Vegetative growth of winter barley in relation to environmental conditions and grain yield

1985 ◽  
Vol 104 (2) ◽  
pp. 413-419 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Ramos ◽  
L. F. Garcia del Moral ◽  
L. Recalde
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Ontogenetic Drift ◽  
Net Assimilation

SummaryThe object of this study was to investigate the vegetative growth in six barley varieties grown in southern Spain (Granada) during 1979, 1980 and 1981. The results showed that crop dry weight (CDW) was dependent on environmental factors (mean temperature, rain, and radiation) which were the determinants of the two CDW components, leaf area index (LAI) and leaf area ratio (LAR). However, the effects of these climatic factors on crop growth rate (CGR) and on its components, mean leaf area index () and net assimilation rate (NAR), were partially obscured by ontogenetic drift. In addition, a highly significant relationship was demonstrated between CDW (when the LAI reaches its maximum value) and grain yield. This suggests that the pre-anthesis period has a great influence in the determination of grain yield variation in hot, dry areas, where photosynthesis is very limited after ear emergence.

Photosynthesis of wheat under field conditions. III. Seasonal trends in carbon dioxide uptake of crop communities

1971 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
DW Puckridge
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Uptake ◽  
Assimilation Chamber

Photosynthesis of two wheat cultivars grown in the field was examined during three seasons by use of a portable field assimilation chamber. There were large differences in dry weight, leaf area, and carbon dioxide uptake between seasons. Variations in carbon dioxide uptake by the community were related mainly to changes in leaf area index (LAI). There were changes in carbon dioxide uptake per unit LAI with time, and between the two cultivars in the first season, but the effects of these changes were small compared with the effects of LAI. Differences in grain yield were correlated with LAI and carbon dioxide uptake in the period after anthesis.

Above-Ground Dry Matter Production in Three Stands of Trembling Aspen

1972 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. F. W. Pollard
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Annual Production ◽  
Above Ground Biomass ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Mature Stand ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Net Assimilation

Above-ground biomass, annual production, and leaf area index (LAI) were estimated for several years in aspen stands aged 6, 15, and 52 years old in 1968. Based on regressions of dry weight on stem diameter, biomass (stems and branches) estimates for 1968 were 21 500 kg ha−1 in the juvenile stand, 51 200 kg ha−1 in the intermediate stand, and 91 800 kg ha−1 in the mature stand. Net annual above-ground production (stems and branches) for these stands in 1968 was 6900, 7000, and 1340 kg ha−1 respectively. In 1969, foliage amounted to 2600, 2600, and 1500 kg ha−1, providing LAI of 2.4, 2.9, and 1.6 for the stands. Net assimilation rates were roughly 20, 17, and 9 g m−2 week−1.Aspen stands regenerated as suckers may attain maximum annual production within a few years, coincident with the development of maximum LAI.

The growth of maize. II. Dry-matter partition in three maize hybrids

1972 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. O. Adelana ◽  
G. M. Milbourn
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Maize Yield ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Erect Posture ◽  
Area Index ◽  
South East England ◽  
Net Assimilation

SUMMARYWork that has been reported from some African countries indicates a dependence of grain yield in maize on the duration of leaf area after flowering. This paper studies maize yield in south-east England and confirms work at a similar northern latitude in Canada which has shown that considerable remobilization of photosynthate from the stem to the ear takes place during the main ear fill period.A similar grain yield was obtained from two contrasting hybrids. In a short early hybrid, Kelvedon 75A, there was a low peak leaf area index (5·3) but the net assimilation rate was high due possibly to efficient light interception by leaves that maintained an erect posture. Stem dry matter was also low and hence in this hybrid the high reproductive/vegetative ratio shows that there has been economy in the production of leaves and stem, especially as a 48% stem loss occurred during the period of ear fill.In contrast, in a later hybrid, Anjou 210, the final shoot dry matter was 20% higher as the peak leaf-area index of 7·7 gave slightly higher crop growth rates than K 75A. Although the remobilization of stem dry matter was similar in both hybrids it was notable that a different partition of dry matter in the ears of Anjou 210 gave a higher grain/rachis ratio.

Characteristics of the canopy, root system and grain yield of a crop of Lupinus angustifolius cv. Unicrop

1975 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 497 ◽  
Author(s):  
EAN Greenwood ◽  
P Farrington ◽  
JD Beresford
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Main Axis ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Exchange ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Plant Parts

The time course of development of a lupin crop was studied at Bakers Hill, Western Australia. The aim was to gain insight into the crop factors influencing yield. Weekly measurements were made of numbers and weights of plant parts, and profiles of roots, leaf area and light interception. A profile of carbon dioxide in the crop atmosphere was taken at the time of maximum leaf area, and the net carbon dioxide exchange (NCE) of pods was estimated for three successive weeks. The crop took 10 weeks to attain a leaf area index (LAI) of 1 and a further 9 weeks to reach a maximum LAI of 3.75, at which time only 33% of daylight reached the pods on the main axis. Once the maximum LAI was attained at week 19, leaf fall accelerated and rapid grain filling commenced almost simultaneously on all of the three orders of axes which had formed pods. Measurements of NCE between pods on the main axis and the air suggest that the assimilation of external carbon dioxide by the pods contributed little to grain filling. Grain dry weight was 2100 kg ha-1 of which 30%, 60% and 10% came from the main axis, first and second order apical axes respectively. Only 23% of the flowers set pods and this constitutes an important physiological limitation to grain yield.

Effects of Planting Density on Leaf Area and Productivity of Two Maize Cultivars in Nigeria

1982 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. U. Remison ◽  
E. O. Lucas
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Plant Population ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Maize Cultivars

SUMMARYTwo maize cvs, FARZ 23 and FARZ 25, were grown at three densities (37,000, 53,000 and 80,000 plants/ha) in 1979 and 1980. Leaf area index (LAI) increased with increase in plant population and was at a maximum at mid-silk. Grain yield was highest at 53,000 plants/ha. There was no relation between LAI and grain yield but there was a positive correlation between LAI and total dry matter yield.

A study of growth in swards of timothy and meadow fescue. I. Uninterrupted growth

1958 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 347-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. M. Langer
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Meadow Fescue ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Relative Growth Rates ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Total Dry Weight

1. Swards of S. 48 timothy and S. 215 meadow fescue growing alone or together were sampled at intervals of 3 weeks throughout the season. The number and weight of leaves, stems and ears were determined, and leaf area was estimated.2. Despite high rainfall, the total number of tillers in both species declined from the beginning of the experiment until early July, but increased again from then onwards until the original complement had been approximately restored. The number of leaves failed to show a corresponding increase in the autumn because each tiller carried fewer leaves than earlier in the year.3. In the spring total dry weight increased more rapidly in meadow fescue than in timothy which in turn out-yielded meadow fescue later in the season. Both species attained their greatest dry weight soon after ear emergence, a period which was marked by considerable crop growth and relative growth rates.4. Leaf area index reached a maximum before total dry weight had increased to its highest level, but then declined in both species. Meadow fescue differed from timothy by producing a second crop of foliage after the summer with a leaf area index of about 7. This second rise appeared to be due mainly to increased leaf size in contrast to timothy whose leaves became progressively smaller towards the end of the season.5. The differences in growth between the species discussed with reference to their dates of ear emergence which in this experiment differed by about 6 weeks.

Influence of different organic manures on growth, yield and mineral nutrient accumulation in lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-168
Author(s):  
Shabnur Chowdhury ◽  
MK Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Lactuca Sativa ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Organic Manure ◽  
Leaf Number ◽  
Nutrient Accumulation ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Organic Manures ◽  
Lactuca Sativa L

Effects of organic manures on growth and yield of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) and nutrient accumulation in its leaves was examined. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design (CRD) replicated thrice with ten treatments involving nine organic manures and a control treatment. Growth parameters viz. plant height, leaf number, leaf length, leaf area, leaf area index and fresh and dry weight of leaf, stem and root were assessed. The highest height (23.69 cm), longest leaf (32.18cm), leaf area (5883.43cm2), leaf area index (6.434), fresh weight (85.41 g) and dry weight (42.73 g) were found in Payel organic manure. The maximum leaf number (27) was recorded in Approshika organic manure. The maximum content of nitrogen (6.12%), phosphorus (1.83%), potassium (4.11%) and Sulphur (1.69%) were observed in Payel organic manure. The best growth performance and nutrient accumulation was observed in Payel organic manure. Dhaka Univ. J. Biol. Sci. 30(2): 159-168, 2021 (July)

The effect of planting date and nitrogen management on yield and quality of aromatic rice (Oryza sativa)

2004 ◽  
Vol 142 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. GHOSH ◽  
B. K. MANDAL ◽  
B. B. MANDAL ◽  
S. B. LODH ◽  
A. K. DASH
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Amylose Content ◽  
Aromatic Rice ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Growth Environment ◽  
Yield And Quality

Growth environment and plant nutrition are two important factors influencing growth, yield and quality of aromatic rice (Oryza sativa L.). The present study was conducted at Kalyani, India to determine the effect of two planting dates and four fertilizer levels on different aromatic rice cultivars during the dry seasons of 1995/96 and 1996/97, while nine cultivars were evaluated during the wet seasons of 1996 and 1997. Thermal and photoperiodic conditions significantly influenced the vegetative (leaf area index and light extinction co-efficient) and reproductive (filled spikelets/panicle) growth of the crop. Delayed planting (23 February) significantly reduced the grain yield by 0·88 t/ha, amylose content by 0·5% and duration by 10 days; but increased the summed heliothermal units (17806 v. 18505). Thus, the cultivars became less efficient (27%) in heat use with delay in planting from 2 to 23 February. Relative availability of NH4+-N from urea and Azolla influenced the crop growth (leaf area index [LAI], tiller production and leaf chlorophyll content) and nutrient uptake. Supply of inorganic N either alone or in conjunction with Azolla significantly increased grain yield (18–41%) and protein content (0·1–0·7%) over 15 t/ha of Azolla alone. However, combined application of Azolla and urea lowered the amylose content below that achieved by application of either substance alone. Correlation studies among quality attributes indicated that long-grained varieties had lower head rice recovery (r=−0·69) due to more breakage during milling and greater test weight (r=0·93).

scholarly journals Relationship between Flag Leaf Characteristics and Main Yield Components in Oat (Avena sativa L.)

2019 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 71
Author(s):  
Ionuṭ RACZ ◽  
Rozalia KADAR ◽  
Sorin VȂTCĂ ◽  
Ioana Virginia BERINDEAN ◽  
Adrian CECLAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Chlorophyll Concentration ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Leaf Chlorophyll ◽  
Leaf Chlorophyll Concentration

The objective of this study was to investigate relationships between leaf area index, leaf chlorophyll concentration, yield components and grain yield in oat (Avena sativa L.). Ten oat varieties were analyzed in field conditions regarding those traits. Flag leaf chlorophyll concentration range between 451.51 and 747.79 units of μmol of chlorophyll per m2. Also, leaf area index range between 13.68 to 32.84 cm2. Significant correlation indices were highlighted between yield components and leaf area index, yield/yield components and chlorophyll concentration of flag leaf.

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