Efficacy of pest control strategies in Louisiana sugar cane: a preliminary survey

1987 ◽  
Vol 108 (3) ◽  
pp. 661-665 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. O. Ogunwolu ◽  
T. E. Reagan ◽  
K. E. Damann
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Cane ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Cane Yield ◽  
Resistant Variety ◽  
Survey Period ◽  
Ratoon Crop ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Bayou Lafourche ◽  
Moderately Resistant

SummaryAlthough the first or second clonal cuttings of heat-treated sugar cane were widely used for seed, differences were not detected among crop years or locations in the incidence of ratoon stunting disease. Sugar-cane mosaic virus (SCMV) disease was widespread in all areas surveyed; however, the plant cane crop had a lower incidence of SCMV than the first or the second ratoon crop. The estimated cane yield was increased approximately 19·4 t/ha by heat treatment during the 2-year survey period.The management system used to control the sugar-cane borer (SCB), Diatraea saccharalis (F.), was effective regardless of the crop year or area surveyed. Season-long SCB control was achieved by the use of two (1981) or three (1982) properly timed applications of insecticide and the use of a SCB moderately resistant variety resulting in an average of 6–9% bored sugar-cane internodes.Poor weed management, particularly with johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense(L.) Pers.), accounted for much of the reduction in cane yield (P < 0·01); the estimated yields of the second ratoon crop were substantially altered, particularly those of farms surveyed in the Bayou Lafourche area.

scholarly journals Prediction of Ratoon Sugarcane Family Yield and Selection Using Remote Imagery

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1273
Author(s):  
James Todd ◽  
Richard Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Regression Model ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Color Space ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Model ◽  
Cane Yield ◽  
Unmanned Aerial Systems ◽  
Family Selection ◽  
Ratoon Crop ◽  
Color Indices

Remote sensing techniques and the use of Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) have simplified the estimation of yield and plant health in many crops. Family selection in sugarcane breeding programs relies on weighed plots at harvest, which is a labor-intensive process. In this study, we utilized UAS-based remote sensing imagery of plant-cane and first ratoon crops to estimate family yields for a second ratoon crop. Multiple families from the commercial breeding program were planted in a randomized complete block design by family. Standard red, green, and blue imagery was acquired with a commercially available UAS equipped with a Red–Green–Blue (RGB) camera. Color indices using the CIELab color space model were estimated from the imagery for each plot. The cane was mechanically harvested with a sugarcane combine harvester and plot weights were obtained (kg) with a field wagon equipped with load cells. Stepwise regression, correlations, and variance inflation factors were used to identify the best multiple linear regression model to estimate the second ratoon cane yield (kg). A multiple regression model, which included family, and five different color indices produced a significant R2 of 0.88. This indicates that it is possible to make family selection predictions of cane weight without collecting plot weights. The adoption of this technology has the potential to decrease labor requirements and increase breeding efficiency.

scholarly journals Resistance Response of Maize Germplasm to Downy Mildew [Peronosclerospora philipinensis]

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 43
Author(s):  
Syahrir Pakki ◽  
Mappaganggang Mappaganggang
Keyword(s):  
Downy Mildew ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Susceptible Variety ◽  
Resistant Variety ◽  
Average Intensity ◽  
Standard Score ◽  
Resistance Response ◽  
Maize Germplasm ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Moderately Resistant

<p>Two experiments to study responses of resistance of maize germplasm to downy mildew (Peronosclerospora philipinensis) have been conducted. Both experiments were arranged in randomized block design with two replication. The treatments in each experiment (2014 and 2016) were 70 maize accessions. The accessions were planted in planting distant of 75 cm × 20 cm, in 5 m rows, resulting in 20 plants per row. In every 10 rows, two check varieties were planted, i.e. one susceptible and one resistant variety. Ten days prior to planting, the soil was fertilized with mixed fertilizers consisted of urea, ZA, SP36, and KCl at a dose of 100, 100, 100, and 100 kg/ha, respectively. Fertilization II and III was given at 30 days after planting, and 45 days after planting with a dose of 100 kg urea/ha. As a source of inoculum downy mildew, around the repeated plot was planted with varieties Anoman variety (susceptible variety) that was inoculated with a suspension of downy mildew pathogen. Observation was conducted at 25, 35, and 55 days after planting, with the standard score of resistant to downy mildew, followed: 0–10% = resistant, 11–25% = moderately resistant, 26–50% = moderately susceptible, &gt;50% = susceptible. The result of the experiments showed that there were 5 accessions resistant to downy mildew (P. philipinensis), i.e. CML 440×MR4-9-30-3, 664, 60, 572, and 554 with the intensity of downy mildew infection ranged from 5 to 10%. Twelve other accessions were classified as moderately resistant, i.e. CML 440×MR4-9-98-2, 440×MR4-9-98-4 CML, CML 440×MR4-9-124-1, 66, 71, 319, 108, 73, 48, 105, 554, and 682 with intensity of infection ranged from 13 to 25%. At the same experiments, the average intensity of downy mildew infection on susceptible check varieties reached 100 percent.</p>

scholarly journals Influencing Factors and Control Strategies of Heat Treatment Deformation of Metal Materials

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiang Li ◽  
Yutao Wang
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Influencing Factors ◽  
Thermal Processing ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Mechanical Parts ◽  
Performance Requirements ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Metal Materials ◽  
And Control

In the thermal processing of metal materials, the performance of thematerial is more stable, and the heat-treated materials are processed into parts to make the performance more excellent and more in line with the performance requirements of mechanical parts. However, in thermal processing, metal materials are prone to problems, such as deformation, deformation of the appearance of metal materials, and fatal effects on the processing of mechanical parts. Therefore, this paper focuses on solving the causes of deformation in the thermal processing of metal materials, as well as solutions to improve the problems in the processing of metal materials.

scholarly journals Biovar Differentiation and Variation in Virulence of Ralstonia solanacearum Isolates Infecting Solanaceous Vegetables

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 22-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ram Devi Timila ◽  
Shrinkhala Manandhar
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Wilt ◽  
Ralstonia Solanacearum ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Virulent Strain ◽  
Solanum Melongena ◽  
Susceptible Variety ◽  
Resistant Variety ◽  
Slight Variation ◽  
Solanaceae Family ◽  
Moderately Resistant

Bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum E.F. Smith is one of the destructive diseases of solanaceous vegetables specially tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) and eggplant (Solanum melongena L.). Experiments were conducted to determine biovar types existing among the strains or isolates of Nepal and variation in virulence in some vegetables belonging to solanaceae family. A total of 39 isolates infecting tomato, eggplant, chilli and potato collected from different parts of Nepal were analyzed for biovar types on the basis of 3 disaccharides and 3 hexose alcohols oxidation test.  Experiments were conducted to determine variation in virulence or aggressiveness of some of the  isolates under  screen house conditions using three host differentials such as Pusa Ruby (susceptible), Bishesh (moderately resistant) and Srijana (resistant) tomato cultivars. Of the 39 isolates, 23 were biovar III, three biovar II, three biovar IV, and one was biovar I. Nine isolates could not be differentiated into any of the five biovars. For breeding and epidemiological purposes it is very important to analyze the variability of aggressiveness. A total of 5 isolates collected from different places were included in the test. Isolates from Bhaktapur was found the most virulent causing wilt in the variety Bishesh (moderately resistant). Other isolates had the negative impact with zero wilt on the differentials used. Isolates from Jungekhola of Dhading district did not induce wilt even on susceptible variety (Pusa Ruby), but exhibited only senescence reaction. The result indicated that there is some slight variation among the isolates tested. Some effective management tactics might be needed in those locations where highly aggressive or virulent strain of bacterial wilt is prevalent, because resistant variety may not be stable in such locations.

scholarly journals Production Potential and Soil Fertility Status of Ratoon Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) as Influenced by Time and Level of Earthing Up and Nitrogen Levels in North-Eastern Uttar Pradesh, India

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 143 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. M. Dev ◽  
R. K. Singh ◽  
R. N. Meena ◽  
Ashok Kumar ◽  
Kanchan Singh
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Saccharum Officinarum ◽  
Cane Yield ◽  
K Uptake ◽  
Ratoon Crop ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Fertility Status ◽  
Ratoon Sugarcane

<p>A field experiment was carried out during the spring seasons of 2008-09 and 2009-10 at Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh to find out exact time of earthing up with level of earthing up and optimum doses of nitrogen for getting higher productivity, monetary returns, and changes in the fertility status of soils after harvest of ratoon sugarcane (<em>Saccharum officinarum</em> L.). Twentieth fifth April earthed crop produced significantly more height of tillers, leaf area index at maximum tillering stage, grand growth stage and at harvest, dry matter/tiller at maximum tillering stage at grand growth stage and at harvest, cane length, cane diameter of top, middle and bottom, weight of cane, cane yield, monetary returns, B/C ratio, N, P and K uptake except number of tillers/ha, number of millable cane/ha and net available soil nutrient after the harvest of ratoon crops as compared to 25<sup>th</sup> May and 25<sup>th</sup> June respectively. Twentieth cm height of earthing up from the ridge also significantly increased all the above parameters such as height of tillers, LAI of maximum tillering stage, grand growth stage and harvest, dry matter/tiller at maximum tillering stage, grand growth stage and at harvest, cane length, weight of cane and cane yield than that of 10 cm earthed crop in both the ratoon crops. Application of 210 kg N/ha linearly and significantly increased number of tillers/ha at 60 and 120 days after ratooning, height of tillers at 120 days after ratooning, LAI at maximum tillering stage, grand growth stage, and at harvest, dry matter/tiller at maximum tillering stage, grand growth stage and at harvest, number of millable cane, cane length, cane weight, cane yield, monetary returns, B/C ratio and N, P, K uptake followed by 180 kg N/ha. Ratoon crop showed that there was a build up of nitrogen and phosphorous but depletion in potassium content of the soil. 210 kg N/ha with earlier earthed at 25<sup>th</sup> April to a level of 20 cm was found optimum for obtaining higher yields and monetary returns.</p>

scholarly journals Evaluation of POST-Harvest Herbicide Applications for Seed Prevention of Glyphosate-Resistant Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri)

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 405-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Whitney D. Crow ◽  
Lawrence E. Steckel ◽  
Robert M. Hayes ◽  
Thomas C. Mueller
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Palmer Amaranth ◽  
Amaranthus Palmeri ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Soil Seedbank ◽  
Residual Herbicide

Recent increases in the prevalence of glyphosate-resistant (GR) Palmer amaranth mandate that new control strategies be developed to optimize weed control and crop performance. A field study was conducted in 2012 and 2013 in Jackson, TN, and in 2013 in Knoxville, TN, to evaluate POST weed management programs applied after harvest (POST-harvest) for prevention of seed production from GR Palmer amaranth and to evaluate herbicide carryover to winter wheat. Treatments were applied POST-harvest to corn stubble, with three applications followed by a PRE herbicide applied at wheat planting. Paraquat alone or mixed withS-metolachlor controlled 91% of existing Palmer amaranth 14 d after treatment but did not control regrowth. Paraquat tank-mixed with a residual herbicide of metribuzin, pyroxasulfone, saflufenacil, flumioxazin, pyroxasulfone plus flumioxazin, or pyroxasulfone plus fluthiacet improved control of regrowth or new emergence compared with paraquat alone. All residual herbicide treatments provided similar GR Palmer amaranth control. Through implementation of POST-harvest herbicide applications, the addition of 1,200 seed m−2or approximately 12 million seed ha−1to the soil seedbank was prevented. Overall, the addition of a residual herbicide provided only 4 to 7% more GR Palmer amaranth control than paraquat alone. Wheat injury was evident (< 10%) in 2012 from the PRE applications, but not in 2013. Wheat grain yield was not adversely affected by any herbicide application.

FUNGI ASSOCIATED WITH LEAF SPOTS OF SUGAR CANE (Saccharum officinarum L)

2020 ◽  
pp. 7-21
Author(s):  
APPALA KONDA PANCHADARLA ◽  
A.Venkata Ramana Reddy ◽  
Katta Rama Chandra Reddy ◽  
V. Govardhana Naidu
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Cane ◽  
Andhra Pradesh ◽  
Saccharum Officinarum ◽  
Ratoon Crop ◽  
Linear Lesions ◽  
Leaf Spots ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Plant Crop

Survey for fungi associated with leaf spots of sugarcane in Chittoor and Nellore districts of Andhra Pradesh during 1986-87 revealed that 26 species of fungi belonging to 10 genera were found associated with leaf spots of sugarcane. The leaf spots found were minor ones and their incidence was meagre ranging from 1 to 3 per cent in both the districts. In common, the incidence was more in ratoon crop and also in the plant crop aged more than 6 months. The different types of minor leaf spots found on sugar­cane in the 2 districts of Chittoor and Nellore were des­cribed as : Spindle-shaped spots; dark brown linear blotches; reddish brown spindles; reddish brown lesions; Phyllachora leaf stripes; dark brown elongated lesions; dark purple streaks; dark purple midrib streaks; dark red linear lesions and dark red midribs. The morphology and taxonomy of the fungi isolated from the leaf spots were studied and the fungi were identified as belonging to 26 species classifiable into 10 genera

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