Civil War, Foreign Intervention, and The Question of Political Legitimacy: a Nineteenth-Century Saʿūdī Qāḍī's Dilemma

1982 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 227-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Crawford
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Civil War ◽  
Political Legitimacy ◽  
Foreign Intervention ◽  
History Of

The Sa⊂ūdī Civil War, which developed after the death of the Imām Faiṣal at al-Riyāḍ in A.H. 1282/A.D. 1865, and which was largely responsible for the debilitation and ultimate demise of the Second Sa⊂ūdī State, has received relatively little attention from either Sa⊂ūdī or Western historians. In neglecting this period, modern Sa⊂ūdī scholars may have been influenced by the consideration which led Wahhābī chroniclers of an earlier generation to provide only cursory treatment of the Civil War in their accounts of Najdī history; the decade between the Imām Faiṣal's death and the resolution of the conflict in 1293/1876, characterised as it was by persistent fraternal rivalry and displays unprincipled political opportunism, does not represent a particularly creditable episode in the history of the āl Sa⊂ūd.

The Thiers Government and the Outbreak of Civil War in France, February–April 1871

1980 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 813-831
Author(s):  
Robert Tombs
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Civil War ◽  
Passion Play ◽  
Nineteenth Century France ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Government

In the numerous works devoted to the French civil war of 1871, nothing has so much been taken for granted as the motives of the government during the six weeks that separated its taking office on 19 February and the outbreak of fighting on 2 April. Thiers and his colleagues are part of the myth of the Commune, the scribes and pharisees of the revolutionary passion play. They fill the roles well: there are few figures so unprepossessing in the history of nineteenth-century France.

A Brief History of Indigenous Religious Authority in Mexico, 1519–1900

2020 ◽  
pp. 9-25
Author(s):  
Elisa Eastwood Pulido
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Civil War ◽  
Leadership Skills ◽  
Religious Practices ◽  
Religious Authority ◽  
Indigenous Identity ◽  
Catholic Clergy ◽  
Spiritual Authority ◽  
History Of ◽  
Spiritual Voice

This brief history of indigenous spiritual authority in Mexico begins in 1513 with the arrival of the Spaniards and includes the argument that the conquest of Mexico resulted in the loss of indigenous spiritual authority through the defrocking of the Aztec priests and four centuries of indigenous exclusion from the Catholic clergy. The chapter contextualizes the search for indigenous identity and spiritual voice by recounting native responses to religious subjugation, including Indian rebellions, native prophets, bloody conflicts, and combinative religious practices through the nineteenth century. The arrival of Protestant and Mormon missionaries after the Civil War offered indigenous Mexican converts new avenues to ordination, education, and the development of leadership skills.

THE MILITARY-POLITICAL UNION OF SOVIET REPUBLICS DURING THE PERIOD OF CIVIL WAR AND FOREIGN INTERVENTION (SUMMERS 1918- 1920)

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
T.О. Abdikhalyk ◽  
◽  
M.S. Kassymov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Central Asia ◽  
Military Intervention ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Soviet Power ◽  
Political Union ◽  
Foreign Intervention ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Military ◽  
First Time

The history of the USSR is full of numerous events. This state lasted for more than half a century. Numerous events occurred during this period. The USSR was founded on territory that had previously included a large number of peoples. They represented the outskirts of the former Russian Empire. For the first time since the revolution, the union of the peoples of the Soviet republics was formed in the difficult years of civil war and foreign military intervention. The establishment of Soviet power in the territory of the former Tsar 's colonies (Belarus, Transcaucasia, Ukraine, Central Asia, etc.) experienced enormous difficulties. The most important milestones of the formation of the military-political union of the brotherly republics are considered in this article

Toward an Understanding of the Political Ideas in Ivan Timofeev’s Vremennik

2020 ◽  
pp. 23-53
Author(s):  
Daniel B. Rowland
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Civil War ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Ideas ◽  
Foreign Intervention ◽  
History Of ◽  
Historical Thought

This chapter examines the Vremennik of Ivan Timofeev and describes the disasters that then engulfed Muscovite Rus´, such as famine, civil war, and foreign intervention that stimulated historical thought. It identifies writers who set themselves the difficult task of integrating the disturbing events, particularly the virtual collapse of the “God-established tsarstvo” with the earlier history of Rus´. It also considers Timofeev's Vremennik as the single-best source for investigating how early seventeenth-century Muscovites thought about their own history and politics. The chapter explains how Timofeev, like a number of other smuta tale authors, did not write primarily to promote a particular political point of view or a particular set of ideas. It reveals that the Vremennik is closer to a diary than a polemical work based on the remarks of Timofeev.

Participation of Britain and its role in the elaboration of the London Inter-Allied Conference’s decisions on the “Russian question” (December 11-13, 1919)

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 351-360
Author(s):  
Sergei A. Mironyuk
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Russian Civil War ◽  
Interesting Phenomenon ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Foreign Intervention ◽  
The First World War ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Government ◽  
First World ◽  
London Conference

The London Inter-Allied Conference on the "Russian question" (December 11-13, 1919) is rarely mentioned by historians, but a landmark event in the history of British participation in foreign intervention in Russia - and in a broad sense an interesting phenomenon in world history. During the Conference in London participants - Britain, Italy, USA, France and Japan - discussed the future of the intervention and in general a new foreign policy strategy regarding Russia in the context of the evident Bolsheviks’ victory in the Civil War and the formation of a new system of international relations after the First World War, in which it was necessary to determine the position of Russia. The approaches and methods adopted in London, as practice shows, seem to be currently relevant. The purpose of this article is to analyze the participation of Britain and determine its role in the development of decisions of the London Inter-Allied Conference on the "Russian question" on the basis of previously uninvolved documents of the Cabinet of Ministers and the Parliament of the United Kingdom, as well as sources of personal origin. The decisions of the London Conference on the "Russian question" put an end to largescale military assistance to the White movement and thus contributed to the end of the Russian Civil War. The British government played a key role in producing the decisions of the London Conference. The Government had prepared thoroughly for the Conference and had proposed its draft decisions.

Inventing American Exceptionalism

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amalia D. Kessler
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Civil War ◽  
White Supremacy ◽  
American Exceptionalism ◽  
Legal Culture ◽  
The United States ◽  
Access To Justice ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Law

It is widely accepted that American procedure—and indeed American legal culture as a whole—are adversarial (and distinctively so). Yet, precisely because this assumption is so deep-rooted, we have no history of how American adversarialism arose. This book provides such a history. It shows that the United States long employed not only lawyer-empowering adversarial procedure, but also various forms of more judge-dependent, quasi-inquisitorial procedure—including the equity tradition borrowed from England and, to a lesser extent, conciliation courts transplanted from continental Europe. However, the United States largely abandoned quasi-inquisitorial procedure by the close of the Civil War and Reconstruction, committing itself to lawyer-driven adversarialism. In explaining this turn to the adversarial, the book looks to developments both internal and external to the law. Among the key internalist factors on which the book focuses are the rise of the previously unknown category of “procedure”, as well as a set of seemingly small changes in the approach to taking testimony before equity-court officials known as masters in chancery, which ended up having unintended systemic consequences. So, too, from a more externalist perspective, the book traces how advocacy of adversarialism became intimately linked with demands for a largely unregulated market and the preservation of white supremacy. The product of deep-rooted inheritances, as well as more immediate and contingent occurrences, the nineteenth-century embrace of adversarsarialism would prove deeply consequential, shaping Americans’ experience of the law down to the present, often in ways that constrain rather than expand access to justice.

scholarly journals Ruling Passions: Political Economy in Nineteenth-Century America

2006 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard R. John
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Civil War ◽  
Early Republic ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Policy History ◽  
Nineteenth Century America ◽  
History Of ◽  
American Policy ◽  
Civil War Era ◽  
Governmental Institutions

In recent years, theJournal of Policy Historyhas emerged as a major venue for scholarship on American policy history in the period after 1900. Indeed, it is for this reason that it is often praised as the leading outlet for scholarship on American political history in the world. Only occasionally, however, has it featured essays on the early republic, the Civil War, or the post-Civil War era. And when it has, the essays have often focused on partisan electioneering rather than on governmental institutions. The rationale for this special issue of theJournal of Policy Historyis to expand the intellectual agenda of policy history backward in time so as to embrace more fully the history of governmental institutions in the period before 1900. The six essays that follow contain much that will be new even for specialists in nineteenth-century American policy history, yet they are written in a style that is intended to be accessible to college undergraduates and historians unfamiliar with the period.

scholarly journals The Revolution and Civil War in Russia in Canadian historiography

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 208-214
Author(s):  
Sergey Viktorovich Bandilet
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Russian Revolution ◽  
The Other ◽  
October Revolution ◽  
Scientific Journals ◽  
Scientific Interest ◽  
Foreign Intervention ◽  
Long Time ◽  
History Of ◽  
The One

This paper is devoted to perception of the February Revolution, the October revolution and the Civil War in Russia in Canadian historiography. The paper considers, firstly, works of historians - Canadian citizens, secondly, works of scientists from other countries who have worked in Canada for a long time and, thirdly, works of foreigners, who published in Canadian scientific journals. All of the above works can be divided into three groups. Firstly, these are fundamental works on the history of the Russian Revolution and Civil War. Secondly, these are works devoted to foreign intervention in Russia and Canadian participation of Canada in this intervention. Thirdly, these are works relating to other particular aspects of this subject. The authors of all considered works refer to the February Revolution as an important step for democracy in Russia. Canadian historiography mainly condemns the October Revolution and criticizes Bolsheviks for authoritarianism and radicalism. The attitude of Canadian scientists to the White Guards is ambiguous. On the one hand, there is a certain sympathy for the Whites as allies of the Entente (and Canada). But on the other hand, the Whites are condemned for their ill-conceived domestic policies and for inability to reach a compromise with each other. The Canadian historiography of the 1917-1922 events in Russia is now practically unexplored, and therefore it is of scientific interest.

Combat at the Keys: Women and Battle Pieces for the Piano during the American Civil War

2016 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-19
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Civil War ◽  
Reception History ◽  
American Civil War ◽  
Literary Sources ◽  
War Effort ◽  
History Of ◽  
Female Composer ◽  
Battle Of Gettysburg

During the American Civil War, women in the parlor imagined life at the front through music, playing pieces and singing songs on topics related to the conflict. Among the genres that they performed were battle pieces for the piano, episodic works that depict incidents of battle and their outcome in victory. These pieces constituted a genre that had long been a favorite of female amateur performers, their lineage beginning with Frantisek Kotzwara's 1788 Battle of Prague, which remained steadily popular throughout the nineteenth century. This article examines Civil War battle pieces by tracing their roots to Kotzwara's famous piece. By constructing a reception history of that work as it appears in nineteenth-century literary sources, the article retrieves some alternatives to the abundant satirical readings of the Battle of Prague in period fiction. It suggests that Civil War battle music played several important roles in the lives of its players. The music invited women to imagine and embody the conflicts on the battlefield, to challenge society's expectations of women as both pianists and as contributors to the war effort in public capacities, and to reflect on the costs of the war. The article goes on to examine a battle piece by a female composer and to consider amateur women's performances of battle repertoire during the war years. Finally, drawing inspiration from the accounts in fiction of Kotzwara's Battle of Prague, it concludes by imagining a woman's performance of a battle piece on the heels of the Battle of Gettysburg.

scholarly journals Office of the general governor of Turkestan and its activity in historiography

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (9) ◽  
pp. 155-157
Author(s):  
Hujayorova Sadokat
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Civil War ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
National Liberation ◽  
Governing Body ◽  
State Institutions ◽  
Long Time ◽  
History Of ◽  
Colonial Order ◽  
The Russian Empire

This article describes the period of the invasion of the Russian Empire, one of the darkest and most dangerous periods in the history of Turkestan, and the historiography of its governing regimes, methods of administration and state institutions and their activities. By the nineteenth century, the khanates, weakened by civil war, could not withstand the onslaught of the Russian Empire. This was because they were hostile to each other. After the Russian Empire conquered Turkestan, it established its own colonial order. The goal was to keep Turkestan under its chains for a long time and to suppress the feelings of national liberation. To this end, he introduced his own administrative style, including the governor's office, which was the main governing body. This small research paper describes the policy of the Russian Empire towards these goals and its coverage in historiography.

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