Carbohydrate digestibility and nitrogen metabolism in sheep fed untreated or sulphur dioxide-treated wheat straw and poultry litter

1990 ◽  
Vol 114 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Miron ◽  
R. Solomon ◽  
E. Yosef ◽  
D. Ben-Ghedalia
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Nitrogen Metabolism ◽  
Butyric Acid ◽  
Sulphur Dioxide ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acid ◽  
Poultry Litter ◽  
Ammonia Concentration ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Carbohydrate Digestibility

SUMMARYDigestibility of neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and monosaccharide components of diets containing 60% untreated straw (UTS) or straw treated with sulphur dioxide (TS) and poultrylitter (1:1) plus 40% concentrate at 700 g/day intake was examined in sheep equipped with rumen and duodenal cannulas. An all-concentrate diet (CD) served as a reference ration. The SO2 treatment of straw increased the apparent digestibility of the NDF, glucose, xylose, arabinose and galactose components of the diet from 58·9, 86·7, 55·7, 82·5 and 91·8%, respectively, in the UTS diet to 73·8, 92·6, 77·8, 88·9 and 94·6%, respectively, in the TS diet. Whereas digestion of NDF and glucose in sheep on the TS diet was slightly lower than in those on the CD diet, digestion of xylose, arabinose and galactose was higher. Thus, the digestibility of total monosaccharides in th TS diet was 90·2 % and that of the CD diet only 61% units higher. The SO2 treatment also increased the total rumen volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentration and the proportion of butyric acid in the total VFA compared with the UTS diet.Rumen ammonia concentration was 7 mg/100 ml lower and nonammonia nitrogen (NAN) flowto the duodenum was 1·3 g/day higher in sheep fed the TS diet compared with the CD diet. The quantity of duodenal N absorbed in the intestine was 10·7 g/day in the TS diet, close to the value of 11·6 g/day found with the CD diet.The similarity between the TS and CD diets in total monosaccharides digestion and duodenal Nabsorption, confirms the findings of earlier studies that a TS diet is a highly productive ration.Complementary interaction between the SO2-treated straw and poultry litter components of the TS diet is discussed.

The effects of dietary oil inclusion and oil source on apparent digestibility, faecal volatile fatty acid concentration and manure ammonia emission

2004 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. B. G. Leek ◽  
V. E. Beattie ◽  
J. V. O’Doherty
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acid ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
N Balance ◽  
Ammonia Emission ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acid Concentration ◽  
Oil Source ◽  
Dietary Oil

AbstractAn investigation was conducted to test the hypothesis that dietary oil inclusion increases ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) emission from the manure, due to a negative effect of either unsaturated or saturated oil on microbial activity in the intestine. Dietary oil was included at 45 g/kg, as either crude palm oil (PO), soya oil (SO) or a 50: 50 SO: PO blend (OB), to a basal barley-soya-wheat diet (control) at the expense of dextrose and maize starch. Diets were formulated to contain 13·2 MJ digestible energy per kg and 11·0 g/kg lysine. Four boars were assigned to each dietary treatment, and were transferred to metabolism crates (mean live weight, 74·0 (± 2·89) kg) following 14 days dietary acclimatization. Urine and faeces were collected separately over a 5-day digestibility/nitrogen (N) balance period and a 2-day manure collection period. Inclusion of dietary oil increased apparent digestibility of oil (P < 0·01) and decreased the apparent digestibility of dry matter (P < 0·01) and gross energy (P < 0·05). Dietary oil did not affect the apparent digestibility of nitrogen, acid-detergent fibre, neutral-detergent fibre or hemicellulose. Apparent digestibility of oil was lower when oil was included as PO compared with SO and OB (P < 0·001). The concentration of faecal volatile fatty acid (VFA) was similar in all treatments, although the acetic: propionic acid ratio was lower when oil was included as PO and OB compared with SO (P < 0·05). N balance, manure N concentration and NH3-N emission was not affected by oil inclusion or oil source. In conclusion, dietary oil inclusion reduced apparent dry matter and energy digestibilities, although no effect on fermentation was indicated by digestibility of fibre or faecal VFA content. Consequently, ammonia emission was not affected by dietary oil included at 45 g/kg.

Identification of the volatile fatty acid in the peripheral blood and rumen of cattle and the blood of other species

1951 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 92 ◽  
Author(s):  
GL McClymont
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Propionic Acid ◽  
Butyric Acid ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Molecular Basis ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acid ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Bovine Blood ◽  
Mean Values

Volatile fatty acid isolated from nine samples of peripheral blood from four cows contained, on a molecular basis, from 90.0 to 97.0 per cent. of acetic acid (mean 93.3 per cent.). The remainder comprised, as mean values, propionic acid, 2.39 per cent.; butyric acid, 2.61 per cent.; and a group of at least three acids between butyric and octanoic, 1.84 per cent. The significance of the high proportion of acetic acid in the volatile fatty acid of bovine peripheral blood is discussed. Only traces of esterified acids lower than octanoic could be found in bovine blood lipides. Volatile fatty acids were found also in the blood of the rabbit, guinea pig, horse, and pig and in human plasma. Here again a high proportion of acetic acid was recorded. Volatile fatty acid isolated from nine samples of ruminal contents from two cows contained on a molecular basis from 52.3 to 69.0 per cent. of acetic acid (mean 60.0 per cent.). The remainder comprised, as mean values, propionic acid, 21.8 per cent.; butyric acid, 14.4 per cent.; and acids higher than butyric (apparently largely valeric and hesanoic), 3.8 per cent. This limited number of analyses indicated no gross effect of type of feed on the proportion of the acids in the rumen.

A note on the nutritive value ofUlva lactucafor ruminants

1993 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 329-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Arieli ◽  
D. Sklan ◽  
G. Kissil
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Concentration ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acid ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Ammonia Concentration ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
High Nitrogen ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acid Concentration ◽  
Ram Lambs

An experiment was designed to test the value of Ulva lactuca, produced from an integrated mariculture project, using six Finn-Merino crossbred ram lambs. Diets consisted of concentrate with vetch hay for the control, with additional Ulva for the treatment diet. Measurements of digestibility of energy, volatile fatty acid concentration in the rumen fluid, effective degradability of nitrogen in the rumen, rumen ammonia concentration and excretion of nitrogen in urine all indicated that Ulva could be categorized as a low-energy high-nitrogen foodstuff.

EFFECTS OF VOLATILE FATTY ACID TREATMENT ON THE PROTECTION OF PROTEIN IN THE RUMEN

1974 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 393-401 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. S. ATWAL ◽  
L. P. MILLIGAN ◽  
B. A. YOUNG
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Microbial Degradation ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acid ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Ammonia Concentration ◽  
Protein Supplement ◽  
Size Of Particles ◽  
Supplemental Protein ◽  
Lower Digestive Tract

The increase of ammonia in rumen fluid in response to a single dose of protein supplement was used to assess microbial degradation of proteins in the rumen of sheep and cattle held without feed for about 16 h. The administration of 300 g of soybean meal and promine (50:50) pellets (9.4-mm diam) via the rumen fistula of sheep resulted in a rectilinear increase in ammonia concentration in rumen fluid over a 5-h period. The rates of increase of rumen ammonia from isonitrogenous amounts of untreated and 20% volatile fatty acid (VFA)-treated protein pellets were 9.4 and 1.5 mM/h, respectively. The decrease in the rate of protein degradation was proportional to the amount of VFA incorporated and the size of particles in the supplement. When a protein supplement containing common feed ingredients (soybean meal, herring meal and ground barley) was treated with 15% VFA and fed in meal form or as pellets to sheep and cows, the rumen ammonia was maintained for about 10 h at a lower concentration than that after feeding untreated preparations. Treatment of proteins with VFA may be useful in protecting proteins from microbial degradation in the rumen and allowing provision of supplemental protein to the lower digestive tract.

scholarly journals Volatile Fatty Acid, Metabolic By-Product of Periodontopathic Bacteria, Induces Apoptosis in WEHI 231 and RAJI B Lymphoma Cells and Splenic B Cells

1998 ◽  
Vol 66 (6) ◽  
pp. 2587-2594 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomoko Kurita-Ochiai ◽  
Kuniyasu Ochiai ◽  
Kazuo Fukushima
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
B Cells ◽  
Dna Fragmentation ◽  
Butyric Acid ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acid ◽  
Chromatin Condensation ◽  
Raji Cells ◽  
Periodontopathic Bacteria ◽  
Wehi 231 ◽  
Induced Apoptosis

ABSTRACT The ability of butyric acid, an extracellular metabolite from periodontopathic bacteria, to induce apoptosis in murine WEHI 231 cells, splenic B cells, and human RAJI cells was examined. The culture filtrate of Porphyromonas gingivalis,Prevotella loescheii, and Fusobacterium nucleatum, which contains high a percentage of butyric acid, induced DNA fragmentation in WEHI 231 cells. Volatile fatty acid, especially butyric acid, significantly suppressed B-cell viability in a concentration-dependent fashion. The DNA fragmentation assay indicated that butyric acid rapidly induced apoptosis in WEHI 231 cells (with 1.25 mM butyric acid and 6 h after treatment), splenic B cells (with 1.25 mM butyric acid), and RAJI cells (with 2.5 mM butyric acid). Incubation of WEHI 231 cells with butyric acid for 16 h resulted in the typical ladder pattern of DNA fragmentation and the apoptoic change such as chromatin condensation and hypodiploid nuclei. Cell cycle analysis implied that butyric acid arrested the cells at the G1 phase. The inhibitory assay suggested that butyric acid-induced apoptosis of WEHI 231 and splenic B cells was inhibited by W-7, a calmodulin inhibitor. These results suggest that calmodulin-dependent regulation is involved in the signal transduction pathway of butyric acid.

scholarly journals Bio-Valorization of Physical and Chemical Pretreated Switchgrass on Volatile Fatty Acid Production

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sakthivel U ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Butyric Acid ◽  
Acid Production ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acid ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Organosolv Pretreatment ◽  
Fatty Acid Production ◽  
Renewable Biomass ◽  
Physical And Chemical

The suitability of biomass system depends on products recovery from the waste. Switchgrass was the most renewable biomass sources and selected as feedstock for the volatile fatty acid production from anaerobic digestion. The five kinds of pretreatments involving physical and chemical treatment such as thermal, hot water, acid, alkaline and organosolv pretreatment were investigated. This study explored the characteristics of Volatile Fatty Acid (VFA) production from pretreated switchgrass compared with raw biomass. The major VFA compounds are acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, iso-butyric acid and iso-valeric acid and hexanoic acid produced during digestion. The result showed that acetic acid concentration yields higher with other compounds of VFA.

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