The influence of intake of dietary energy in pregnancy and lactation upon sow productivity

SUMMARYFifty-two Large White gilts, arranged in thirteen groups of four litter sisters, were allocated at mating to one of four treatment groups. These treatments, arranged as a 2 × 2 factorial, allowed daily energy intakes in pregnancy of 8·3 Meal (H(e)) or 5·2 Meal (L(e)) and of average daily intake during lactation of 20 Meal (h(e)) or 13·8 Meal (m(e)). Daily intakes of protein, minerals and vitamins were similar for all treatments. There were no consistent differences in health or breeding regularity between the treatments.The H(e) sows had a net gain in pregnancy 22 kg greater than the L(e) sows. Feeding the higher level in lactation (h(e) resulted in a reduced sow weight loss during lactation of 20, 12 and 10 kg in the first, second and third parities respectively, as compared with the m(e) sows. There were no consistent effects on the numbers of pigs born apart from the first litter in which L(e) sows produced significantly larger litters at birth. The higher energy intakes in pregnancy and lactation led to very similar increases in the weights of the piglets, of the order of 0.1 kg at birth, 0.4 kg at 3 weeks of age, and 1.1 kg at 8 weeks of age. Sowsgiven the same overall energy intake throughout their reproductive life (H(e) m(e), L(e) h(e)) at the end of the third litter had similar live weights and had produced a similar total weight of weaned pigs. The practical implications of these results are discussed.

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The effect of different dietary energy substrates on performance and behaviour of outdoor sows

Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s0308229600031585 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 1996 ◽

pp. 195-195 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

S A Edwards ◽

I Riddoch ◽

L J Buckner

Keyword(s):

Daily Intake ◽

Treatment Level ◽

Dietary Energy ◽

Energy Substrates ◽

Climatic Environment ◽

High Fibre ◽

Heat Increment ◽

Time Of Year ◽

Reproductive Cycles ◽

In Pregnancy

Outdoor sows are subject to a variable climatic environment and to competition within the group for food. High fibre diets, with greater bulk and heat increment, might be beneficial in pregnancy whilst the converse properties might favour high oil diets during lactation.A 2x2 factorial design compared 2 pregnancy diets, cereal based [C] (122 g/kg NDF, 38 g/kg AEE, 13.0 MJ/kg DE, 157 g/kg CP) or high fibre [F] (222 g/kg NDF, 11.5 MJ/kg DE, 138 g/kg CP), and 2 lactation diets, diet C (as in pregnancy) or high oil [O] (72 g/kg AEE, 14.5 MJ/kg DE, 174 g/kg CP). 231 reproductive cycles of Camborough 12 sows were studied over an 18 month period. Pregnancy diets were fed to paddocks of 8-13 sows at a treatment level providing the same daily intake of DE and protein, adjusted to maintain body condition as appropriate to the time of year.

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Mango Consumption Is Associated with Improved Nutrient Intakes, Diet Quality, and Weight-Related Health Outcomes

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu14010059 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 59

Author(s):

Yanni Papanikolaou ◽

Victor L. Fulgoni

Keyword(s):

Vitamin C ◽

Health Outcomes ◽

Dietary Fiber ◽

Diet Quality ◽

Daily Intake ◽

The United States ◽

Nutrient Intakes ◽

Added Sugar ◽

Daily Energy ◽

Daily Intakes

As nutrient-dense fruits, mangoes are commonly consumed globally and are important sources of nutrients in the diet. Nonetheless, mangoes remain relatively under-consumed in the United States. The objective of the present analysis was to examine nutrient intakes, diet quality, and health outcomes using data from NHANES 2001–2018 in children and adult mango consumers (n = 291; adults n = 449) compared with mango non-consumers (children n = 28,257; adults n = 44,574). Daily energy and nutrient intakes were adjusted for a complex sample design of NHANES using appropriate weights. Mango consumption was not associated with daily energy intake, compared with non-consumption, in both children and adults. Children consuming mangoes had a significantly lower daily intake of added sugar, sodium, total fat, and a higher intake of dietary fiber, magnesium, potassium, total choline, vitamin C, and vitamin D, compared with non-consumers. In adults, mango consumers had significantly higher daily intakes of dietary fiber, magnesium, potassium, folate, vitamin A, vitamin C, and vitamin E and significantly lower intakes of added sugar and cholesterol, compared with non-consumers. Mango consumption was also associated with a better diet quality vs. mango non-consumers (p < 0.0001). Mango consumption in adolescents was associated with lower BMI z-scores, compared with non-consumption. In adults, BMI scores, waist circumference, and body weight were significantly lower only in male mango consumers when compared with mango non-consumers. The current results support that mango consumption is associated with improved nutrient intakes, diet quality, and certain health outcomes. Thus, dietary strategies that aim to increase mango consumption in the American population should be evaluated as part of future dietary guidance.

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The effect of pattern of food intake in pregnancy upon sow productivity

Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s000335610002969x ◽

1971 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 257-270 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

F. W. H. Elsley ◽

E. V. J. Bathurst ◽

A. G. Bracewell ◽

J. M. M. Cunningham ◽

J. B. Dent ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Feed Intake ◽

Live Weight ◽

Average Weight ◽

Daily Ration ◽

Weight Changes ◽

Treatment Groups ◽

Research And Teaching ◽

Pregnancy And Lactation ◽

Effect Of Feeding ◽

In Pregnancy

SUMMARYSeven research and teaching centres have co-operated in an experiment involving 154 sows. The experiment compared the effect of feeding four different patterns of feed intake during pregnancy upon reproductive performance of sows. In each case approximately 220 kg of feed were given during each gestation according to four patterns of intake designated Constant (C), Low-High (L-H), High-Low (H-L) and High-Low-High (H-L-H). During lactation all animals were given a daily ration of 3·7 kg of feed for litters of five pigs or less, and 0·4 kg for each additional piglet. Wherever possible the sows remained on the same nutritional regimes for three parities.Although the pattern of feed intake slightly affected the live-weight changes of the sows during the course of pregnancy, the treatments had no significant effects on overall change in weight of the sows in pregnancy or in lactation in any of the three parities. The live weights of the sows at the end of the third parity were very similar for all treatment groups.The patterns of feed intake had no appreciable or significant effect on the numbers of pigs born, their average weight at birth or upon the numbers of pigs which survived to weaning at 6 weeks or their live weight. The health and breeding regularity of the sows were also unaffected by the treatments.There were differences between the centres in many of the variables which were compared, but there was no evidence of any important centre × treatment interactions.It is concluded that, at the levels of intake given in pregnancy and lactation in this experiment, there are no beneficial or detrimental effects of changing the pattern of intake during pregnancy.

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Meat and Meat Products Consumption in Italy: Contribution to Trace Elements, Heme Iron and selected B Vitamins supply

International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research ◽

10.1024/0300-9831.74.4.247 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 74 (4) ◽

pp. 247-251 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Lombardi-Boccia ◽

Lanzi ◽

Lucarini ◽

Di Lullo

Keyword(s):

Trace Elements ◽

Daily Intake ◽

Meat Products ◽

Heme Iron ◽

B Vitamins ◽

Zinc Intake ◽

Consumption Frequency ◽

Iron And Zinc ◽

Iron Heme ◽

Daily Intakes

This study was undertaken to estimate the contribution of meat and meat products consumption to the daily intakes of trace elements (Fe, Zn, Cu, Se), heme iron, and selected B vitamins (thiamine, riboflavin, niacin) in Italy. Meat and meat products were selected on the basis of their consumption frequency reported by the most recent nationwide dietary individual survey carried out in Italy (INN-CA study). The daily intakes of total iron and heme iron were 1.65 and 1.13 mg/person/day. Zinc intake was 3.65 mg/person/day. Beef made the main contribution to iron, heme iron, and zinc daily intakes. Copper daily intake was 107.3 mug/person/day, with meat products provided the highest contribution (40 mug/person/day). Daily intake of selenium (7.14 mug/person/day) was provided mainly by poultry consumption. Thiamine intake was 228 mug/person/day, and meat products were the main source (110 mug/person/day). Riboflavin intake was 136 mug/person/day, with both beef and meat products as the main contributors (40 mug/person/day). Niacin intake was 7.53 mg/person/day, and poultry was the main source (2.28 mg/person/day). Meat and meat products were a valuable source of micronutrients, supplying 47, 48, and 24% of zinc, niacin, and thiamin daily requirements, respectively, and over 10% of iron, copper, selenium, and riboflavin daily average requirement values of the italian RDAs calculated for the population involved in the survey (INN-CA study).

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THIOURACIL TREATMENT IN PREGNANCY AND LACTATION IN THE DOG

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/acta.0.0400430 ◽

1962 ◽

Vol 40 (3) ◽

pp. 430-440 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

K. E. Arosenius ◽

H. Derblom ◽

G. Nylander

Keyword(s):

Thyroid Gland ◽

List Type ◽

Histological Changes ◽

Morphological Effect ◽

Iodine Metabolism ◽

Pregnancy And Lactation ◽

In Pregnancy

ABSTRACT The offspring of bitches treated with thiouracil during pregnancy and lactation were studied with regard to certain aspects of iodine metabolism and also to the morphological effect on the thyroid gland, as compared with controls of the same age and weight. At the age of six months, when the dogs were virtually fully grown, the thyroid gland still exhibited the effects of the thiouracil treatment of the mothers as manifested by an increased uptake of 131I, enlargement, and histological changes of a hyperplastic type. The significance of these deviations from normal iodine metabolism and morphology is discussed with particular reference to the dangers of thiouracil medication during pregnancy.

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of Bisphosphonates in pregnancy and lactation-associated osteoporosis.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.13334969.14701073 ◽

2011 ◽

Author(s):

Maria Luisa Brandi ◽

Gemma Marcucci

Keyword(s):

Pregnancy And Lactation ◽

In Pregnancy

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A systematic review of the use of prazosin in pregnancy and lactation

General Hospital Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2021.03.012 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Ashley D. Davidson ◽

Amritha Bhat ◽

Frances Chu ◽

Jessie N. Rice ◽

N. Aba Nduom ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Pregnancy And Lactation ◽

In Pregnancy

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An analysis of heavy metals contamination and estimating the daily intakes of vegetables from Uganda

Toxicology Research and Application ◽

10.1177/2397847320985255 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 ◽

pp. 239784732098525

Author(s):

Keneth Iceland Kasozi ◽

Eric Oloya Otim ◽

Herbert Izo Ninsiima ◽

Gerald Zirintunda ◽

Andrew Tamale ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Daily Intake ◽

Principal Component ◽

Absorption Spectrometry ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Essential Elements ◽

World Health ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Health Organization ◽

Daily Intakes

Background: Environmental contamination with elevated levels of copper (Cu), cobalt (Co), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), lead (Pb), chromium (Cr6+), cadmium (Cd), and nickel (Ni)—all states of which are found in Uganda—raises health risk to the public. Pb, Cr6+, Cd, and Ni for instance are generally considered nonessential to cellular functions, notwithstanding the importance of the oxidative state of the metals in bioavailability. As such, we aimed in this study (i) to evaluate heavy metal concentrations in four vegetables from a typical open-air market in Uganda, (ii) to assess the safety of consuming these vegetables against the World Health Organization (WHO) recommended limits of heavy metals consumption, and (iii) to formulate a model of estimated daily intake (EDI) among consumers in the country. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted in five georeferenced markets of Bushenyi district in January 2020. Amaranthus, cabbages, scarlet eggplants, and tomatoes were collected from open markets, processed, and analyzed by atomic absorption spectrometry. Modeled EDI, principal component (PCA) and cluster analysis (CA) were conducted to identify relationships in the samples. Results: The levels of essential elements in the four vegetables were found to fall from Co > Cu > Fe > Zn. Those of non-essential metals were significantly higher and followed the pattern Cd > Cr > Pb > Ni. The highest EDI values were those of Cu in scarlet eggplants, Zn in amaranthus, Fe in amaranthus, Co in amaranthus, Pb in cabbages, total Cr in scarlet eggplant, Cd in cabbages and tomatoes, and Ni in cabbages. In comparison to international limits, EDIs for Zn, Cu, Co and Fe were low while Ni in cabbages were high. PCA showed high variations in scarlet eggplant and amaranthus. The study vegetables were found to be related with each other, not according to the location of the markets from where they were obtained, but according to their species by CA. Conclusion: The presence of non-essential elements above WHO limits raises policy challenges for the consumption and marketing of vegetables in the study area. Furthermore, low EDIs of essential elements in the vegetables create demand for nutritious foods to promote healthy communities.

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