Rekreacijske dejavnosti na območju Slavnika – analiza mnenj izbranih deležnikov

Območje Slavnika je zaradi redkih in endemičnih rastlinskih in živalskih vrst zavarovano kot naravni spomenik državnega pomena. Z opazovanjem stanja na terenu in intervjuji s ključnimi deležniki smo preučili obremenitve okolja, ki nastajajo zaradi izvajanja različnih rekreacijskih dejavnosti ter opredelili pomanjkljivosti v upravljanju in sodelovanju deležnikov. Ugotovili smo, da se posledice množičnega obiska in različnih rekreacijskih dejavnosti najbolj kažejo v eroziji poti, poškodbah rastlinstva in onesnaženju z odpadki. Za trajnostni razvoj rekreacijskih dejavnosti na Slavniku bi bilo potrebno sodelovanje vseh »uporabnikov«, ozaveščanje in informiranje obiskovalcev, ključno vlogo pa bi morale prevzeti tudi pristojne lokalne in državne ustanove s sprejetjem ustreznih sistemskih rešitev. // The area of Slavnik is protected as a natural monument of national importance due to the rare and endemic plant and animal species. The authors examined the environmental impacts of various recreational activities in this area by observing the situation along the hiking trails and with interviewing key stakeholders. Apart from most evident consequences of intense visitation and different recreational activities, such as soil erosion, vegetation damage, and waste pollution, the study identified inadequate environmental management and poor cooperation of stakeholders. The sustainable development of recreational activities in the Slavnik area would require the participation of all "users", as well as informing and raising awareness of visitors. Local and state institutions should also participate and take a more prominent role by adopting effective system solutions.

The past and perspective development of pasturing and tourism in the mountains: insights from Norway and Slovenia

The paper aims to analyse the characteristics and trends in pastoral farming, tourism and recreation in the Norwegian and Slovenian mountains and resulting landscape changes. These land uses and related driving forces have been scrutinised in the context of economic, social, and political aspects. While pastoral farming has a centuries-old tradition in the higher altitudes of both countries, interest in mountains for tourism and recreational purposes dates back only to the nineteenth century but has been increasing steadily ever since. The findings of the study, based on a literature review and secondary data, suggest that the social, economic, and especially the political situation in Norway and Slovenia have been different, but the development of mountains in both countries in the field of mountain pasturing and tourism and recreation has shared more similarities than differences, although nuances and specificities should not be disregarded. It is evident that mountain pasturing in both countries is sensitive to societal changes. Further on, we can infer the synergy and the right balance between it and tourism and recreation can be an opportunity for a viable mountain economic situation and would preserve the long traditions of cooperation between the two sectors. // Članek analizira značilnosti in trende pašništva in rekreacije ter posledične spremembe pokrajine v norveških in slovenskih gorah. Spremembe v rabi zemljišč in z njimi povezane gonilne sile smo preučili z ekonomskega, družbenega in političnega vidika. Planinsko pašništvo ima v obeh državah večstoletno tradicijo, zanimanje za gore iz turističnih in rekreativnih vzgibov pa se je začelo šele v 19. stoletju, vendar se od tedaj stalno povečuje. Ugotovitve te študije, ki temeljijo na pregledu obstoječe literature in sekundarnih podatkov, kažejo, da je bil družbeni, gospodarski in še posebej politični položaj na Norveškem in v Sloveniji sicer različen, vendar razvoj gorskih območij v obeh državah izkazuje več podobnosti kot razlik, pri čemur ne smemo zanemariti določenih razhajanj in posebnosti. Jasno je, da na planinsko pašništvo v obeh državah vplivajo družbene spremembe. Prav tako je očitno, da sinergija in ustrezno ravnovesje med planinskim pašništvom in turizmom ter rekreacijo nudita priložnost za vitalno gospodarsko stanje v gorah in obenem omogočata ohranitev dolgoletne tradicije sodelovanja med obema panogama.

Raznolikost opredeljevanja in preučevanja socialnega kapitala v geografiji in sorodnih znanstvenih vedah

Opredelitve in pristopi k preučevanju socialnega kapitala so v znanstvenih vedah (na primer geografiji, sociologiji, zgodovini, politologiji, antropologiji) raznoliki in celo protislovni, koncept socialnega kapitala pa je zato kritiziran zaradi teoretske nekonsistentnosti. Koncept socialnega kapitala se kot predmet preučevanja različnih znanstvenih ved nekritično in brez utemeljitev označuje kot »interdisciplinarni«. Prispevek z namenom osvetlitve interdisciplinarnosti koncepta, vsebinsko analizira 17 opredelitev socialnega kapitala. Z vsebinsko analizo je prepoznanih šest gradnikov socialnega kapitala, ki so med seboj tesno prepleteni in ne omogočajo enoznačne določitve pomenskega jedra. Opisani so raziskovalni pristopi iz geografije in sorodnih ved, ki so zasnovani na teh opredelitvah. Pristopi odsevajo, da se socialni kapital krovno uporablja kot hevristični model za teoretsko, metodološko in epistemološko sicer zelo raznolike raziskave. Raziskav, ki bi bile zasnovane primerjalno, primanjkuje, prezrto pa je tudi preučevanje na lokalni ravni. Koncept socialnega kapitala je razširjen v številnih znanstvenih vedah, vendar pa so raziskave z interdisciplinarno zasnovo dokaj maloštevilne. // The definitions and research approaches of the social capital are diverse and even contradictory in the scientific disciplines (i.e. geography, sociology, history, political sciences, anthropology). The concept of social capital as a research object of various scientific disciplines is often criticized due to its theoretical inconsistency and labelled as an interdisciplinary approach uncritically and without any references in the scientific literature. Paper aims to enlighten interdisciplinarity of concept through 17 definitions of social capital, which are assembled through literature review. The content analysis points out six building blocks of social capital, which are tightly connected; there is no simple identification of the semantic core of definitions. The research approaches in geography and related disciplines, which are conceptualized based on those definitions, are also described. The research approaches reflect a diversity, as social capital is used as a heuristic model for theoretical, methodological and epistemological diverse researches. Through the literature review, lack of comparative researches on a local level is identified. The concept of social capital is extended in many disciplines, but there are only a few interdisciplinary conceptualized researches.

Zgodbe z »najlepše reke«: humanističnogeografski pogled na zgodovino razvoja in upravljanja turizma na Soči

V članku sta podana pregled in analiza razvoja turistične rabe reke Soče ter s tem povezanih upravljavskih praks. Turizem na Soči se je v treh desetletjih razvil od alternativne do izrazito množične tržne dejavnosti, Dolina Soče pa v mednarodno prepoznano outdoor destinacijo. Vzporedno s tem so se z zamikom sprejemali in spreminjali upravljavski ukrepi in pristopi. Na podlagi dolgoročnega etnografskega dela je v članku prikazano, ali in kako so se spreminjali vloga in stališča ključnih lokalnih akterjev ter interesnih skupin do upravljanja in razvoja turizma na Soči. Poleg za outdoor turizem značilnih upravljavskih vidikov (na primer varnost, infrastruktura, cena) je v ospredju vprašanje zaščite in smeri razvoja lokalne turistične ekonomije, ki se pojavi ob naraščajočem koriščenju omejenega vira v pogojih prostega pretoka ljudi, storitev in kapitala. // Stories from the “most beautiful river«: a humanistic geographical perspective on the history of the development and management of tourism on the river Soča The article presents an analysis of the development of the tourist use of the river Soča and the related management practices. In three decades, tourism on the Soča has developed from an alternative to mass tourism, while the Soča valley has become an internationally recognized outdoor destination. Management measures and approaches have been adopted and adapted with some delay. Based on long-term ethnographic fieldwork, the article presents whether and how the role and attitudes of the most important local actors and interest groups have changed in relation to the river tourism development and management. In addition to the typical management issues of outdoor tourism (e.g. safety, infrastructure, price), the focus is on the protection and development direction of the local tourism industry – an issue that often arises in cases of the increasing use of limited resources under conditions of free movement of people, capital and services.

Trajnostne prakse v turizmu – kako jih prepoznati?

V članku predstavljamo mehanizme za prepoznavanje trajnostnih praks v turizmu: standard, certificiranje, označevanje, nagrajevanje ter vključevanje v mreže oziroma združenja. Pojasniti želimo, kakšne so razlike med njimi, kaj posamezen mehanizem sporoča turističnim ponudnikom in obiskovalcem ter opozoriti na terminološke variacije, ki se pojavljajo v znanstveni literaturi in strokovnih virih. Omenjene mehanizme želimo predstaviti tudi na konkretnih uveljavljenih primerih iz slovenskega turizma ter opozoriti na dva dodatna vira informacij o trajnostnih praksah, vse bolj prisotna na trgu turistične industrije: vsebine, ki jih oblikujejo uporabniki, ter znamčenje. // The article presents mechanisms for identifying sustainable tourism practices: standard, certification, labelling, awarding and networking. We aim to clarify the differences among them, explain what each mechanism communicates to tourism providers and visitors, and show some terminological variations that occur in scientific literature and professional sources. We also aim to present these mechanisms with concrete examples from Slovenian tourism, and point out two additional sources of information linked to sustainable practices in the tourism industry market: user-generated content and branding.

Slovenski eksonimi skozi prizmo prvega slovenskega pravopisa

Članek z vidika eksonimov analizira prvi slovenski pravopis v slovenskem jeziku, ki ga je leta 1899 izdal Fran Levec. Analiza je pokazala, da se je Levec eksonimov zelo dobro zavedal, čeprav zanje še ni uporabil terminologije, ki jo poznamo danes. Osredinil se je predvsem na eksonime v okolici slovenskega jezikovnega območja, predvsem na matično državo Avstro-Ogrsko in sosednje dežele. V pravopisu pa ni nobenih imen iz nelatiničnih pisav in imen v latinici zunaj Evrope. Članek na koncu navaja slovenske eksonime, ki jih temeljna strokovna literatura doslej še ni obravnavala in bi jih bilo smiselno vključiti v Slovar slovenskih eksonimov. // This article analyses the first Slovenian normative guide, published by Fran Levec in 1899, from the perspective of exonyms. The analysis shows that Levec was well acquainted with exonyms, even though he did not yet apply the same terminology as used today to describe them. He primarily focused on exonyms close to the Slovenian linguistic area, especially those in Austria-Hungary and neighboring countries. However, the normative guide does not include any names in non-Roman scripts or any Roman-script names of places outside Europe. The article concludes with a list of Slovenian exonyms that have not yet been examined in seminal specialist literature and that should be included in Slovar slovenskih eksonimov (Dictionary of Slovenian Exonyms).

Geography in secondary education: an analysis of the structure of curricula and their evaluation

The purpose of this paper is to present some of the results of a broader survey of current geography curricula at primary and secondary levels of education in Slovenia. The primary aim of the study was to find out what kind of curricula for geography lessons teachers of geography and others interested in geography would like to see at different levels of education. The study consisted of two parts: in the first part, we took an analytical view of the primary school curriculum in geography, and in the second part, which is provided in this paper, we focused on the secondary educational level, looking at both gymnasiums and secondary vocational and technical education. We present the opinions of the survey respondents on the basic conceptual orientation of the geography curricula in gymnasiums and in secondary vocational and technical schools, their elementary structure and scope, and the respondents' reflections on the comprehensiveness, usefulness and suitability of individual curriculum elements for teaching geography. // Namen prispevka je predstaviti del rezultatov širše raziskave o dosedanjih geografskih učnih načrtih na primarni in sekundarni ravni izobraževanja v Sloveniji. Temeljni cilj raziskave je bil ugotoviti, kakšne učne načrte za pouk geografije si želijo učitelji geografije in druga zainteresirana geografska javnost na različnih vzgojno-izobraževalnih ravneh. Raziskava je bila dvodelna; v prvem delu smo osvetlili analitični pogled na osnovnošolski učni načrt za geografijo, v drugem delu, ki ga podajamo v tem prispevku, pa smo se osredotočili na srednješolsko vzgojno-izobraževalno raven, in sicer tako na gimnazijsko kot na srednje strokovno in poklicno-tehniško izobraževanje. Predstavljamo mnenje anketiranih o osnovni konceptualni usmeritvi učnega načrta za geografijo v gimnaziji ter kataloga znanja za geografijo v srednjem strokovnem in poklicno-tehniškem izobraževanju, o njuni elementarni strukturi in obsegu ter razmišljanja anketiranih o vključenosti, uporabnosti in ustreznosti posameznih elementov učnega načrta oziroma kataloga znanja za pouk geografije.

Zgodovina revije Acta geographica Slovenica – ob 60. letniku

Acta geographica Slovenica je znanstvena revija za vsa področja geografije in sorodnih ved. Izdaja jo Geografski inštitut Antona Melika ZRC SAZU, zalaga Založba ZRC in sozalaga Slovenska akademija znanosti in umetnosti. Med letoma 1952 in 1976 je revija izhajala občasno, nato enkrat letno, od leta 2003 dvakrat letno, od leta 2019 pa izhaja trikrat letno. Od leta 1995 revija izhaja tudi na spletu. Od leta 1981 je revija vključena v Scopus, od leta 2003 pa v Web of Science. Je med najbolj citiranimi slovenskimi znanstvenimi revijami v tujini. Leta 2020 je izšel njen šestdeseti letnik in tej obletnici je posvečen ta prispevek. // Acta geographica Slovenica is a scientific journal for papers covering all fields of geography and related disciplines. It is issued by the ZRC SAZU Anton Melik Geographical Institute, published by Založba ZRC, and co-published by the Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts. From 1952 to 1976, the journal was published periodically, then once a year, twice a year from 2003, and three times a year since 2019. The online version of the journal has been available since 1995. The journal has been included in Scopus since 1981 and in Web of Science since 2003. It is one of the Slovenian scholarly journals most cited abroad. The 60th volume was published in 2020 and this article is dedicated to the milestone anniversary.

Apiturizem kot presečišče tradicije, zdravilstva in čebelarjeve trajnostne pridobitne dejavnosti

Apiturizem združuje trajnostni, nišni, dediščinski in zdravstveni turizem. Je nov turistični proizvod in tudi nova raziskovalna tema. V pričujočem prispevku pojasnimo razvoj apiturizma in apiterapije v Sloveniji. Ker je glavna posebnost slovenskega apiturizma certifikat odličnosti, smo s pomočjo intervjujev ugotavljali poglede certificiranih in necertificiranih ponudnikov (čebelarjev) na »izvajanje« apiturizma v praksi. Ugotovili smo, da imajo ponudniki o vključevanju apiturizma v slovensko okolje pozitivno mnenje, kritični pa so do zakonske neurejenosti apiterapije in si od državnih ustanov želijo večjo pomoč pri razvoju in promociji apiturizma. Zaznane so bile tudi razlike med cerificiranimi ponudniki in tistimi, ki certifikata nimajo. // Apitourism combines sustainable, niche, heritage and health tourism. It is a new tourism product and a new research topic. In this paper we explain the development of apitourism and apitherapy in Slovenia. Since the main feature of Slovenian apitourism is the certificate of excellence, interviews were used to determine the views of certified and non-certified providers (beekeepers) of the business (“implementation” of apitourism in practice). We found out that providers have a positive opinion on the integration of apitourism into the Slovenian environment, but they are critical of the (legal) disorder of apitherapy. They also want more help in the development and promotion of apitourism from state institutions. Differences between certified providers and those who do not have a certificate were identified throughout the research.

Ohranjanje krajinskih značilnosti in njihovo vključevanje v ukrepe slovenske kmetijske politike

Namen prispevka je ovrednotiti upravljanje s krajinskimi značilnostmi v Sloveniji in opredeliti ključne potrebe na področju njihove identifikacije, ukrepov in podpornih sistemov za njihovo ohranjanje. Instrumenti kmetijske politike še ne omogočajo ohranjanja krajinskih značilnosti v zadostni meri in so deloma celo spodbudili njihovo izginjanje. Glavni oviri pri oblikovanju učinkovitejših ukrepov sta pomanjkanje podatkovnih virov in neupravičenost večine krajinskih značilnosti do dohodkovnih podpor. Predlagane izboljšave vključujejo natančnejšo opredelitev krajinskih značilnosti, vključitev v ukrepe z jasno intervencijsko logiko ter okrepitev podatkovnih baz in sistemov spremljanja. Prizadevati si je treba tudi za zapolnitev vrzeli v znanju, ki so povezane s tipologijo krajinskih značilnosti, njihovimi interakcijami s kmetijskimi ekosistemi in pristopi k njihovemu dolgoročnemu ohranjanju. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the management of landscape features in Slovenia and to identify key needs in terms of their identification, measures and support systems for their conservation. Agricultural policy instruments do not yet allow for the preservation of landscape features (LF) to a sufficient extent and have partly also encouraged their removal. The main obstacles to forming effective public interventions to conserve LF are the lack of data sources and ineligibility of most landscape features for income support. Consequently, a more precise definition of LF, incorporation into measures with a clear intervention logic and the strengthening of databases and monitoring systems are needed. Knowledge gaps related to LF typology, their interactions with agricultural ecosystems and approaches to long-term preservation should also be addressed.