scholarly journals The Transatlantic Slave Trade and the Foundation of the Kingdom of Galinhas in Southern Sierra Leone, 1790–1820

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Jorge Felipe Gonzalez
Keyword(s):  
Sierra Leone ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
Slave Trade ◽  
Social Activity ◽  
Physical Space ◽  
Political Stability ◽  
Early Nineteenth Century ◽  
Sierra Leonean ◽  
American Spanish ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract In the early nineteenth century a centralized political entity, the Galinhas kingdom, emerged in southernmost Sierra Leone. Based on sources from Cuban, British, American, Spanish, and Sierra Leonean archives, this article examines the factors accounting for the emergence and consolidation of Galinhas. I argue that the postabolitionist (1808) redeployment of North Atlantic slave trading actors, networks, routes, and spaces, particularly the connection with Cuba and resources from the island, created the conditions for Galinhas's commercial growth and the centralization of its political power. I then problematize the relationship between warfare, the Atlantic slave trade, and state making. During the foundation of a predatory state, before a slaving and political frontier existed, wars were detrimental to trade. When warfare and commerce — or any social activity — coexisted in the same physical space, the interdependent balance between them, which supported the slave trade itself, was disrupted. After the end of the war, political stability boosted slave trading operations.

Sources of the Nineteenth Century Atlantic Slave Trade

1964 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip D. Curtin ◽  
Jan Vansina
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Sierra Leone ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Slave Trade ◽  
Royal Navy ◽  
Early Nineteenth Century ◽  
Sierra Leonean ◽  
Atlantic Slave Trade ◽  
Different Parts

A large proportion of the slaves captured at sea by the British Royal Navy during the early nineteenth century were landed at Sierra Leone. Statistical data on the make-up of the Sierra Leonean population at this period is available from several sources, and it provides some interesting clues to the scope and size of the slave trade from different parts of Africa.

Antislavery on a Slave Coast

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Padraic X. Scanlan
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Sierra Leone ◽  
Slave Trade ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Early History ◽  
Joint Stock Company ◽  
Stock Company ◽  
Transatlantic Slave Trade ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Relationship

Before the abolition of the slave trade in the British empire in 1807, colonial Sierra Leone was an experiment in free trade and free labour, founded by the Sierra Leone Company, a joint-stock company led by antislavery activists, and settled by African American Loyalists from Nova Scotia. This chapter explores the early history of the colony, and shows how antislavery was undermined by the routines of the transatlantic slave trade. Meanwhile, African American settlers were marginalised, and the arrival of 500 Jamaican Maroons in 1800 helped to cement the relationship between the leaders of the antislavery movement and the British armed forces.

Abolition on shore

2019 ◽  
pp. 41-68
Author(s):  
Mary Wills
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
West Africa ◽  
Sierra Leone ◽  
Slave Trade ◽  
West African ◽  
Early Nineteenth Century ◽  
Naval Officers

Naval officers played a part in a reconfiguration of relations between Britain and West Africa in the early nineteenth century, as British abolitionist ideals and policies were introduced in the colony of Sierra Leone and increasingly rolled out along the coast. This chapter details the role of naval officers in the pursuit of anti-slavery treaties with African rulers, the encouragement of ‘legitimate’ trade (as non-slave-based trade was termed) and assisting increased exploration and missionary efforts. All were tied to the desire to end the slave trade at source in West African societies via the spread of European ideas of ‘civilization’ among African peoples. Officers’ narratives are revealing of increasing British intervention in West Africa, and how economic and strategic advantages for Britain became inextricable from humanitarian incentives.

Democracy, Oil and Political Stability in West Africa: Pathways to Managing Contested Spaces

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 292-308
Author(s):  
Linda Darkwa ◽  
Philip Attuquayefio
Keyword(s):  
West Africa ◽  
Sierra Leone ◽  
Resource Curse ◽  
Political Stability ◽  
Institutional Capacity ◽  
Democratic Institutions ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Contested Spaces ◽  
The People ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract The discovery of oil in commercial quantities in Ghana, Liberia, Sierra Leone, and Niger has generated optimism of a better life for the people living within the respective countries. This notwithstanding, the narrative surrounding African countries such as Nigeria and Angola as examples of the resource curse syndrome is well documented. Consequently, the conversation on the prospects from the discovery of oil is often measured. Within this context, this article explores the relationship between oil, democracy and political stability in West Africa. While conceding that countries which discovered oil post-democracy will likely avoid the challenges of those that struck oil prior to democracy, it is argued that such prospects are merely conditional due to inherent challenges in the democracy project practised in respective countries in the sub-region. The article thus argues that the pathways to addressing the contested spaces lie in democratic institutions with enhanced institutional capacity.

Africa

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Elbourne
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Sierra Leone ◽  
Southern Africa ◽  
Slave Trade ◽  
Limited Extent ◽  
Coastal Regions ◽  
Abolitionist Movement ◽  
Educational Networks ◽  
Long Eighteenth Century ◽  
The Relationship

Anglicanism had a limited institutional presence in Africa in the long eighteenth century, not least because the British were largely confined to slave forts before the acquisition of the Cape Colony and Sierra Leone at the end of the period. The relationship between Anglicanism and certain regions of Africa was shaped from the outset by slavery and the slave trade. This chapter focuses on the coastal regions of West Africa and to a more limited extent southern Africa, and includes discussion of African–British educational networks, the growing British abolitionist movement, and the foundation of Sierra Leone as an abolitionist and putatively Anglican colony beset by contradictions. Where Anglicanism did spread it was done by Africans, foreshadowing later developments, ironically often through networks created by colonialism and the slave trade.

The Liberated African Department

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Padraic X. Scanlan
Keyword(s):  
West Africa ◽  
Sierra Leone ◽  
Slave Trade ◽  
Napoleonic Wars ◽  
Civilizing Mission ◽  
Colonial Economy ◽  
American Colony ◽  
Church Missionary Society ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Church

After the conclusion of the Napoleonic Wars, the Court of Vice-Admiralty at Sierra Leone lost its place at the centre of the colonial economy. Former slaves released from the slave trade by the Court, and by its successor, the Courts of Mixed Commission, became the focus of intense attention from colonial officials and missionaries. Governor Charles MacCarthy, in conjunction with the Church Missionary Society, established a network of villages, the Liberated African Villages, scattered around the colony. The villages were the site of a sustained civilizing mission, which helped MacCarthy and other colonial officials to organise labour in the colony, to attract investment from Britain, and to expand Britain’s territory in West Africa. Under MacCarthy, British antislavery transformed into colonialism, as ‘captured Negroes’ became ‘Liberated Africans.’ The chapter also explores the relationship between Sierra Leone and the American colony of Liberia.

Reconstructing the Life Histories of Liberated Africans: Sierra Leone in the Early Nineteenth Century

2012 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 175-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzanne Schwarz
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Sierra Leone ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Slave Trade ◽  
Physical Characteristics ◽  
Early Nineteenth Century ◽  
Biographical Information ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Archives ◽  
Rare Opportunity

Abstract:This article draws attention to the scope and significance of the Registers of Liberated Africans, which were recently retraced in the Public Archives of Sierra Leone after a period of neglect. These registers, spanning the period between 1808 and 1819, provide details of the names and physical characteristics of the first groups of “recaptives” released at Freetown by royal naval patrols in the immediate aftermath of British abolition of the slave trade. This evidence, when combined with other categories of records generated by colonial administrators, offers a rare opportunity to reconstruct biographical information about enslaved Africans after their release from slaving vessels. The methodology discussed in this article demonstrates how nominal linkage across diverse categories of records surviving in Sierra Leone and Britain makes it possible to trace aspects of the subsequent movements of individuals after their cases had been adjudicated by the Vice Admiralty Court at Freetown.

Disease and Civilization: A Scottish Atlantic Network of Physicians in the Enlightenment

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-216
Author(s):  
Sarah Irving-Stonebraker
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Native Americans ◽  
Early Nineteenth Century ◽  
The Enlightenment ◽  
Historical Progress ◽  
Practice Of Medicine ◽  
Benjamin Rush ◽  
American Physician ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
A Current

Through an examination of the extensive papers, manuscripts and correspondence of American physician Benjamin Rush and his friends, this article argues that it is possible to map a network of Scottish-trained physicians in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth-century Atlantic world. These physicians, whose members included Benjamin Rush, John Redman, John Morgan, Adam Kuhn, and others, not only brought the Edinburgh model for medical pedagogy across the Atlantic, but also disseminated Scottish stadial theories of development, which they applied to their study of the natural history and medical practices of Native Americans and slaves. In doing so, these physicians developed theories about the relationship between civilization, historical progress and the practice of medicine. Exploring this network deepens our understanding of the transnational intellectual geography of the eighteenth and early nineteenth century British World. This article develops, in relation to Scotland, a current strand of scholarship that maps the colonial and global contexts of Enlightenment thought.

Barriers of physical activity (kinesiophobia) in patients subjected to cardiac rehabilitation

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Janusz Kocjan ◽  
Andrzej Knapik
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Cardiac Rehabilitation ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Social Activity ◽  
Self Assessment ◽  
Rehabilitation Process ◽  
Sf 36 ◽  
Polish Version ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractBackground: Comprehensive cardiac rehabilitation (CR) is a process designed to restore full physical, psychological and social activity and to reduce cardiovascular risk factors. Fear of movement may contribute to the occurrence and intensification of hypokinesia, and consequently affect the effectiveness of therapy. The aim of the study was to determine the level of barriers of physical activity in patients undergoing cardiac rehabilitation. The relationship between selected determinants (age and health selfassessment) and the kinesiophobia level were also examined.Material/Methods: 115 people aged 40-84 years were examined: 50 females (x = 63.46; SD = 11.19) and 65 males (x = 64.65; SD = 10.59) - patients undergoing cardiac rehabilitation at the Upper-Silesian Medical Centre in Katowice. In the present study, the Polish version of questionnaires: Kinesiophobia Causes Scale (KCS) and Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) were used. Questionnaires were supplemented by authors’ short survey.Results: The patients presented an elevated level of kinesiophobia, both in general as well as in individual components. In women, the kinesiophobia level was higher than in men. The psychological domain was a greater barrier of physical activity than the biological one. Strong, negative correlations of psychological and biological domains of kinesiophobia to physical functioning (SF-36) were noted in women. In the case of men, correlations were weaker, but also statistically significant.Conclusions: 1. Sex differentiates patients in their kinesiophobia level 2. Poor self-assessment of health is associated with a greater intensification of kinesiophobia 3. A high level of kinesiophobia may negatively affect cardiac rehabilitation process

Suffering in Art

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ritchie Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Early Nineteenth Century ◽  
Late Eighteenth ◽  
Words And Images ◽  
The Relationship

Ritchie Robertson situates Lessing’s text within debates over the proper depiction of extreme suffering in art, focusing on Goethe’s essay on the Laocoon group (1798), as well as other late eighteenth- and early nineteenth-century works on the representation of pain. The issue of suffering in art was of utmost significance to Goethe’s ideology of the classical, Robertson explains; more than that, the themes introduced in Lessing’s essay—above all, its concerns with how suffering can be depicted in words and images—proved pivotal within Goethe’s prescriptions about the relationship between idealism and individuality (or ‘the characteristic’) in art. As part of a larger campaign against what he called ‘naturalism’ in art, Goethe argued that the ancients did not share the false notion that art must imitate nature. For Goethe, responding to Lessing, the power of the Laocoon group lay precisely in its depiction of bodily suffering as something not just beautiful, but also anmutig (‘sensuously pleasing’).

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