France and Germany in the Atlantic Community

1963 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 550-573 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfred Grosser
Keyword(s):  
Federal Republic ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
North Atlantic Treaty Organization ◽  
Federal Republic Of Germany ◽  
The North ◽  
Article 9 ◽  
Stanley Hoffmann ◽  
The North Atlantic ◽  
Atlantic Community ◽  
Bear Witness

The North Atlantic Treaty has been in existence since April 4, 1949. Article 9 of this treaty gave birth to the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, and the imposing headquarters on the edge of the Bois de Boulogne in Paris bear witness to its reality. In his chapter dealing with the nature of the Community, Stanley Hoffmann discusses the question of whether a true Atlantic Community exists outside the pages of the treaty. The present study will examine the existence of that Community insofar as two of its principal members are concerned: France and the Federal Republic of Germany.

Nato and Adenauer's Germany: Uneasy Partnership

1961 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 618-629
Author(s):  
Lawrence S. Kaplan
Keyword(s):  
Federal Republic ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
North Atlantic Treaty Organization ◽  
Second World War ◽  
West Germany ◽  
Controversial Issue ◽  
World War ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Atlantic ◽  
Second World

The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) has played a central role in the regeneration of West Germany since die Second World War, with the accession of die Federal Republic to NATO in May 1955 marking the official return of Germany to the company of civilized nations. West Germany, in turn, has become a not inconsequential member of the treaty organization. The bulk of NATO'S defense forces is located in die Federal Republic; an increasing amount of NATO'S military contribution is German; and the most controversial issue in Europe confronting the organization stems direcdy from die division of Germany and the exposed position of Berlin.

Czechs and Germans Sign Declaration of Reconciliation

1997 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 84-85
Keyword(s):  
Federal Republic ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
Common Interest ◽  
Federal Republic Of Germany ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
The Past ◽  
The North ◽  
History Of ◽  
The North Atlantic

The Governments of the Federal Republic of Germany and the Czech Republic Recalling the Treaty of 27 February 1992 on Good-neighborliness and Friendly Cooperation between the Federal Republic of Germany and the Czech and Slovak Federal Republic with which Germans and Czechs reached out to each other, Mindful of the long history of fruitful and peaceful, good-neighborly relations between Germans and Czechs during which a rich and continuing cultural heritage was created, Convinced that injustice inflicted in the past cannot be undone but at best alleviated, and that in doing so no new injustice must arise, Aware that the Federal Republic of Germany strongly supports the Czech Republic's accession to the European Union and the North Atlantic Alliance because it is convinced that this is in their common interest.

North Atlantic Treaty Organization

1962 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 651-653
Keyword(s):  
North Atlantic ◽  
Member Country ◽  
North Atlantic Treaty Organization ◽  
The North ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Good Starting Point ◽  
The North Atlantic ◽  
Atlantic Community

The Atlantic Convention of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) nations met in Paris from January 8 to January 20, 1962, with citizens from every NATO member country present. At the conclusion of its meeting, the Convention unanimously adopted a document to be known as the Declaration of Paris. Some of the delegates regretted that the declaration did not go further in its demands for an Atlantic government and for common foreign and defense policies, and was not more revolutionary in spirit. Most of the delegates, however, considered the declaration to be a good starting point and a first step to be followed by further action toward an Atlantic Community.

North Atlantic Treaty Organization

1955 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 442-445
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Federal Republic ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
North Atlantic Treaty Organization ◽  
Peace Treaty ◽  
German Federal Republic ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Atlantic ◽  
Western European

CouncilAt a ministerial meeting of the Council of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) in Paris on May 9 to n, 1955, the German Federal Republic was formally admitted to NATO, raising total membership to fifteen. The Council reaffirmed the purely defensive character of the organization and expressed gratification on the entry into force of agreements establishing the Western European Union. The Council welcomed declarations by the ministers of NATO members signatory to the Italian Peace Treaty reaffirming their view that various discriminatory aspects of that treaty were considered inconsistent with the position of Italy as an ally.

scholarly journals Distribution, morphology, and taxonomy of the psychrolutid fish Cottunculus granulosus (Karrer) from the southwestern Atlantic

1980 ◽  
Vol 58 (6) ◽  
pp. 982-990 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph S. Nelson ◽  
Izumi Nakamura
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Federal Republic ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
Federal Republic Of Germany ◽  
Southwestern Atlantic ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Atlantic

Cottunculus granulosus, previously known only from the holotype, is now known to be relatively common and to occur from Uruguay to southernmost Argentina at depths of 150–1250 m as a result of trawling expeditions by the Federal Republic of Germany, Japan, and United States. Two forms exist, a plain-colored, short-spined form and a banded, long-spined form. It is possible that Bunocottus apus represents the same species as C. granulosus. Of the six or so species of Cottunculus, C. granulosus appears to be most closely related to C. microps, C. sadko, and C. thompsoni of the North Atlantic and Arctic oceans.

scholarly journals Trading Global Catastrophes: NATO’s Science Diplomacy and Nuclear Winter

2021 ◽  
pp. 002200942199391
Author(s):  
Simone Turchetti
Keyword(s):  
North Atlantic ◽  
North Atlantic Treaty Organization ◽  
Environmental Consequences ◽  
The North ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Science Diplomacy ◽  
The North Atlantic ◽  
Nuclear Winter ◽  
Scientific Debates ◽  
Public Criticism

This essay explores the reception of ‘nuclear winter’ at the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). This response is paradigmatic of how scientific predictions can work as stimuli for science diplomacy activities, and either inflate or deflate these forecasts’ public resonance. Those who elaborated the theory in the early 1980s predicted that the environmental consequences of a future nuclear conflict would have been catastrophic; possibly rendering the earth uninhabitable and leading to the extinction of humankind. This prospect was particularly problematic for the Western defence alliance, since it was difficult to reconcile with the tenets of its nuclear posture, especially after the 1979 Dual Track decision, engendering concerns about the environmental catastrophe that the scientists predicted. Thus, NATO officials refrained from commenting on nuclear winter and its implications for the alliance’s deterrence doctrine for some time in an effort to minimize public criticism. Meanwhile, they progressively removed research on nuclear winter from the set of studies and scientific debates sponsored by NATO in the context of its science initiatives. In essence, NATO officials ‘traded’ the promotion of these problematic studies with that of others more amenable to the alliance’s diplomacy ambitions.

Strategy and the Atlantic Alliance

1963 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 709-732 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert R. Bowie
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
North Atlantic Treaty Organization ◽  
The United States ◽  
The North ◽  
Nuclear Control ◽  
The North Atlantic ◽  
The Military

The debate over strategy, forces, and nuclear control, which now divides the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), is framed largely in military terms: what is the best way to protect the NATO area and its members from aggression? The military aspects are complex in themselves, but the import of these issues extends far beyond defense. Their handling will greatly affect prospects for a partnership between the United States and a strong, united Europe

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