Levels of first winter feeding in relation to performance of Cheviot hill ewes

1964 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G Gunn
Keyword(s):  
Live Weight ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Total Treatment ◽  
North And South ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Winter Feeding

1. Over 3 years, different levels of first winter nutrition created the following live-weight differences between groups of North and South Country Cheviot ewe hoggs at 12 months of age. High plane (H.P.) and mid-plane (M.P.) fed groups born 1956 were 34–35% and 11–13% heavier, respectively, than low plane (L.P.) fed groups, H.P. and M.P. fed groups born 1957 were 47–57% and 18–24% heavier, respectively, than hill-wintered groups. Away wintered groups born 1958 were 9–12% heavier than hill-wintered groups. All group differences were highly significant.2. From 12 months onwards all groups were run together on the same hill and received similar management. Live weight and live measurement response of the total treatment groups and of the heavy and light hoggs within the groups prior to treatment were studied over the summer after treatment from 12 to 18 months.

Levels of first winter feeding in relation to performance of Cheviot hill ewes: IV. Body growth and development from 18 months to maturity

1967 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 341-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. Gunn
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Body Growth ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Maturity Level ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
North And South ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
All Treatment

1. The effects of different levels of first winter nutrition over 3 years were studied from 18 months to maturity on the growth and development of groups of North and South Country Cheviot ewe hoggs (sheep between 6 months and 1½ years).2. Differences in live weight amongst treatment groups within breeds and years were not significant at 30 months or any subsequent age. Live weight increase continued up to 54 months. Although leg growth had virtually ceased in all treatment groups by 18 months, body growth continued beyond 27 months and differences between treatments, although not always significant, were still present at that time.3. The effects of first-winter treatment were also studied on the heavy and light hoggs (i.e. those above and below average weight) prior to treatment. Differences in weight and size between treatment groups were less persistent in the heavy animals, disappearing by 30 months, while in the light animals they were still present at that time. Regardless of treatment the within-group differences between heavy and light animals increased up to 54 months, the light animals showing relatively slower rates of gain.4. The difficulty of interpreting data on liveweight change due to age, state of maturity, level of feed, and season interactions is commented on. The probable effects of differential productivity resulting from treatment on growth and development from 18 months onwards are discussed.

Level of feeding during early life and the subsequent reproductive performance of sows

1961 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. Lodge ◽  
R. M. McPherson
Keyword(s):  
Live Weight ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Litter Weight ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Medium Level ◽  
Plane Group ◽  
High Level ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Size At Birth

1. Nine groups of 4 litter-mate Wessex Saddleback gilts were divided on a within-litter basis between 4 treatments so that they were reared from 8 weeks of age to 200 1b. live-weight according to different levels of total feed intake; (a) a high level rising to 8·0 1b. meal per day at 200 1b. live-weight, (b) a medium level approximately 80% of the high, (c) a low level approximately 60% of the high and (d) changing from the low to the medium level between 14 and 16 weeks of age. From 200 1b. live-weight to mating at first heat after reaching 300 1b. all were fed to the medium scale (6·5 1b. meal per day), and all were treated alike during each of 3 pregnancies and lactations.2. Mean rate of growth from weaning to 100 1b. and from 100 to 200 1b. differed significantly between treatments (P<0·001), and mean efficiency of feed conversion of the low-plane group was significantly poorer than that of the high-plane group (P<0·05) from weaning to 100 1b. live-weight.3. All gilts, regardless of treatment, reached puberty at approximately the same age (25 weeks), with the result that mean weight at puberty differed markedly between treatments (P<0·001); 116, 154, 189 and 147 1b. for treatments (a) to (d) respectively.4. Gilts reared on medium and high planes of feeding exhibited oestrus less strongly than those reared on the low-plane, with the result that mean weight at successful mating was significantly greater in these two groups (P<0·05).5. Four gilts in the low-plane group and one in the high-plane group failed to conceive after repeated matings, but numbers were insufficient to indicate the significance of this.6. From the original 36 gilts, 27 first litters, 26 second litters and 25 third litters were produced and reared to 8 weeks of age. There was no significant difference between treatment groups in litter size at birth, mean weight of piglets at 3 or 8 weeks of age or total litter weight at weaning.7. Trouble from temporary collapse of the legs was experienced in all but one gilt of the high-plane group between 6½ and 7½ months of age.

Levels of first winter feeding in relation to performance of Cheviot hill ewes: VI. Life-time production form the hill

1968 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. Gunn
Keyword(s):  
Life Time ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Significant Treatment ◽  
Time Production ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Production Form ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Hill ◽  
North And South ◽  
Different Levels

SUMMARYThe effects of different levels of first-winter nutrition over 3 years were studied on the subsequent life-time production from the hill of groups of North and South Country Cheviot ewe hoggs (sheep between 6 months and 1½12 years).Lamb production was examined in terms of the percentage of lambs born and reared per ewe alive at each lambing and was expressed as a mean of five lamb crops. An overall measure of flock life-time production was calculated from the data on lamb production. This was the total number of lambs weaned at a mean 15 weeks in each treatment group over five lamb crops expressed as the mean per experimental animal alive at 6 months.All productive components were analysed for differences between breeds, treatments, and weight-classes, i.e. those animals above or below average weight at 6 months.There were no significant treatment differences in life-time production, although the treatment groups showed different trends with increasing age. Higher production in early life following higher levels of first-winter nutrition was associated with less efficient later production and poorer ewe survival in a hard hill environment.It is concluded that improvement in first-winter nutrition above that available on the hill is undesirable and uneconomic without equal improvement in adult nutrition.

Levels of first winter feeding in relation to performance of Cheviot hill ewes. I. Body growth and development during treatment period

1964 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. Gunn
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Treatment Period ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Body Growth ◽  
Live Weight Gain ◽  
Maximum Gain ◽  
Low Level ◽  
North And South ◽  
Different Levels

1. Over 3 years, different levels of first winter nutrition were imposed on groups of North and South Country Cheviot ewe hoggs (lambs). In 1956–57, three levels, high, mid and low, were fed indoors. In 1957-58, only two levels, high and mid, were fed indoors, with the low level being represented by hill wintering. In 1958–59, two levels were represented by away wintering and hill wintering.2. Low-plane feeding was designed to simulate average hill wintering, creating a 10% loss in live weight. Mid-plane feeding was designed to maintain live weight at approximately the same level throughout the winter. High-plane feeding was designed to produce a live-weight gain of 15–20% in 1956–57 and the maximum gain possible in 1957–58.

Systems of concentrate allocation for dairy cattle 2. A comparison of two patterns of allocation for autumn-calving cows offered two qualities of grass silage ad libitum

1984 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 325-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Taylor ◽  
J. D. Leaver
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Flat Rate ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Period 2 ◽  
Silage Quality ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Different Levels

ABSTRACTIn a 25-week experiment beginning at week 3 post partum, grass silages of 10·5 (H) and 8·9 (L) MJ metabolizable energy per kg dry matter (DM) were offered ad libitum to two groups of 24 autumn-calving dairy cows. Within each silage-quality group, two patterns of concentrate allocation were compared, a flat-rate (F) and a variable rate (V). All four treatment groups, HF, HV, LF and LV, received on average 1575 kg fresh weight per cow of a concentrate containing 170 g crude protein per kg during the 25 weeks. The cows on treatment F were all individually given 9 kg concentrate per day throughout. Individuals on the V treatments received different levels of concentrate, based initially on their 14-day milk yield and then reduced by 1 kg/day at 10, 15 and 20 weeks. For treatments HF, HV, LF and LV respectively, mean adjusted daily milk yields were, 24·4, 24·1, 21·6 and 22·1 kg; intakes of silage DM, 9·1, 8·7, 7·6 and 7·6 kg/day, and live-weight gains, 0·39, 0·31, 0·28 and 0·22 kg/day. The effects of silage quality were significant in each case, but the effects of pattern of concentrate allocation were not. Cows given the H silage produced milk with significantly greater lactose and solids-not-fat concentrations. During the residual period (2 weeks indoors and 14 weeks grazing) no significant differences in milk yield were observed. The 305-day yields of 6215, 6096, 5786 and 5824 kg for treatments HF, HV, LF and LV respectively, reflected the differences obtained during the indoor feeding period.

scholarly journals Effect of different levels of dietary energy on growth and carcass traits of Black Bengal goat

2014 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
ME Kabir ◽  
MB Sarker ◽  
BK Saha ◽  
MAMY Khandoker ◽  
M Moniruzzaman
Keyword(s):  
Energy Levels ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Dietary Energy ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Dressing Percentage ◽  
Gut Fill ◽  
Black Bengal Goat ◽  
Different Levels

The present study was aimed to know the effect of dietary energy levels on growth and carcass characteristics in Black Bengal goats. Nine female Black Bengal goats were divided into three groups having three goats in each group. Three iso-nitrogenous diets containing three levels of metabolizable energy (9.17, 10.40 and 11.63 MJ/kg DM) were randomly assigned to three groups. Goats were stall fed and slaughtered after 150 days of trial. Results showed that live weight gain was higher (28.3 ± 1.7 g/day) in high energy fed goats than others. There were no significant differences on total and daily average dry matter intake in different groups of goats. Body length was significantly higher in high energy fed group than others. Carcass weight and dressing percentage were also higher (p<0.05) in high energy fed goats. Caul fat and gut fill weight differed significantly (p<0.05) among the treatment groups, and higher caul fat and lower gut fill were obtained in high energy fed goats than others. In conclusion, high energy diet enhanced the growth, dressing percentage and carcass gain of female goats.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjas.v43i2.20719 Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2014. 43 (2): 159-165 

The effects of level of feeding during rearing and early pregnancy upon reproduction in young female sheep

1982 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Hamra ◽  
M. J. Bryant
Keyword(s):  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Young Female ◽  
Equal Treatment ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Pregnant Sheep ◽  
Multiple Cycles ◽  
Female Sheep ◽  
Different Levels

ABSTRACTTwo hundred and forty Suffolk × (Cadzow Improver × Scottish Blackface) female sheep were housed at 4 months of age and average live weight (± s.d.) of 30·6 ± 501 kg, and divided into four equal treatment groups: HH, HL, LH and LL. They were group-fed such that HH and HL sheep were 39·7 ± 5·27 kg, and LH and LL were 35·6 ± 4·64 kg, at puberty, which was recorded in all sheep. There were no differences in average date at puberty.After puberty the sheep were gradually transferred to different levels of feeding by the time of mating with fertile rams at the second oestrus such that HH and LH were group-fed 1·50, and HL and LL 0·75 of maintenance requirement. The sheep were slaughtered at return or 25 ± 3 days after mating.The proportion of sheep with live embryos was 0·48,0·40,0·50 and 0·41 for HH, HL, LH and LL groups respectively (NS). Ova wastage was 0·59, 0·68, 0·51 and 0·59 for the treatments, with statistically significant differences in losses between treatments in sheep with two corpora lutea (P<0·05). Ovulation rate also differed between treatments (HH > HL, P < 0·01; HH > LH and LL, P < 0·05). Differences occurred between treatments in the proportion of multiple cycles between first and second oestrus (P<0·05), and HL sheep had a greater proportion of sheep failing to return to service but without embryos (HH>HL, P<0·05). The pooled results showed that pregnant sheep were heavier at 4 months of age (P < 0·05), but not at mating, than non-pregnant sheep. Sheep with two corpora lutea were more likely to be pregnant than sheep with one corpus luteum (P < 0·05).

The effect of different levels of nutrition during late pregnancy on the subsequent milk production of Blackface ewes and on the growth of their lambs

1967 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 365-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. N. Peart
Keyword(s):  
Blood Plasma ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Plasma Ffa ◽  
Pelleted Food ◽  
Lamb Growth ◽  
Different Levels

1. Using blood plasma FFA and ketone values to assess the nutritional state of individual ewes, high (H), medium (M) and low (L) planes of nutrition were imposed on 3 groups of Blackface ewes during pregnancy. By this method, ewes bearing single or twin foetuses were equally well or severely undernourished within treatment groups. The effects of these planes of nutrition during pregnancy have been assessed in terms of milk production, lamb growth, and live-weight changes by the ewes duriug their subsequent lactation. Immediately after parturition all ewes were individually fed a pelleted food ad lib. and their voluntary food intakes recorded. From 5 weeks of age individual voluntary intakes of solid food by the lambs were also recorded. Because of insufficient pen accommodation group-M ewes and lambs were discarded after 5 weeks of lactation.

scholarly journals Effect of different levels of concentrate supplementation on the performance of Black Bengal goat

2012 ◽  
Vol 40 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 40-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
MR Ferdous ◽  
MJ Khan ◽  
MA Rashid ◽  
M Kamruzzaman
Keyword(s):  
Live Weight ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Nutrient Requirements ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Concentrate Supplementation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group A ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Black Bengal Goat ◽  
Different Levels

Fifteen castrated male goats (12.97±1.46 Kg) aged between 12 and 13 months were used to study the effect of different levels of concentrate supplementation on growth performance and nutrient digestibility in Black Bengal goat under stall feeding. The feeding trial was continued for a period of 75 days where goats were supplied at the rate of 158g DM/kgW.75 /day. The animals were assigned into five dietary treatments: A (Only dal grass as sole feed), B (15% DM from concentrate + 85% DM from dal grass), C (20% DM from concentrate +80% DM from dal grass), D (25% DM from concentrate + 75% DM from dal grass), E (30% DM from concentrate + 70% DM from dal grass). Digestibility of all nutrients was gradually higher (P<0.01) from A to E. Total live weight gain of goats of group A was statistically lowest (P<0.01) than those of other groups. There was also significant difference (P<0.01) among the treatment groups E, D, C and B. Live weight was gradually increase due to gradual increase of concentrate from B to E. Nitrogen balance, carcass yield and net profit of treatment group E was highest (P<0.01) then D, C and B than A. Green grass do not fulfill the appetite and nutrient requirements as a sole feed. Concentrate supplementation is undoubtedly essential to fulfill the nutrient requirements and concentrate can be supplemented upto 30% of required DM to obtain the best result.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjas.v40i1-2.10789Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2011. 40 (1-2): 40-45

scholarly journals GROWTH RESPONSE OF YANKASA SHEEP TO DIFFERENT LEVELS OF CONCENTRATE SUPPLEMENTATION

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 19-22
Author(s):  
C. U. OSUHOR ◽  
I. F. ADU ◽  
N. N. UMUNNA
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Concentrate Supplementation ◽  
Concentrate Mixture ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Different Levels

In a study that lasted for 120 days, 20 weaned Yankasa ram lambs aged 6 months and weighing between 10.5 and 14.5kg with an average of 12.75kg were offered a basal Digitaria smutsii hay diet at 2% of body weight. This was supplemented with a concentrate mixture made to supply 14.6% crude protein and 2.6 Mcal ME per kg and offered to treatment groups A, B, C and D at 1, 2, 3, and 4% of body weight respectively. There were five replicates and the animals were fed individually. Results indicated that the differences in Average Daily Gain was significant (P<0.05) between all the treatments; the value increased with increased level of feeding. The cost of effecting one unit of live weight increase was not significantly different (P<0.05) between treatments, A, B, and C, but it was significantly lower (P<0.05) than for treatment D. The low growth response of lambs fed the concentrate at 1% of body weight and the higher cost per unit gain of lambs offered the supplement at 4% of body weight suggested that concentrate supplementation at 2 and 3% of body weight was adequate for optimum liveweight gains in the Yankasa sheep breed. 

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