the state's own historical-geographical formation and, more recently, to what refers to small municipalities, the 1988 Federal Constitution that promoted creation of municipalities with low population index in the interior of the country. With regard to the recent proposals, especially to the study for the merger of municipalities of the TCE-PR, the perception of local politics in small municipalities of the state of Paraná is presented, demonstrating resistance to the proposal. However, the PLS and the TCE-PR proposal remain only propositions and Brazil needs regulations for the merger, incorporation and creation of municipalities in all states of the federation.Keywords: Emancipations; County; Recent Projects.RESUMENEl presente artículo aborda la evolución de la malla municipal en el estado de Paraná a partir de la creación de nuevos municipios, destacando los procesos constitucionales y los elementos estimuladores que ocasionaron en la actual configuración territorial. Además, teniendo en vista las recientes proposiciones sobre la temática en Brasil y en el Paraná, se presentan también los PLS recientes sobre la temática y la sugerencia del Tribunal de Cuentas del estado de Paraná - TCE-PR para la fusión de municipios con bajo índice poblacional, demostrando las potencialidades si estas proposiciones se efectúen. De esta forma, se puede afirmar que la división del territorio paranaense en unidades político-administrativas está vinculada a la propia formación histórico-geográfica del estado y, más recientemente, al que se refiere a los municipios pequeños, la Constitución Federal de 1988 que promovió la la creación de municipios con bajo índice poblacional en el interior del país. En cuanto a las propuestas recientes, en especial al estudio para fusión de municipios del TCE-PR, se presenta la percepción de la política local en municipios pequeños del estado de Paraná, demostrando resistencia a la propuesta. Sin embargo, los PLS y la propuesta del TCE-PR permanecen sólo como proposiciones y Brasil necesita de regulaciones para la fusión, incorporación y creación de municipios en todos los estados de la federación.Palabras clave: Emancipaciones; Municipio; Proyectos Recientes.

Visual Observations as Exercises in Physics

Visual meteor observations are a fun and interesting approach to astronomy and to scientific research in general. It can be used for laboratory or practical exercises in physics at high schools and universities. The students can personally collect and analyze the acquired data. The output consists of Zenithal Hourly Rate (ZHR) values, spatial density and population index. In this paper, the so called counting method is described as it is the most suitable method for beginners. As a practical example, the ZHR curve of the Lyrid meteor shower was evaluated and the maximum and the duration of the shower were calculated.