scholarly journals An Ichthyosaurus breviceps collected by Mary Anning: new information on the species

2013 ◽  
Vol 151 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
JUDY A. MASSARE ◽  
DEAN R. LOMAX
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Lower Jurassic ◽  
Pelvic Girdle ◽  
Caudal Region ◽  
New Information ◽  
Six Elements

AbstractAn ichthyosaur in the collections of the Sedgwick Museum, Cambridge (CAMSMX.50187) was collected in the nineteenth century by the renowned fossil collector Mary Anning, but has never been adequately described in the literature. As an Anning specimen, it is certainly from the Lower Jurassic of Lyme Regis, west Dorset. The near complete presacral skeleton is lying on its left side and includes a complete skull, one complete and one partial forefin, pectoral bones, all six elements of the pelvic girdle, and both hindfins. The centra in the anterior caudal region, however, are from another individual and may have replaced the original ones. The specimen is identified as Ichthyosaurus based on the morphology of the humerus and forefin. It is assigned to I. breviceps on the basis of the relatively short snout, large eye, and tall neural spines. This is the only known specimen of I. breviceps to preserve a complete pelvis. Notably, the ilium is longer than the pubis and ischium, and the pubis is longer than the ischium. This individual is the largest I. breviceps reported in the literature, with jaw length of 33.5 cm and estimated length from snout to tail bend of 1.6 m.

scholarly journals An Ichthyosaurus breviceps collected by Mary Anning: New information on the species

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dean Lomax
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Lower Jurassic ◽  
Pelvic Girdle ◽  
Caudal Region ◽  
New Information ◽  
Six Elements ◽  
The 19Th Century

An ichthyosaur in the collections of the Sedgwick Museum (CAMSMX.50187) was collected in the 19th century by the renowned fossil collector Mary Anning, but has never been adequately described in the literature. As an Anning specimen, it is certainly from the Lower Jurassic of Lyme Regis, west Dorset. The near complete presacral skeleton is lying on its left side and includes a complete skull, one complete and one partial forefin, pectoral bones, all six elements of the pelvic girdle, and both hindfins. The centra in the anterior caudal region, however, are from another individual and may have replaced the original ones. The specimen is identified as Ichthyosaurus based on the morphology of the humerus and forefin. It is assigned to I. breviceps on the basis of the relatively short snout, large eye, and tall neural spines. This is the only known specimen of I. breviceps to preserve a complete pelvis. Notably, the ilium is longer than the pubis and ischium, and the pubis is longer than the ischium. This individual is the largest I. breviceps reported in the literature, with jaw length of 33.5 cm and estimated length from snout to tail bend of 1.6 m.

scholarly journals Institutional Transplant and Cultural Proximity: Evidence from Nineteenth-Century Prussia

2019 ◽  
Vol 79 (4) ◽  
pp. 1060-1093
Author(s):  
Giampaolo Lecce ◽  
Laura Ogliari
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Natural Experiment ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Religious Affiliation ◽  
Institutional Reforms ◽  
Cultural Heterogeneity ◽  
Cultural Proximity ◽  
New Information ◽  
New Institutions

This article presents evidence that cultural proximity between the exporting and the receiving countries positively affects the adoption of new institutions and the resulting long-term economic outcomes. We obtain this result by combining new information on pre-Napoleonic principalities with county-level census data from nineteenth-century Prussia. We exploit a quasi-natural experiment generated by radical Napoleonic institutional reforms and the deeply rooted cultural heterogeneity across Prussian counties. We show that institutional reforms in counties that are culturally more similar to France, in terms of religious affiliation, generate better long-term economic performance.

scholarly journals A revision of the early neotheropod genus Sarcosaurus from the Early Jurassic (Hettangian–Sinemurian) of central England

2020 ◽  
Vol 191 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martín D Ezcurra ◽  
Richard J Butler ◽  
Susannah C R Maidment ◽  
Ivan J Sansom ◽  
Luke E Meade ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type Species ◽  
Lower Jurassic ◽  
Upper Triassic ◽  
Early Jurassic ◽  
Late Triassic ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
Character State ◽  
New Information ◽  
Evolutionary Radiation ◽  
Nomina Dubia

Abstract Neotheropoda represents the main evolutionary radiation of predatory dinosaurs and its oldest records come from Upper Triassic rocks (c. 219 Mya). The Early Jurassic record of Neotheropoda is taxonomically richer and geographically more widespread than that of the Late Triassic. The Lower Jurassic (upper Hettangian–lower Sinemurian) rocks of central England have yielded three neotheropod specimens that have been assigned to two species within the genus Sarcosaurus, S. woodi (type species) and S. andrewsi. These species have received little attention in discussions of the early evolution of Neotheropoda and recently have been considered as nomina dubia. Here, we provide a detailed redescription of one of these specimens (WARMS G667–690) and reassess the taxonomy and phylogenetic relationships of the genus Sarcosaurus. We propose that the three neotheropod specimens from the Early Jurassic of central England represent a single valid species, S. woodi. The second species of the genus, ‘S. andrewsi’, is a subjective junior synonym of the former. A quantitative phylogenetic analysis of early theropods recovered S. woodi as one of the closest sister-taxa to Averostra and provides new information on the sequence of character state transformations in the lead up to the phylogenetic split between Ceratosauria and Tetanurae.

Georges Gilles de la Tourette (1857–1904)

2018 ◽  
pp. 3-18
Author(s):  
Olivier Walusinski
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Family Environment ◽  
Family Life ◽  
Historical Study ◽  
Married Life ◽  
New Information ◽  
The Family ◽  
Key Events ◽  
The Village

This chapter clarifies the toponymic origin of Georges Gilles de la Tourette’s family name, describes the family environment in which he grew up, details his married life, and also introduces his children. It presents also the key events in Gilles de la Tourette’s personal and family life together, giving some idea of how the provincial bourgeoisie lived in France during the nineteenth century. All of the new information in the chapter is based on family archives that were found in a museum in the village of Loudun, in western France. These archives have never before been used for historical study.

Iwe Itan Ọyọ: A Traditional Yoruba History and its Author

1989 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 301-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toyin FalỌla ◽  
Michel R. Doortmont
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Sierra Leone ◽  
Political Institutions ◽  
Oral Traditions ◽  
The Political ◽  
Original Text ◽  
New Information ◽  
Bachelor Of Arts ◽  
History Of ◽  
Cultural Features

This article offers a translation of M. C. Adeyẹmi's book, A History of Old and New Ọyọ, completed in Yoruba in 1914. The original text comprises 32 pages, divided into ten short chapters, six of which treat the history of Ọyọ from the origins to 1914. The remaining four chapters examine cultural and political institutions. The translation retains the flavour of the original text which stems from a tradition of Yoruba oral historiography. M. C. Adeyẹmi was trained by the C.M.S., and had a Bachelor of Arts degree in education at Fourah Bay College, Sierra Leone. Between 1911 and 1942, he combined the functions of educationalist and missionary. His short book, which refers to no published or unpublished written work, is based on Ọyọ oral traditions describing the major developments in the political history of Ọyọ. The author did not moralise on wars and the collapse of the Ọyọ empire, nor did he use the book as a means of propagating Ọyọ hegemony in Yorubaland.The book is significant in many ways: it is a representative example of Ọyọ traditions as they existed at the beginning of this century; it complements Johnson's The History of the Yorubas where both describe the same event; it is very useful for understanding how ‘traditional’ historians study society; and it provides new information on Ọyọ in the nineteenth century and on some cultural features of the Yoruba.

The Hettangian–Sinemurian (Lower Jurassic) strata of Redcar, Cleveland Basin, NE England: facies and palaeoecology

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-87
Author(s):  
J. W. Atkinson ◽  
P. B. Wignall ◽  
K. N. Page
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Water Column ◽  
Mass Extinction ◽  
Lower Jurassic ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Size Distributions ◽  
Winter Storms ◽  
Shell Beds ◽  
Beach Sands ◽  
Late Nineteenth

The foreshore at Redcar hosts the oldest Jurassic succession exposed on the Yorkshire-Cleveland Coast but has received little attention since the late nineteenth century. Temporary removal of beach sands by winter storms early in 2018 allowed for a sedimentological and palaeontological study of a nearly 60 m-thick foreshore section. The rocks are latest Hettangian to Early Sinemurian in age (Early Jurassic) and comprise five coarsening-upward cycles (parasequences) that grade from mudstones through siltstones into Gryphaea-rich shell beds. Ammonites are reasonably common along with a diverse benthos that includes abundant bivalves (e.g. Gryphaea, Cardinia, Luciniola, Plagiostoma and Oxytoma) and rarer serpulids, gastropods, foraminifera and solitary corals. In the upper part of the section thicker-shelled taxa are commonly bored by cirripedes and bryozoans. Despite relatively high benthic diversity and intense bioturbation, pyrite framboids are common with size distributions suggesting deposition under a moderately oxygen-restricted water column. The Redcar succession post-dates the end-Triassic mass extinction by as much as 4 Ma and the diverse marine assemblages indicate that recovery was substantially complete by this time.

A law unto herself: the solitary odyssey of M. E. Harkness

2019 ◽  
pp. 17-38
Author(s):  
Terry Elkiss
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Active Engagement ◽  
Life Narrative ◽  
Political Work ◽  
New Information ◽  
The World ◽  
Form Part ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Social Reformers

This biographical chapter presents new information about Harkness’s eventful life. In spite of her active engagement with many of the leading writers, radicals, and social reformers in late nineteenth-century London, as well as her own political work and literary labour and extensive travels, relatively little is known about Margaret Elise Harkness. Four continents form part of her life narrative, which is only now beginning to reveal a more nuanced picture of her activities, associations, and accomplishments than was previously presumed. The consideration of newly uncovered materials on her is an exploration that extends beyond ‘darkest Londonʼ and suggests that there are additional relevant details that should be attached to her resume. Libraries and archives around the world possess key documents to enlighten her ideas pursuits, but there are also other unexpected settings and sources for a preliminary biographical investigation of the woman who was more than the author designated as John Law.

New heterodontosaurid specimens from the Lower Jurassic of southern Africa and the early ornithischian dinosaur radiation

2010 ◽  
Vol 101 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 351-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura B. Porro ◽  
Richard J. Butler ◽  
Paul M. Barrett ◽  
Scott Moore-Fay ◽  
Richard L. Abel
Keyword(s):  
Southern Africa ◽  
Niche Partitioning ◽  
Type Specimen ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Lower Jurassic ◽  
Large Individual ◽  
New Taxon ◽  
New Information ◽  
Dietary Niche ◽  
Stratigraphic Ranges

ABSTRACTHeterodontosaurids are poorly understood early ornithischian dinosaurs with extensive geographic and stratigraphic ranges. The group is best known from the Lower Jurassic upper ‘Stormberg Group’ (upper Elliot and Clarens formations) of southern Africa, previously represented by at least three distinct species and ten described specimens. This paper describes four additional heterodontosaurid specimens from southern Africa. A partial skull of a large individual of Heterodontosaurus tucki (NM QR 1788) is approximately 70 longer than that of the type specimen of Heterodontosaurus, and provides new information on allometric changes in mandibular morphology during growth in this taxon. It is the largest known heterodontosaurid cranial specimen, representing an individual approximately 1·75 metres in length, and perhaps 10 kg in body mass. NHMUK R14161 is a partial skull that appears to differ from all other heterodontosaurids on the basis of the proportions of the dentaries, and may represent an unnamed new taxon. Two additional partial skulls (NHMUK RU C68, NHMUK RU69) are referred to cf. Lycorhinus. At least four, and possibly five or more, heterodontosaurid species are present in the upper ‘Stormberg’. This high diversity may have been achieved by dietary niche partitioning, and suggests an adaptive radiation of small-bodied ornithischians following the end Triassic extinctions.

Hind limb osteology of Gracilisuchus stipanicicorum (Archosauria: Pseudosuchia)

2012 ◽  
Vol 102 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Lecuona ◽  
J. B. Desojo
Keyword(s):  
Femoral Head ◽  
Hind Limb ◽  
Detailed Examination ◽  
Pelvic Girdle ◽  
The Other ◽  
Late Triassic ◽  
New Information ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Phylogenetic Affinities ◽  
Relationship Of

ABSTRACTGracilisuchus stipanicicorum Romer, 1972, from the Middle-Late Triassic of the Ischigualasto–Villa Unión Basin of Argentina, is an extinct pseudosuchian archosaur on the stem to Crocodylomorpha. The pelvic girdle and hind limb anatomy of a referred specimen of Gracilisuchus stipanicicorum is described and compared with that from a broad range of archosauriform taxa, including basal members such as crurotarsans and basal ornithodirans. The description of this specimen reveals new information on the anatomy of the pelvic girdle and hind limb of Gracilisuchus, through a detailed examination of some anatomical regions barely or not previously described, as well as reinterpretations of previous features. The phylogenetic affinities of Gracilisuchus within the Archosauria remain to be tested, but Gracilisuchus shares two putative synapomorphies with some non-crocodyliform crocodylomorphs, providing tentative support for the monophyly of Sphenosuchia (e.g., Sereno & Wild 1992; Wu & Chatterjee 1993) and the close relationship of Gracilisuchus to that clade. These characteristics are: (i) the morphology and poor development of the femoral fourth trochanter, closely resembling the condition of Pseudhesperosuchus and Trialestes; and (ii) a poor anterior development of the femoral head, shared with Pseudhesperosuchus. On the other hand there are characters that reject the inclusion of Gracilisuchus within Crocodylomorpha (Nesbitt 2011), such as the absence of an imperforated acetabulum, and that rather suggests a sister-taxon position to Crocodylomorpha.

New information on the skull roof of Protoichthyosaurus (Reptilia: Ichthyosauria) and intraspecific variation in some dermal skull elements

2019 ◽  
Vol 157 (4) ◽  
pp. 640-650
Author(s):  
Dean R Lomax ◽  
Judy A Massare ◽  
Mark Evans
Keyword(s):  
Intraspecific Variation ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Lower Jurassic ◽  
Early Jurassic ◽  
New Taxon ◽  
Ventral Margin ◽  
Skull Roof ◽  
New Information

AbstractA previously unrecognized specimen of Protoichthyosaurus prostaxalis, LEICT G142.1991, from the Lower Jurassic of Barrow-upon-Soar, Leicestershire, UK, includes an almost complete three-dimensional skull that provides new information on the configuration of the skull roof. The position of the pineal foramen (between the frontals and the parietals) and an elongated internasal foramen in a depression along the midline of the nasals are clearly shown. The maxilla makes up a significant portion of the external naris ventral margin, an unusual character for the genus/species. This reflects intraspecific variation, not evidence of a new taxon. The specimen enables comparisons of skull roof morphology with Ichthyosaurus and Stenopterygius, two common Early Jurassic taxa. In particular, the position of the pineal foramen is similar to Stenopterygius, but distinguishes Protoichthyosaurus from Ichthyosaurus. The lack of a frontal–prefrontal contact and the posteriorly wide nasals distinguishes Protoichthyosaurus from Stenopterygius. We also present a revised reconstruction of the skull roof morphology of Ichthyosaurus. Three additional specimens of Protoichthyosaurus are referred to the genus: another partial skull, referred to P. prostaxalis, and two isolated forefins, identified by their unique morphology.

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