SOUTH SUDANESE ARABIC AND THE NEGOTIATION OF THE LOCAL STATE, c. 1840–2011

AbstractThis article explores the history of the creole South Sudanese Arabic language from the mid-nineteenth century to the present day. It analyses the historical evidence of language use in the light of insights drawn from linguistic studies of creolisation to argue that South Sudanese Arabic became an innovative and necessary means of communication among multiple actors within new fields of interaction. The article argues that these fields of interaction were both the product and the arena of local state formation. Rather than marking the boundary of the state, the spread of this creole language indicates the enlarging arenas of participation in the local state. The development and use of South Sudanese Arabic as an unofficial lingua franca of local government, trade, and urbanisation demonstrates that communication and negotiation among local actors has been central to the long-term processes of state formation in South Sudan.

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Taxation, State Formation, and Governmentality: The Historical Development of Alcohol Excise Duties in England and Wales

Social Science History ◽

10.1017/ssh.2017.47 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 42 (2) ◽

pp. 269-293 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Henry Yeomans

Keyword(s):

State Formation ◽

Historical Development ◽

England And Wales ◽

Public Consumption ◽

Original Analysis ◽

Excise Taxation ◽

History Of ◽

Original Insight ◽

Excise Duties

The use of excise taxation in contemporary Western societies is marked by the curious coexistence of the state's fiscal objective of raising revenue with often-articulated behavioral objectives relating to lowering or altering public consumption of certain commodities. This article uses findings from the first dedicated empirical study of the long-term development of various alcohol excise duties in England and Wales to explain how and why this contemporary situation, of distinct and potentially inconsistent rationalities, came to exist. Orthodox tax history tends to emphasize the importance of tax for state formation generally and/or the more specific establishment of a fiscal-military state in Britain. While important, such accounts relate principally to the fiscal dimensions of taxation and say little about any behavioral aspects. This article draws upon the original analysis of archival government sources dating from 1643 to 1914 that pertain to the excise taxation of various drinks that are today defined as alcoholic. It also involves the innovative application of the Foucauldian concept of governmentality to this history of taxation. The article demonstrates that the historical development of alcohol excise duties in England and Wales has been driven not just by the formation of a fiscal-military state, but also by the emergence of governmentality across the modern period. This original insight into tax history is used to explain the logical inconsistencies within current tax laws. Moreover, by providing the first sustained analysis of its links to taxation, the article advances the developing literature around governmentality within criminology, sociology, and sociolegal studies.

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Zgodbe z »najlepše reke«: humanističnogeografski pogled na zgodovino razvoja in upravljanja turizma na Soči

Geografski vestnik ◽

10.3986/gv92202 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 92 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Matej Vranješ

Keyword(s):

Management Practices ◽

Tourism Industry ◽

Mass Tourism ◽

Management Measures ◽

Development Direction ◽

Local Actors ◽

History Of ◽

Development And Management ◽

Management Issues

V članku sta podana pregled in analiza razvoja turistične rabe reke Soče ter s tem povezanih upravljavskih praks. Turizem na Soči se je v treh desetletjih razvil od alternativne do izrazito množične tržne dejavnosti, Dolina Soče pa v mednarodno prepoznano outdoor destinacijo. Vzporedno s tem so se z zamikom sprejemali in spreminjali upravljavski ukrepi in pristopi. Na podlagi dolgoročnega etnografskega dela je v članku prikazano, ali in kako so se spreminjali vloga in stališča ključnih lokalnih akterjev ter interesnih skupin do upravljanja in razvoja turizma na Soči. Poleg za outdoor turizem značilnih upravljavskih vidikov (na primer varnost, infrastruktura, cena) je v ospredju vprašanje zaščite in smeri razvoja lokalne turistične ekonomije, ki se pojavi ob naraščajočem koriščenju omejenega vira v pogojih prostega pretoka ljudi, storitev in kapitala. // Stories from the “most beautiful river«: a humanistic geographical perspective on the history of the development and management of tourism on the river Soča The article presents an analysis of the development of the tourist use of the river Soča and the related management practices. In three decades, tourism on the Soča has developed from an alternative to mass tourism, while the Soča valley has become an internationally recognized outdoor destination. Management measures and approaches have been adopted and adapted with some delay. Based on long-term ethnographic fieldwork, the article presents whether and how the role and attitudes of the most important local actors and interest groups have changed in relation to the river tourism development and management. In addition to the typical management issues of outdoor tourism (e.g. safety, infrastructure, price), the focus is on the protection and development direction of the local tourism industry – an issue that often arises in cases of the increasing use of limited resources under conditions of free movement of people, capital and services.

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Anchors of Colonial Rule: Pluralistic Courts in Java, ca. 1803–1848

Itinerario ◽

10.1017/s0165115318000323 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 42 (2) ◽

pp. 238-255 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Sanne Ravensbergen

Keyword(s):

Nineteenth Century ◽

Complex Formation ◽

State Formation ◽

Colonial Rule ◽

Formation Processes ◽

Local Dynamics ◽

Colonial State ◽

Institutional Approach ◽

Local Actors

Through an institutional approach and by focusing on long-term developments, this article offers a genealogy of the pluralistic character of thelandraad(regional colonial court) in colonial Java. It argues that the pluralistic landraden—consisting of a Dutch president, Javanese judges, a local prosecutor, and Islamic and Chinese advisers—were crucial to the process of colonial state formation. This long-term process reflects continuities rather than rupture and change between the era of the VOC and the nineteenth-century developing colonial state. The spatial sites of the landraden reveal not only the conflicts between several layers, institutions, and individuals in the process of colonial state formation but also the importance of local actors in this process. Local dynamics as well as tensions between the various layers of the colonial state, which were striving either for uniformity or for the maintenance of local pluralities, provide insights into the complex formation processes of dual rule from below.

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Misconceptions in the History of Mancala Games: Antiquity and Ubiquity

Board Game Studies Journal ◽

10.2478/bgs-2021-0001 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

pp. 1-12

Author(s):

Alex de Voogt

Keyword(s):

State Formation ◽

Evidence Based ◽

Complex Societies ◽

Historical Evidence ◽

Board Games ◽

History Of ◽

Ancient Monuments

Abstract Mancala games are commonly defined by the appearance of the boards and mode of moving the pieces. The similarities have led to the belief that most mancala games are historically related or that they may be identified by appearances alone. Their ubiquity in Africa and their occurrence as graffiti boards on ancient monuments has created speculation about their antiquity. To this date their ancient status cannot be confirmed by archaeological or historical evidence. Based on today’s understanding, mancala games are of distinct kinds with separate histories while their antiquity goes back hundreds of years but not yet thousands. Mancala games have been instrumental in showing that so-called complex societies and the presence of board games are not necessarily related. By extension, state formation and the development of board games should not be connected based on the evidence of contemporary mancala gaming practices.

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Patchwork States: The Localization of State Territoriality on the South Sudan–Uganda Border, 1914–2014*

Past & Present ◽

10.1093/pastj/gtz052 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 248 (1) ◽

pp. 209-258

Author(s):

Cherry Leonardi

Keyword(s):

State Formation ◽

African State ◽

South Sudan ◽

Local State ◽

Past Century ◽

Starting Point ◽

History Of ◽

Postcolonial History ◽

International Boundaries ◽

International Border

Abstract This paper takes a localized conflict over a non-demarcated stretch of the Uganda–South Sudan boundary in 2014 as a starting point for examining the history of territorial state formation on either side of this border since its colonial creation in 1914. It argues that the conflict was an outcome of the long-term constitution of local government territories as patches of the state, making the international border simultaneously a boundary of the local state. Some scholars have seen the limited control of central governments over their borderlands and the intensification of local territorialities as signs of African state fragmentation and failure. But the article argues that this local territoriality should instead be seen as an outcome of ongoing state-formation processes in which state territory has been co-produced through local engagement and appropriation. The paper is thus of wider relevance beyond African or postcolonial history, firstly in contributing a spatial approach to studies of state formation which have sought to replace centre–periphery models with an emphasis on the centrality of the local state. Secondly it advances the broader field of borderlands studies by arguing that international boundaries have been shaped by processes of internal territorialisation as well as by the specific dynamics of cross-border relations and governance. Thirdly it advocates a historical and processual approach to understanding territory, arguing that the patchwork of these states has been fabricated and reworked over the past century, entangling multiple, changing forms and scales of territory in the ongoing constitution of state boundaries.

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Politischer Sprachgebrauch

Lublin Studies in Modern Languages and Literature ◽

10.17951/lsmll.2021.45.1.75-85 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 45 (1) ◽

pp. 75

Author(s):

Thomas Niehr

Keyword(s):

Federal Republic ◽

Political Communication ◽

Language Use ◽

Federal Republic Of Germany ◽

Important Research ◽

Political Language ◽

Research Results ◽

History Of ◽

Traditional Sense

<p>In this article, special features of political communication are presented. Researchers agree that political language is not a technical language or variety in the traditional sense. Nevertheless, there have been attempts to define the characteristics of political language use more precisely. Such attempts originate from the linguistic subfield of „politolinguistics“, whose history is briefly described in order to outline the methodological advances of this discipline. Finally, the article provides an overview of important research results in politolinguistics and of discourses that are and have been of long-term importance for the history of communication in the Federal Republic of Germany.</p>

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Violence, Self-Discipline and Modernity: Beyond the ‘Civilizing Process’

The Sociological Review ◽

10.1111/j.1467-954x.1989.tb00027.x ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 37 (2) ◽

pp. 193-218 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Robert van Krieken

Keyword(s):

State Formation ◽

European Society ◽

Historical Evidence ◽

Civilizing Process ◽

History Of ◽

Modern Self

Norbert Elias's writings on the development of self-constraint and its relationship to state formation are examined in the light of anthropological and historical critiques of his arguments and data. It is argued that state formation should not be seen as essential to self-discipline; that Elias's view of the development of self-constraint rests on a limited reading of the historical evidence on medieval personality and behaviour; and that many other aspects of the history of European society apart from ‘lengthening chains of interdependency’, such as bureaucracy and individuality, should be examined in order to explain modern self-discipline.

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Atypical Femoral Fracture in McCune-Albright Syndrome

Journal of Research in Orthopedic Science ◽

10.32598/jrosj.7.3.711.1 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (3) ◽

pp. 147-152

Author(s):

Salman Ghaffari ◽

◽

Mehran Razavipour ◽

Parastoo Mohammad Amini ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Femoral Fracture ◽

Dynamic Compression ◽

Plate Fixation ◽

Medullary Canal ◽

Mccune Albright Syndrome ◽

Café Au Lait Spots ◽

History Of ◽

Albright Syndrome ◽

Mccune Albright

McCune-Albright Syndrome (MAS) is characterized by endocrinopathies, café-au-lait spots, and fibrous dysplasia. Bisphosphonates are the most prescribed treatment for reducing the pain but their long-term use has been associated with atypical fractures of cortical bones like femur in patients. We present a 23-year-old girl diagnosed with MAS. She had an atypical mid-shaft left femoral fracture that happened during simple walking. She also had a history of long-term use of alendronate. Because of the narrow medullary canal, we used 14 holes hybrid locking plate for the lateral aspect of the thigh to fix the fracture and 5 holes dynamic compression plate (instead of the intramedullary nail) in the anterior surface to double fix it, reducing the probability of device failure. With double plate fixation and discontinuation of alendronate, the complete union was achieved five months after surgery

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European Integration

10.3366/edinburgh/9781474455893.001.0001 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Johann P. Arnason

Keyword(s):

European Integration ◽

Eastern European ◽

The European Union ◽

Historical Processes ◽

History Of ◽

External Conditions ◽

Eastern European Countries ◽

Totalitarian Regimes ◽

The Eu

Different understandings of European integration, its background and present problems are represented in this book, but they share an emphasis on historical processes, geopolitical dynamics and regional diversity. The introduction surveys approaches to the question of European continuities and discontinuities, before going on to an overview of chapters. The following three contributions deal with long-term perspectives, including the question of Europe as a civilisational entity, the civilisational crisis of the twentieth century, marked by wars and totalitarian regimes, and a comparison of the European Union with the Habsburg Empire, with particular emphasis on similar crisis symptoms. The next three chapters discuss various aspects and contexts of the present crisis. Reflections on the Brexit controversy throw light on a longer history of intra-Union rivalry, enduring disputes and changing external conditions. An analysis of efforts to strengthen the EU’s legal and constitutional framework, and of resistances to them, highlights the unfinished agenda of integration. A closer look at the much-disputed Islamic presence in Europe suggests that an interdependent radicalization of Islamism and the European extreme right is a major factor in current political developments. Three concluding chapters adopt specific regional perspectives. Central and Eastern European countries, especially Poland, are following a path that leads to conflicts with dominant orientations of the EU, but this also raises questions about Europe’s future. The record of Scandinavian policies in relation to Europe exemplifies more general problems faced by peripheral regions. Finally, growing dissonances and divergences within the EU may strengthen the case for Eurasian perspectives.

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