The recovery of recombinant inbreds outyielding the hybrid in tomato

Publications commenting on the possibility of fixing heterosis and the possibility to transgress heterosis through partition of crop yield into genetic components have prompted us to reconsider our views on the relative importance of hybrid versus inbred vigour. The three genetic components of crop yield, all assessed in the absence of competition, are: (1) yield per plant assessed by the progeny mean, (2) tolerance to stresses assessed by the progeny standardized mean, and (3) responsiveness to inputs assessed by the progeny standardized selection differential. Although fixation of heterosis using the top commercial tomato hybrids was based only on the first genetic component of crop yield and quality, inbreds outyielding the original hybrid were obtained relatively easily. The results indicated that selection for homozygote superiority on the basis of the three genetic components of crop yield and quality, would lead to the development of tomato inbreds outperforming the hybrids.

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Sorghum mitigates climate variability and change on crop yield and quality

Planta ◽

10.1007/s00425-021-03631-2 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 253 (5) ◽

Author(s):

Keerthi Chadalavada ◽

B. D. Ranjitha Kumari ◽

T. Senthil Kumar

Keyword(s):

Climate Variability ◽

Crop Yield ◽

Climate Variability And Change ◽

Yield And Quality

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Evaluation of Harvest-Aid Herbicides as Desiccants in Lentil Production

Weed Technology ◽

10.1614/wt-d-16-00007.1 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 30 (3) ◽

pp. 629-638 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Ti Zhang ◽

Eric N. Johnson ◽

Christian J. Willenborg

Keyword(s):

Adverse Effects ◽

Crop Yield ◽

Seed Yield ◽

Yield Loss ◽

Field Trials ◽

Growth Stages ◽

Yield And Quality ◽

Seed Field ◽

Dry Down ◽

General Reduction

Desiccants are currently used to improve lentil dry-down prior to harvest. Applying desiccants at growth stages prior to maturity may result in reduced crop yield and quality, and leave unacceptable herbicide residues in seeds. There is little information on whether various herbicides applied alone or as a tank-mix with glyphosate have an effect on glyphosate residues in harvested seed. Field trials were conducted at Saskatoon and Scott, Saskatchewan, Canada, from 2012 to 2014 to determine whether additional desiccants applied alone or tank mixed with glyphosate improve crop desiccation and reduce the potential for unacceptable glyphosate residue in seed. Glufosinate and diquat tank mixed with glyphosate were the most consistent desiccants, providing optimal crop dry-down and a general reduction in glyphosate seed residues without adverse effects on seed yield and weight. Saflufenacil provided good crop desiccation without yield loss, but failed to reduce glyphosate seed residues consistently. Pyraflufen-ethyl and flumioxazin applied alone or tank mixed with glyphosate were found to be inferior options for growers as they exhibited slow and incomplete crop desiccation, and did not decrease glyphosate seed residues. Based on results from this study, growers should apply glufosinate or diquat with preharvest glyphosate to maximize crop and weed desiccation, and minimize glyphosate seed residues.

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Sweetpotato Tolerance to Halosulfuron Applied Postemergence

Weed Technology ◽

10.1614/wt-060178.1 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 21 (4) ◽

pp. 993-996 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Andrew W. MacRae ◽

David W. Monks ◽

Roger B. Batts ◽

Allan C. Thorton ◽

Jonathan R. Schultheis

Keyword(s):

Weed Control ◽

Crop Yield ◽

Total Yield ◽

Application Timing ◽

Yield And Quality ◽

Total Crop

Studies were conducted in 2003 and 2004 to determine the effect of application timing and halosulfuron rate on sweetpotato yield and quality. Halosulfuron was applied 1, 2, and 4 wks after transplanting (WAP) sweetpotato in 2003, and 2, 3, and 4 WAP in 2004. Treatments within each timing included halosulfuron at 13, 26, 39, 52, and 65 g ai/ha plus a weed-free control. Combined over year, site, cultivar and rate, halosulfuron applied at 1, 2, 3, and 4 WAP stunted sweetpotato 32, 15, 11, and 14%, respectively, rated 2 wks after treatment. The stunting observed with the 1 and 2 WAP timings caused a 17 and 10% reduction in yield of No. 1 roots, respectively, compared with the weed-free control. The 3 and 4 WAP timings of halosulfuron did not reduce yield of No. 1 roots. Total yield was reduced approximately 11% at the 1, 2, and 3 WAP application timings. Halosulfuron at 4 WAP did not reduce total yield. Combined over year, site, and cultivar, halosulfuron applied at 39 g/ha did not reduce the weight of No. 1 roots or total crop yield and thus could be an effective POST option for weed control in sweetpotato.

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Application of all relevant feature selection for failure analysis of parameter-induced simulation crashes in climate models

Geoscientific Model Development Discussions ◽

10.5194/gmdd-8-5419-2015 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 8 (7) ◽

pp. 5419-5435 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

W. Paja ◽

M. Wrzesie&nacute; ◽

R. Niemiec ◽

W. R. Rudnicki

Keyword(s):

Machine Learning ◽

Feature Selection ◽

Climate Models ◽

Original Study ◽

Relative Importance ◽

Relevant Feature ◽

Machine Learning Methods ◽

Selection For ◽

Robust Prediction ◽

Physical Components

Abstract. The climate models are extremely complex pieces of software. They reflect best knowledge on physical components of the climate, nevertheless, they contain several parameters, which are too weakly constrained by observations, and can potentially lead to a crash of simulation. Recently a study by Lucas et al. (2013) has shown that machine learning methods can be used for predicting which combinations of parameters can lead to crash of simulation, and hence which processes described by these parameters need refined analyses. In the current study we reanalyse the dataset used in this research using different methodology. We confirm the main conclusion of the original study concerning suitability of machine learning for prediction of crashes. We show, that only three of the eight parameters indicated in the original study as relevant for prediction of the crash are indeed strongly relevant, three other are relevant but redundant, and two are not relevant at all. We also show that the variance due to split of data between training and validation sets has large influence both on accuracy of predictions and relative importance of variables, hence only cross-validated approach can deliver robust prediction of performance and relevance of variables.

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Direct and indirect losses determining the harmfulness of mushrooms p. Fusarium – fusariosis causes wheat speak and grain

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus Agrarian Series ◽

10.29235/1817-7204-2020-58-1-55-67 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 58 (1) ◽

pp. 55-67

Author(s):

Yu. K. Shashko ◽

A. L. Dolgova ◽

M. N. Shashko

Keyword(s):

Crop Yield ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Protective Measures ◽

Wheat Diseases ◽

Yield And Quality ◽

Grain Damage ◽

Fusarium Pathogens ◽

Flour Yield ◽

Indirect Losses

Fungi p. Fusarium is one of the most harmful pathogens of wheat diseases. Their harmfulness is caused both by direct losses due to decrease in yield, and indirect as a result of infection of the obtained products with mycotoxins and decrease in process, baking and sowing parameters of grain. Due to high potential losses, analysis of quantitative parameters of harmfulness of fusarium pathogens of spike and grain is relevant. The paper presents data showing the harmfulness of Fusarium of spike and wheat grain. The causes of direct and indirect losses in case of damage to wheat spike by fungi of p. Fusarium. Direct losses of crop yield are shown in the natural conditions of Minsk region and with the epiphytotic development of the disease in case of artificial infection, which can reach over 50 %. The effect of Fusaria on baking properties of wheat is analyzed. It was determined that grain damage causes decrease in weight of 1000 grains and the flour yield when it is used in the milling industry, as well as deterioration in its quality due to decrease in protein and crude gluten level. The effect of pathogens on sowing parameters of grain is determined. It is concluded that for use as seeds in terms of laboratory germination capacity, batches of grain infected with Fusarium only up to 15 % can be accepted. The data obtained will allow us to adapt protective measures against Fusarium of spike and grain and reduce its negative impact on crop yield and quality of the products obtained.

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