European Free Trade Association

1962 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 649-650 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Free Trade ◽  
Trade Association ◽  
Member States ◽  
Total Reduction ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
European Free Trade Association ◽  
Tariff Reductions

The European Free Trade Association (EFTA) announced that the tariffs of five member states on imports of goods qualifying for EFTA treatment would be reduced IO percent on March 1, 1962. This reduction resulted in a total reduction in basic duties of 40 percent since July 1, 1960, for Denmark, Portugal, Sweden, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom. For imports into Austria and Norway a corresponding reduction was to be made not later than September 1, 1962. The reduction was not yet to apply to certain limited classes of goods imported into Denmark. The tariff reductions were to be applied to imports from Finland in the same way as to imports from other member states.

European Free Trade Association

1960 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 681-682
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Free Trade ◽  
Current Level ◽  
Common Market ◽  
Trade Association ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
European Free Trade Association ◽  
The Common ◽  
Future Date

An arrangement between India and the United Kingdom was reported on June 9, 1960, in which India agreed to waive, so far as the seven countries of the European Free Trade Association (EFTA) were concerned, some of the preferences enjoyed by Indian exports in the United Kingdom, insisting, however, on safeguards to protect Indian goods from EFTA competition. The United Kingdom, in return, promised not to increase the current level of duties on Indian goods, as well as to review the entire pattern of trade, if, at a future date, EFTA were to collaborate with the common market countries.

European Free Trade Association

1961 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 203-204 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Free Trade ◽  
European Economic Community ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Trade Association ◽  
European Free Trade Association ◽  
The Press ◽  
Swiss Confederation ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Tariff Reductions

An important item of discussion during the Autumn months of 1960 among the members of the European Free Trade Association (EFTA) was reported to be the question of association with the European Economic Community (EEC), but the press announced in October a “lack of progress” in resolving the problems encountered. The question was said to have been included in the issues taken up at the second ministerial meeting of the Council, held in Berne, Switzerland, on October 11 and 12, 1960. Mr. Max Petitpierre, president of the Swiss Confederation, reportedly stated in an address to the Council that, even if there was little prospect of an agreement between EEC and EFTA in the immediate future, it was imperative that the two organizations work together, not only for commercial and economic reasons, but also because of the mission that Europe was called on to discharge toward the newly independent countries. Since, however, an acceptable settlement with EEC seemed impossible in the near future, the Council determined that EFTA should proceed with its own plans. In pursuance of this decision, the Ministers decided to establish a consultative committee, representative of all aspects of economic activity, including labor, to advise on all facets of the activity of the Association. Also considered at the meeting was the possibility of an additional 10 percent tariff reduction to take effect as of January 1, 1961, to keep pace with the EEC cut scheduled for that date, but the Council concluded that too little time had elapsed since the first 20 percent tariff reductions on July 1, 1960, to make any modification of the timetable feasible at this time; it resolved, nevertheless, to re-examine the question early in 1961. The Ministers noted with satisfaction that the original tariff cuts had gone into operation without difficulty, and reasserted that the object of EFTA was not the creation of an inward-looking preferential bloc—for example, no restrictions on trade with third countries had been introduced with the creation of the group. EFTA offered to all trading nations, whether producers of industrial or agricultural products, stated the Council, the opportunities of an expanding market.

Admission of European Free Trade Association states to the European Community: effects on voting power in the European Community Council of Ministers

1993 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 629-643 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madeleine O. Hosli
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Free Trade ◽  
European Community ◽  
Trade Association ◽  
Member States ◽  
Voting Power ◽  
European Free Trade Association ◽  
Qualified Majority ◽  
Single European Act ◽  
Council Of Ministers

Several member states of the European Free Trade Association have applied for admission into the European Community (EC). Paradoxically, enlarging the EC in this way will expand the voting power of Luxembourg, the smallest EC member state, in the EC Council of Ministers but diminish the power of the other states. In an EC with more members, voting by unanimity increasingly becomes an impractical decision-making procedure. As the Single European Act and possibly also the Treaty on European Union are being implemented, the distribution of EC council voting power takes on growing importance, since the range of issues to be decided by qualified majority votes increases considerably. Moreover, there are tendencies within the EC to render decision making more transparent and to publish member states' positions taken in majority votes. Thus, the distribution of voting power will increasingly be a crucial aspect for the EC.

European Free Trade Association

1960 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 219-220 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Free Trade ◽  
European Economic Community ◽  
Economic Organization ◽  
Social Benefits ◽  
Trade Association ◽  
European Economic ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
European Free Trade Association ◽  
The Press ◽  
Cost Factors

The convention of the newest European economic organization, the European Free Trade Association (EFTA), was initialed in Stockholm, Sweden, on November 20, 1959, by cabinet ministers of Austria, Denmark, Norway, Portugal, Sweden, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom. Under terms of the Stockholm agreement, according to the press, the seven nations were to eliminate trade barriers toward each other on a gradual basis designed to bring full free trade by 1970. Import tariffs in force on January 1, 1960, were due to be reduced 20 percent as of July 1, with subsequent tariff cuts at the rate of 10 percent a year. In addition to gradual mutual freedom of trade, the seven nations agreed to economic integration and harmonization of wages, social benefits, and other production cost factors. However, unlike the six members of the European Economic Community (EEC), the seven planned to retain their national tariff systems toward the exports of non-members.

Western European Union

1962 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 257-258
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Prime Minister ◽  
Trade Association ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
European Free Trade Association ◽  
European Unity ◽  
Western European ◽  
Relationship Of

The Assembly of Western European Union (WEU) held the first part of its seventh ordinary session in London from May 29 to June 1, 1961. Mr. Arthur Conte (France) was President of the session. The Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, Mr. Harold Macmillan, welcomed the delegates and broached the question of his country's relations with Europe in the following terms: 1) the movement toward European unity should be allowed to grow naturally—it could not be imposed; 2) the United Kingdom was determined to press forward with the consolidation of western Europe; and 3) three problems confronting his country vis-à-vis European unity were (a) British agricultural difficulties, (b) the special relationship of the Commonwealth countries with Great Britain, and (c) British association with the European Free Trade Association (EFTA).

Square Pegs and Round Holes (Continued): Financial Market Surveillance Authorities and Internal Market Association

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. 32-59
Author(s):  
GEORGES S BAUR
Keyword(s):  
Financial Market ◽  
Financial Services ◽  
Internal Market ◽  
Trade Association ◽  
European Economic Area ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Services Sector ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
European Free Trade Association ◽  
The One

AbstractAfter the financial crisis of 2008, the European Union (‘EU’) not only increased its substantial legislation regarding financial services, but also built up a strong and unified system of financial market supervision. In particular, central surveillance authorities were created. These were given far-reaching competences with regard to substituting dysfunctional national authorities or players in the financial services sector. The three European Economic Area (‘EEA’) and European Free Trade Association (‘EFTA’) States—Iceland, Liechtenstein, and Norway—participate in the EU's internal market through their membership of the EEA. In order to continue participating on an equal footing in the internal market for financial services and to honour their duty to maintain homogeneity, the EEA EFTA States also had to incorporate the new institutional setup regarding financial services supervision. This obligation, however, in particular relating to certain intrusive powers of the new surveillance authorities, collided with some constitutional reservations, above all of the two Nordic EEA EFTA States. This article will show how these conflicting aims could be merged into a system that on the one hand guarantees the unified overall approach needed for strengthened surveillance of the internal market for financial services, and on the other hand safeguards certain constitutional reservations of the EEA EFTA States. It also looks at how third countries that do not (fully) participate in the internal market, such as the United Kingdom and Switzerland, are likely to be treated in this context by the EU.

Square Pegs and Round Holes: The Free Movement of Persons Under EEA Law

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 165-186
Author(s):  
Christian NK FRANKLIN
Keyword(s):  
Free Trade ◽  
Case Law ◽  
Fundamental Principle ◽  
Free Movement ◽  
Trade Association ◽  
Eu Law ◽  
European Free Trade Association ◽  
Court Of Justice ◽  
Free Movement Of Persons ◽  
The Eu

AbstractWhilst the European Union’s aim of achieving an ‘ever closer Union’ is not an objective of EEA cooperation, homogeneity demands that we follow the same path: as the Union gets ever closer, so too does EEA cooperation, in light of the demands of the fundamental principle of homogeneity. This is particularly well demonstrated by looking at developments in the field of the free movement of persons. The case law of the Court of Justice of the European Free Trade Association (EFTA Court) in this field shows that in situations where homogeneity is put to the test, there seems little to suggest that a more national sovereignty-friendly approach has been adopted than under EU law. Notwithstanding the integral differences between the EU and EEA legal constructs, the EFTA Court has proven highly adept at keeping pace with EU developments in the field through a number of bold and creative interpretations of EEA law, and by using different tools to arrive at uniform conclusions.

scholarly journals Features of transformation of legal entities in the conditions of Brexit

2021 ◽  
pp. 531-538
Author(s):  
Olha Ovechkina
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
The State ◽  
Member States ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Actual Location ◽  
The Eu ◽  
Legal Entities

In connection with the decision to withdraw the UK from the EU a number of companies will need to take into account that from 1 January 2021 EU law will no longer apply to the United Kingdom and will become a "third country" for EU Member States, unless the provisions of bilateral agreements or multilateral trade agreements. This means that the four European freedoms (movement of goods, services, labor and capital) will no longer apply to UK companies to the same extent as they did during the UK's EU membership. The purpose of the article is to study, first of all, the peculiarities of the influence of Great Britain's withdrawal from the European Union on the legal regulation of the status of European legal entities. Brexit results in the inability to register European companies and European economic interest groups in the UK. Such companies already registered before 01.01.2021 have the opportunity to move their place of registration to an EU Member State. These provisions are defined in Regulations 2018 (2018/1298) and Regulations 2018 (2018/1299).British companies with branches in EU Member States will now be subject to the rules applicable to third-country companies, which provide additional information on their activities. In the EU, many countries apply the criterion of actual location, which causes, among other things, the problem of non-recognition of legal entities established in the country where the criterion of incorporation is used (including the United Kingdom), at the same time as the governing bodies of such legal entities the state where the settlement criterion is applied. Therefore, to reduce the likelihood of possible non-recognition of British companies, given the location of the board of such a legal entity in the state where the residency criterion applies, it seems appropriate to consider reincarnation at the actual location of such a company. Reducing the risks of these negative consequences in connection with Brexit on cross-border activities of legal entities is possible by concluding interstate bilateral and multilateral agreements that would contain unified rules on conflict of law regulation of the status of legal entities.

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