The Confederate Catholics of Ireland: the personnel of the Confederation, 1642–9

1995 ◽  
Vol 29 (116) ◽  
pp. 490-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donol F. Cregan
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Cultural Background ◽  
Major Portion ◽  
Background Information ◽  
The People ◽  
Ancient Lineage ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ebb And Flow

The term ‘Confederation of Kilkenny’ is not of ancient lineage. It dates from the nineteenth century and, as Professor J. C. Beckett has pointed out, seems to have originated in the title of a book by Father C. P. Meehan first published in 1846. Those members of the confederacy which ruled the major portion of the country between the rising of 1641 and the advent of Cromwell officially designated themselves as ‘the Confederate Catholics of Ireland’. Their own description of themselves has been chosen to head this essay not because the pedigree of the term ‘Confederation of Kilkenny’ is insufficiently old or respectable, but simply because their official title accurately describes what the essay is about. It is not concerned with the general history of the Confederate movement, nor with its prolonged diplomatic activities; still less does it deal with the ebb and flow of its military fortunes; nor even with the governmental structures of the Confederation. Of course I am relying on all these for background information and illustration, and, in particular, use has been made of the fact that I have been able to determine the number, and to identify almost the entire personnel, of the Confederation’s successive Supreme Councils. The history of the Confederation, political, diplomatic, constitutional and military, has been taken for granted. I want, then, to look at the people who individually bound themselves together by oath to form the confederacy; more particularly, to look at those who were members of the General Assemblies—constituting, in effect, the Confederate parliament; and more particularly still, to look at the members of the Supreme Councils, which virtually constituted the Confederate governments. This essay, therefore, is concerned with persons—with ‘the Confederate Catholics of Ireland’. It will briefly discuss their family origins, their educational and cultural background, their professions or occupations, and finally their political outlook.

The History Of Modern Vaccination In Cooch Behar State In The Nineteenth Century

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 180-190
Author(s):  
Rajkumar Bind
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Vaccination Programme ◽  
West Bengal ◽  
The State ◽  
The People ◽  
Small Pox ◽  
Preventive Method ◽  
History Of

This paper examines the development of modern vaccination programme of Cooch Behar state, a district of West Bengal of India during the nineteenth century. The study has critically analysed the modern vaccination system, which was the only preventive method against various diseases like small pox, cholera but due to neglect, superstation and religious obstacles the people of Cooch Behar state were not interested about modern vaccination. It also examines the sex wise and castes wise vaccinators of the state during the study period. The study will help us to growing conciseness about modern vaccination among the peoples of Cooch Behar district.   

Gay Affections

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerard P. Loughlin
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
First Century ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Gay Identity ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
The People ◽  
History Of ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Gay Identities

This chapter considers how gay identities—and so gay affections—were formed in the course of the twentieth century, building on the late nineteenth-century invention of the ‘homosexual’. It also considers earlier construals of same-sex affections and the people who had them, the soft men and hard women of the first century and the sodomites of the eleventh. It thus sketches a history of continuities and discontinuities, of overlapping identities and emotional possibilities. The chapter resists the assumption that gay identity and experience can be reduced to anything less than the multitude of gay people, and that as Christians they have to give an account of themselves in a way that heterosexual Christians do not. The chapter warns against thinking gay identity undone in Christ.

Travel Writing, Experiences, and Silences: What is Left Out of European Travelers' Accounts—the Case of Richard D. Mohun

1997 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 53-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn Barrett-Gaines
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Economic History ◽  
Central Africa ◽  
West African ◽  
Turn Of The Century ◽  
African History ◽  
The People ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Shed Light

Recent contributions to this journal have taken various approaches to travelers's accounts as sources of African history. Elizabeth de Veer and Ann O'Hear use the travel accounts of Gerhard Rohlfs to reconstruct nineteenth-century political and economic history of West African groups who have escaped scholarly attention. But essentially they use Rohlfs' work as he intended it to be used. Gary W. Clendennen examines David Livingstone's work to find the history under the propaganda. He argues that, overlooking its obvious problems, the work reveals a wealth of information on nineteenth-century cultures in the Zambezi and Tchiri valleys. Unfortunately, Clendennen does not use this source for these reasons. He uses it instead to shed light on the relationship between Livingstone and his brother.John Hanson registers a basic distrust of European mediated oral histories recorded and written in the African past. He draws attention to the fact that what were thought to be “generally agreed upon accounts” may actually reflect partisan interests. Hanson dramatically demonstrates how chunks of history, often the history of the losers, are lost, as the history of the winners is made to appear universal. Richard Mohun can be seen to represent the winners in turn-of-the-century Central Africa. His account is certainly about himself. I attempt, though, to use his account to recover some of the history of the losers, the Africans, which Mohun may have inadvertently recorded.My question is double; its two parts—one historical, one methodological—are inextricably interdependent. The first concerns the experience of the people from Zanzibar who accompanied, carried, and worked for Richard Dorsey Mohun on a three-year (1898-1901) expedition into Central Africa to lay telegraph wire. The second wonders how and how well the first question can be answered using, primarily, the only sources available to me right now: those written by Mohun himself.

scholarly journals L. Zubanych. Private correspondence as a historical source of early modern times – on the example of letters of Janos (X) Drugeth and Anna Yakushich

2021 ◽  
pp. 85-94
Author(s):  
Laslov Zubanych
Keyword(s):  
Family History ◽  
Cultural History ◽  
Family Relations ◽  
Personal Data ◽  
Detailed Examination ◽  
Background Information ◽  
The People ◽  
History Of ◽  
Early Modern Times ◽  
The Given

In this study we are dealing with a personal correspondence that happened during the first half of the 17th century. We are analyzing the correspondence of the representatives of the Drugeth family (János Drugeth and his wife Anna Jakusith) by paying particular attention to the analysis of the people, events and background-information appearing in these letters. The detailed examination of the contents of the given letters shows that if we are familiar with the contemporary events and personal relations and have access to some necessary additional sources, we can make appropriate conclusions even from relatively sparse information. The archives of the Homonnai Drugeth family could not be saved as a complex document through different historical hardships. Its smaller parts can be found in the archives of the ducal branch of Esterházi family at the Presov Archives. Thanks to their personal relationship with Ádám Batthyány several letters of János Drugeth and Anna Jakusith survived in the Batthyány archives. The family archives of the different correspondences serve as particularly important sources and documents of the given ages since they contain social historical, economic and political information in addition to local/personal data. Without them no historian could write the history of a family or a landlord and of a county. In his doctoral thesis on the actual period, historian Zoltán Borbély writes the following words: „With families having better resources such as the Batthyány-, the Nádasdy- or the Esterházi families there are researches dealing with a deeper focus on court, estate, art and cultural history many times within the framework of an interdisciplinary research group. In addition to the processing of a certain family history a complex examination of the noble society of the Western Transdanubian region has also begun. Within this examination in parallel with the study of the stratification of the noble society, some inspiring results were obtained in connection with the regional role of a noble family, their role in the administrative system of the county and millitary affairs, their family relations and last but not least, about their lands. One of the aims of this study is to show the event and family history aspects related to their textual parts via two personal letters and to illustrate the style of the contemporary aristocratic correspondence. In our view the study has once again contributed to learn about a small piece of the Drugeth family’s history and to clarify some historical «rumors».

scholarly journals Can Coronavirus Disease-19 Lead to Temporomandibular Joint Disease?

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (T1) ◽  
pp. 142-143
Author(s):  
Dinesh Rokaya ◽  
Sittichai Koontongkaew
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Temporomandibular Disorder ◽  
Psychological Problems ◽  
Joint Disease ◽  
Background Information ◽  
Drinking Alcohol ◽  
Psychosocial Impairment ◽  
The People ◽  
History Of ◽  
Masticatory Apparatus

BACKGROUND: The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has become pandemic spreading globally. The outbreak of COVID-19 has led to psychological problems and compromised the mental health of the people. Temporomandibular disorder (TMD) shows the pain and dysfunction of the masticatory apparatus. History of trauma, stress, psychosocial impairment, drinking alcohol, and catastrophizing are related to the TMD. AIM: We aimed to present some background information, in which COVID-19 may be correlated with TMD. METHODS: The outbreak of COVID-19 has led to psychological problems and compromised the mental health of the people. RESULTS: The outbreak of COVID-19 has led to psychological problems and compromised the mental health of the people, not those only who suffered from coronavirus but also to those in self-isolation, social-distancing, and quarantined. TMD shows the pain and dysfunction of the masticatory apparatus, and one of the major causes of TMD is stress and psychosocial impairment apart from drinking alcohol and history of trauma. Hence, TMD may be correlated with COVID-19. The consequences of anxiety, depression, and stress in people from the outbreak of COVID-19 may lead to TMD. CONCLUSION: Hence, COVID-19 may be correlated with TMD as one of the major causes of TMD is stress and psychosocial impairment.

Chomsky, the State and the True Believer

Worldview ◽  
1974 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 13-16
Author(s):  
John P. Sisk
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
The State ◽  
True Believer ◽  
The People ◽  
Mikhail Bakunin ◽  
History Of ◽  
Entire History

The best way to begin Noam Chomsky's For Reasons of State is to read the epigraph, a lengthy quotation from the nineteenth-century anarchist saint, Mikhail Bakunin, from which the title is taken. Central to it is an impassioned assertion that “the entire history of ancient and modern states is merely a series of revolting crimes” and that kings, ministers, statesmen, bureaucrats and warriors, past and present, “if judged from the standpoint of simple morality and human justice, have a hundred, a thousand times over earned their sentence to hard labor or to the gallows.” It is a fiery and, in more ways than Chomsky may have intended, an entirely appropriate invocation. This is the Bakunin who appears later in the book, in “Notes on Anarchism,” as the eloquent sniffer-out of the coming “red bureaucracy,” the confessed “fanatic lover of liberty,” the prophet of thai “intelligent and truly noble part of youth” that will ultimately adopt the cause of the people.

Popular Sovereignty versus State Sovereignty: Haiti, Popular Equality and the Birth of the Neocolonial State

2021 ◽  
pp. 002190962110558
Author(s):  
Michael Neocosmos
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Global South ◽  
Popular Sovereignty ◽  
State Sovereignty ◽  
Political Actors ◽  
The Core ◽  
Saint Domingue ◽  
The People ◽  
History Of ◽  
Core Characteristics

Through a review of the two works below, I discuss how the Saint Domingue/Haiti Revolutions clarify the history of the opposition between popular sovereignty and state sovereignty. The people and the state developed as distinct political actors throughout the nineteenth century in particular. The former constructed a completely new society founded on egalitarian norms influenced by African cultures. The latter failed to establish its sovereignty and reverted to a colonial form, thus illustrating the core characteristics of the neocolonial state now widespread in the Global South in general and in Africa in particular.

The Organizational Context in the History of Archaeology: Pitt Rivers and Other British Archaeologists in the 1860s

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Chapman
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Organizational Context ◽  
Institutional Development ◽  
Professional Organizations ◽  
Background Information ◽  
History Of Archaeology ◽  
Academic World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Special Committees ◽  
Individual Professional

The importance of professional affiliations in the history of archaeology has tended to be underplayed. There have been a number of histories of individual professional societies and especially of museums, both of which had significant roles in the institutional development and acceptance of the field during the nineteenth century (e.g. Clark 1925; Evans 1949a, 1949b, 1956; Hawkes 1962; Hinsley 1981). Also, both museums and professional organizations have been generally touched upon in the course of biographies of individual archaeologists—primarily as background information (e.g. Evans 1943; Woodbury 1973; Green 1981; Hawkes 1982). What has not been considered sufficiently is the pervasive character of professional connections and the institutions or societies that made them possible (Trigger 1985; cf. Levine 1986). Organizations, together with accompanying journals, charters, meetings, statements of policy, special committees and so on, form the very basis of a discipline. This was particularly true in the nineteenth century when many sciences or other fields of interest—including archaeology—had yet to find a place in the academic world (Woodruff 1923).

scholarly journals Science, Fashion, Knowledge and Imagination: Shopfront Natural History in 19th-Century Sydney

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Coote
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Natural History ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Ongoing Process ◽  
The People ◽  
History Of ◽  
The City

Natural history dealers' shops offered colour, interest and occasional sensation to the people of mid-nineteenth century Sydney. This essay examines the nature of shop-front natural history enterprise in this period, and its significance in the history of the city and the wider colony. It begins by discussing dealers and their businesses, going on to argue for the role both played in the ongoing process of colonisation. In particular, it highlights the contribution made to those aspects of territorial appropriation which were taking place in the imaginations of Sydney's inhabitants.

Some evidence for a Dark Age trading site at Bantham, near Thurlestone, South Devon

1955 ◽  
Vol 35 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 55-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aileen Fox
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Natural History ◽  
Sand Dunes ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
The People ◽  
Market Town ◽  
History Of ◽  
Late Nineteenth

Bantham is a small hamlet in the parish of Thurlestone, South Devon, five miles west of the market town of Kingsbridge. During the summer of 1953, to celebrate the Coronation, the people of Bantham arranged an exhibition of material illustrating their village history. The organizer, Mrs. Clare Fox, asked me to help in identifying some ‘Roman’ pottery and other objects that had been collected from the sand-dunes at the mouth of the river Avon near by, by Mr. H. L. Jenkins of Clanacombe in the late nineteenth century. The finds had been presented subsequently to the Torquay Natural History Society's Museum by Mrs. M. Radcliffe, his daughter-in-law, and were lent by the museum for the Bantham exhibition. The finds were found to include fragments of imported amphorae of Dark Age date, similar to those found at Garranes and Tintage and therefore to merit wider recognition. I am much indebted to Mrs. Fox for guidance to the site and for the history of the discoveries; to the Council and Curator (Mr. A. G. Madden) of the Torquay Museum for the loan of the objects; to Miss Theo Brown for their illustration; to my husband Cyril Fox for help with the map (fig. 5); and to Mr. G. C. Dunning for his description and drawing of the medieval finds.

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