Sperm production of a pony stallion and the treatment of spermatozoa in vitro with special reference to artificial insemination of mares

1943 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Chueh Chang
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Sperm Production ◽  
New Techniques ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
High Level

1. The sperm production of a pony stallion kept a constant high level when the collection of sperms was performed regularly three times a week. There was no adverse effect on the stallion or on the quantity and quality of the sperms. There is a negative correlation between the volume of semen and the concentration. The total number ejaculated remains relatively constant; the volume of accessory fluids is more variable.2. The motility of horse spermatozoa after dilution with eight different kinds of chemical media and stored at different temperatures was studied: Glucose-yolk-phosphate dilutor devised by Lamhert & McKenzie and glucose-yolk-tartrate dilutor devised by the author were found to be the best for the preservation of horse sperms at low temperature. There was not much difference between those diluted samples stored for 24 hr. at 10° C. and those slowly cooled to 1° C. Concentration of the semen by centrifuge is definitely beneficial for the preservation of horse sperms.3. Pregnancies were obtained by the insemination of sperms centrifuged and kept at 1° C. for 24 hr. The sperms of one stallion can be used for a great number of mares if artificial insemination is practised. The adoption of new techniques for the determination of the time of ovulation and for the induction of ovulation is suggested for successful artificial insemination of mares.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF THE EFFICIENCY OF IFV TECHNIQUES (ICSI, PICSI) IN THE ASSISTED REPRODUCTIVE TECHNOLOGY PROGRAMS

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 15-19
Author(s):  
Одареева ◽  
Elena Odareeva ◽  
Болдонова ◽  
Natalya Boldonova ◽  
Мыльникова ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnancy Rate ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Male Factor ◽  
Vitro Fertilization ◽  
Efficiency Assessment ◽  
High Level

The male factor is the cause of infertility in 40 % of cases. This study is dedicated to the efficiency assessment of ICSI and PICSI techniques and the determination of indications of these methods. There are some relative indications for ICSI in clinical practice: advanced reproductive age of patients, a small number of obtained oocytes, prolonged infertility, repeated attempts of in vitro fertilization. However, normal sperm values are registered in 71.3 % of cases. PICSI method is more preferable at high level of DNA fragmentation and associated changes in sperm indicators. Nevertheless, the pregnancy rate after these methods was comparable – 19.3 % and 19.7 % respectively. The results indicate that the ICSI and PICSI methods do not have a negative impact on the quality of the embryos and do not increase the pregnancy rate.

scholarly journals How to Achieve High-Quality Oocytes? The Key Role of Myo-Inositol and Melatonin

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salvatore Giovanni Vitale ◽  
Paola Rossetti ◽  
Francesco Corrado ◽  
Agnese Maria Chiara Rapisarda ◽  
Sandro La Vignera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Assisted Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Oocyte Quality ◽  
Fertilization Rate ◽  
In Vitro Models ◽  
The One ◽  
High Level

Assisted reproductive technologies (ART) have experienced growing interest from infertile patients seeking to become pregnant. The quality of oocytes plays a pivotal role in determining ART outcomes. Although many authors have studied how supplementation therapy may affect this important parameter for both in vivo and in vitro models, data are not yet robust enough to support firm conclusions. Regarding this last point, in this review our objective has been to evaluate the state of the art regarding supplementation with melatonin and myo-inositol in order to improve oocyte quality during ART. On the one hand, the antioxidant effect of melatonin is well known as being useful during ovulation and oocyte incubation, two occasions with a high level of oxidative stress. On the other hand, myo-inositol is important in cellular structure and in cellular signaling pathways. Our analysis suggests that the use of these two molecules may significantly improve the quality of oocytes and the quality of embryos: melatonin seems to raise the fertilization rate, and myo-inositol improves the pregnancy rate, although all published studies do not fully agree with these conclusions. However, previous studies have demonstrated that cotreatment improves these results compared with melatonin alone or myo-inositol alone. We recommend that further studies be performed in order to confirm these positive outcomes in routine ART treatment.

Fructose content and fructolysis in semen. Practical application in the evaluation of semen quality

1948 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 323-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Mann
Keyword(s):  
Semen Quality ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Small Samples ◽  
Bull Semen ◽  
Accessory Glands ◽  
Reduced Rate ◽  
High Level ◽  
Fresh Semen

SUMMARY1. A method is described whereby fructose content and fructolysis can be assayed accurately in small samples of semen. The advantages of this method lie in its simplicity, accuracy and practical convenience as a tool for the assessment of semen quality, applicable also under field conditions.2. The content of fructose in fresh semen depends upon the secretory function of accessory glands which is influenced directly by the activity of the male sex hormone. A low level of seminal fructose may coincide with other symptoms of hormonal malfunction and poor quality of spermatozoa. A high level of seminal fructose indicates satisfactory functional ability of the accessory glands, but it does not necessarily coincide with high quality of spermatozoa as expressed in terms of density and motility.3. The normal level of fructose in fresh semen undergoes frequent fluctuations which can be observed if semen collections are made from the same individual at different times. Considerable variations in the sperm/fructose ratio may also occur in the semen of the same individual as illustrated by the results of an ‘exhaustion test’.4. Fructose disappears from semen incubated in vitro. The rate of fructose disappearance forms a convenient measure of sperm fructolysis. The normal rate of fructolysis in bull semen is 1·4–2 mg. fructose per 109 sperm cells in 1 hr. at 37° C. At this high level it can be maintained until almost the whole reserve of fructose has been exhausted. Azoospermic and necrospennic semen, as well as that from vasectomized animals, are unable to utilize fructose. A reduced rate of fructolysis is found in low quality semen of subfertile and infertile animals.5. The conditions of sperm survival in semen incubated in narrow tubes as used for the fructolysis test as well as for storage of semen in the practice of artificial insemination, are almost purely anaerobic. Under such conditions the survival of spermatozoa must largely depend upon fructolysis and not upon respiration.

scholarly journals Evaluation of sperm quality of Erythrolamprus poecilogyrus sublineatus (Cope, 1860) (Serpentes, Dipsadidae)

2017 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 553-557
Author(s):  
A. C. Silva ◽  
A. S. Varela Junior ◽  
T. F. Cardoso ◽  
E. F. Silva ◽  
D. Loebmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sperm Quality ◽  
Membrane Integrity ◽  
Coastal Region ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Sperm Analysis ◽  
Pampa Region

Abstract Erythrolamprus poecilogyrus sublineatus (Cope, 1860), is a species widely distributed in the Pampa Domain, occurring in Rio Grande do Sul, Argentina and Uruguay, mainlyin the pampa region. In the coastal region of southern Brazil this is serpent is considered one of the most abundant. The purpose of the present study is to describe the techniques of sperm evaluation in vitro for E. poecilogyrus sublineatus in the coastal plain of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. After laparatomy the efferent vases were collected and the semen was diluted in 1ml Beltsville Thawing Solution. The characteristics of motility, membrane integrity, mitochondria, acrosome, DNA, cell viability and cellular functionality were evaluated. Fluorescent probes were used for the evaluation of sperm structure in epifluorescence microscope. With the techniques described, it was possible to identify intact and injured cells, enabling the determination of cell characteristics for the spring season (October and November). It was observed in the analyses that 80% of sperm cells were mobile and that 84.1 ± 8.0% of sperm membranes were intact. The standards found were of 48 ± 13.8% of intact acrosome, 73.6 ± 6.0 of perfect DNA and of 91.8 ± 4.0 of functional mitochondria. Thus, these values from the sperm analysis can be used as standards for the species Erythrolamprus poecilogyrus sublineatus.

scholarly journals METHODS FOR ASSESSMENT OF THE SPECIFIC ACTIVITY OF DRUGS FOR PREVENTION OF HEPATITIS B

2017 ◽  
Vol 62 (5) ◽  
pp. 233-240
Author(s):  
E. L. Postnova ◽  
N. V. Shalunova ◽  
K. A. Sarkisyan ◽  
A. A. Movsesyants
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Enzyme Immunoassay ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Elisa Method ◽  
Normative Documents ◽  
Immunologic Activity

The immunologic activity (specific activity) is one of the main indicators of quality of vaccines for prophylaxis of hepatitis B, along with their safety. Retrospective analysis of the use of laboratory methods for assessment of specific (immunogenic) activity of modern vaccines against hepatitis B using indicators was carried out: in vitro method based on evaluation of HBsAg content and in vivo method based on evaluation of immunogenic activity in mice. Both methods are standardized and described in normative documents on the vaccines against hepatitis B of domestic production registered in the Russian Federation. Indicators of specific (immunogenic) activity of vaccines against hepatitis B were used to investigate more than 170 vaccine series using the ELISA method in the period from 2013 to 2015. The obtained control results confirmed the expediency and efficiency of enzyme immunoassay for determination of HBsAg content, as well as permissibility of use of ready sets of the Murex HBsAg Version 3 test systems for testing vaccines against hepatitis B by the ELISA method. Analysis of the results of laboratory control of series of vaccines against hepatitis B using a biological method for immunogenicity evaluation based on ED50 analysis confirms persistently high immunogenic activity of the Russian commercial vaccines intended for prophylaxis of hepatitis B. The confirmed comparability of methods allows the number of in vivo tests to be further reduced in favor of the enzyme immunoassay authentically characterizing the produced drug.

scholarly journals Limnological study of Serbian oxbow shaped Lake Srebrno, with special emphasis on the benthic community composition and structure

2013 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vesna Martinovic-Vitanovic ◽  
Snezana Ostojic ◽  
Natasa Popovic ◽  
Maja Rakovic ◽  
Vladimir Kalafatic
Keyword(s):  
Trophic Levels ◽  
Bottom Fauna ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Composition And Structure ◽  
Medium Level ◽  
High Level ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Limnological Study

AbstractDetailed limnological study of the Lake Srebrno (Serbia) bottom fauna was performed in March 2007. Investigations included qualitative, quantitative, and saprobiological analysis of bottom fauna communities, physical and chemical analysis of sediments and determination of chlorophyll a concentration, as well as saprobic and trophic status analyses. Samples were collected at eighteen sites distributed along a shoreline and in deeper sections of the lake. Twenty taxa from nine macroinvertebrate groups were recorded. Family Chironomidae had the biggest index of participation, the highest species diversity and the largest density of populations in benthocenoses of Lake Srebrno. Faunistic similarity between sites was estimated according to Sorensen’s Quotient of Similarity (QS). The majority of benthocenoses - 56% showed a medium level of faunistic similarity (QS = 21-60%), and 42% of benthocenoses showed a high level of faunistic similarity (QS = 61-100%). The classification of Lake Srebrno based on saprobic and trophic levels was assessed. Saprobic level was in the range from alpha-meso- to poly-alpha-mesosaprobity. The water quality of the lake ranged from class III and between IV and III class. Generally, Lake Srebrno had eutrophic status with the gradation to hypertrophy.

scholarly journals Utilization of Ozone for the Improvement of Mentha piperita L. Quality by Reduction of Microbial Load and Impact of the Process on the Herb Properties

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 156-164
Author(s):  
Piotr Antos ◽  
Tomasz Piechowiak ◽  
Krzysztof Tereszkiewicz ◽  
Maciej Balawejder
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Sensory Evaluation ◽  
Microbial Contamination ◽  
Food Poisoning ◽  
Microbial Load ◽  
Mentha Piperita

AbstractHerbs can be contaminated with microorganisms, which affects their quality while increasing the risk of food poisoning. Thus, there is a need for efficient decontamination techniques. In this study, the microbial load was reduced in peppermint herb (Mentha piperita L.) exposed to ozone at 10 ppm for 60 minutes. The quality of the ozonated herb was assessed by the determination of microbial load and essential oils content. Total microbial content was reduced by 4 log cfu g−1 of the microorganisms whereas the contamination with molds was reduced from 10.07 log cfu g−1 of the microorganisms to zero. Moreover, sensory evaluation of the herb aroma was conducted. These characteristics were not significantly affected by the treatment. Therefore, ozone can be used to improve the peppermint herb quality by reduction of the microbial contamination of peppermint herb while having no adverse effect on the herb aroma.

scholarly journals 10 TIMED ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION IN CATTLE WITH REDUCED DOSAGE OF SPERMATOZOA

2005 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 155
Author(s):  
F. Becker ◽  
H. Alm ◽  
F. Schneider ◽  
H. Nehring ◽  
L. Rothe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Fixed Time ◽  
Fertilization Rate ◽  
Fertilization Rates ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
High Fertilization ◽  
Predetermined Time

Estrus detection and determination of time of insemination are very important factors in reproduction management of cattle. Therefore an estrus synchronization schedule in combination with induction of ovulation and a single insemination at a predetermined time in dairy cattle was established to achieve high pregnancy rates (Kanitz etal. 2002 Reprod. Nutr. Dev. 42, 587–599; Becker et al. 2004). The aim of the recent study was to investigate the influence of the number of spermatozoa per insemination dosage on embryo development and the interrelationship between number of accessory sperms per embryo and its development using this schedule. In total 116 German Holstein heifers received GnRH (i.m.; 0.05 mg Gonavet®, Veyx, Schwarzenborn, Germany) 60 h after PGF2α application (i.m.; 0.5 mg Cloprostenol forte®, Jenapharm, Jena, Germany) administered between Days 8 and 14 of the estrous cycle. Artificial insemination was carried out 13 h after GnRH application. Three different dosages of spermatozoa (15 × 106, 5 × 106, and 1 × 106) from three ejaculates from four fertile bulls were used. Embryos and oocytes were flushed from the oviducts of animals ovulated (n = 106; ovulation rate 91.3%). Animals were slaughtered on Day 4 after insemination. The quality of the embryos and oocytes was evaluated by microscopic examination. Embryos were stained with Hoechst 33258 to verify the number of accessory sperm. The evaluation of the data was carried out with the GLM procedure of the statistics software package SAS® (SAS Institute, Inc., Cary, NC, USA). As a post-hoc test the Student’s t-test was used. Significance was set at P = 0.05. After flushing of 106 animals, 85 embryos and oocytes was recovered (recovery rate 80.2%). Relative to the three sperm concentrations, there were no significant differences among fertilization rates (92.3, 96.2, and 78.8%) and among the portions of normal developed embryos (84.6, 80.7, and 75.8%, all respectively) between groups. Interestingly, significant differences were found according to the mean number of accessory sperm/embryo (29.6 ± 8.4, 45.3 ± 8.6, and 6.5 ± 7.2, respectively) and in the portion of embryos without or with more than 10 accessory sperm/embryo. Results show that fixed-time insemination, independent of detection of onset of estrus can result in high fertilization rates. Insemination with dosages <5 × 106 spermatozoa can reduce fertilization rates. Likewise, significant differences regarding fertilization rate were found after insemination of reduced sperm dosages of individual bulls. The number of accessory sperms/embryo seems to be an irrelevant parameter for quality of embryos produced under described conditions.

scholarly journals Determination of the protein quality of almonds ( Prunus dulcis L.) as assessed by in vitro and in vivo methodologies

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 2932-2938 ◽  
Author(s):  
James D. House ◽  
Kristen Hill ◽  
Jason Neufeld ◽  
Adam Franczyk ◽  
Matthew G. Nosworthy
Keyword(s):  
Protein Quality ◽  
Prunus Dulcis
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