Relationship between yield, growth and spike weight in wheat under phosphorus deficiency and shading

2009 ◽  
Vol 148 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. LÁZARO ◽  
P. E. ABBATE ◽  
D. H. COGLIATTI ◽  
F. H. ANDRADE
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Phosphorus Deficiency ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
Grain Number ◽  
Dry Matter Partitioning ◽  
P Deficiency ◽  
Crop Growth Rate ◽  
Intercepted Radiation

SUMMARYThe effect of phosphorus deficiency on yield formation in spring wheat (Triticum aestivum cv. Prointa Oasis) was investigated, focusing on crop growth and dry matter partitioning during the spike growth period (SGP), which is critical for grain number determination. Two experiments combining shading and P deficiency were performed at Balcarce, Argentina (37°45′S). The main treatments were two levels of soil P-availability: low P, a naturally low P fertility soil (7·0 and 5·5 mg Bray extractable P/kg soil, in the first and second experiments respectively) and high P, a P dose that does not limit growth. The sub-treatments were two levels of radiation (shaded and control). Phosphorus deficiency affected yield mainly through the number of grains/unit surface (m2). Differences in grain number/m2 were related to differences in dry weight of spikes/m2, measured 7 days after anthesis, excluding grain weight. The duration of the SGP did not change much as result of P deficiency: 27 days with high P and only 3 days more with low P. Therefore, changes in spike dry weight were mainly due to differences in spike growth rate. In turn, the spike growth rate of all treatments was linearly related to crop growth rate, with little effect of dry matter partitioning to spikes. Finally, differences in crop growth rate between P treatments were mainly determined by the amount of intercepted radiation. It was concluded that P deficiency resulted in a reduction in intercepted radiation during the SGP, thus causing a reduction in grain number and crop yield.

The effects of radiation and nitrogen on number of grains in wheat

1995 ◽  
Vol 124 (3) ◽  
pp. 351-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. E. Abbate ◽  
F. H. Andrade ◽  
J. P. Culot
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
Grain Number ◽  
Crop Growth Rate ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
N Supply ◽  
Intercepted Radiation ◽  
N Rates

SUMMARYThe possible interacting effects of shading and N supply on number of grains of Triticum aestivum L. (cv. Buck Ñandú) were investigated at Balcarce, Argentina, during the 1988/89 and 1989/90 growing seasons. Shading was imposed from c. 13 days before anthesis to 6 days after, and four rates of N fertilization were supplied within each shading treatment around the date of terminal spikelet formation. Water and other nutrients were not limiting.Total grain yield was strongly correlated with grain number/m2, regardless of shading or N supply. At the highest N rates, grain number and dry weight of spikes at anthesis were linearly related to a photothermal quotient, i.e. the ratio of intercepted photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) to mean temperature minus 4·5 °C, during the period from 20 days before anthesis to 10 days after. The response of grain number to the photothermal quotient was interpreted in terms of the supply of assimilates to the spike at anthesis, which determined flower survival. The response of dry weight of spikes to photothermal quotient was interpreted in terms of crop growth rate since there was a linear relationship between crop growth rate and intercepted radiation. The lowest N rates reduced the number of grains/m2, at any given photothermal quotient. Since the reduction in grain number also occurred at any given dry weight of spikes, it cannot be explained by a reduced supply of assimilates to the spikes. Grain number responded directly to the supply of N to the spike, probably through the survival of differentiated flowers. The relationship between spike growth rate and crop growth rate was not affected by N supply. Crop growth rate was reduced by reduced N supply, because less radiation was intercepted and because radiation-use efficiency was lowered. These results indicate that current models for determining yield and number of grains/m2, based on crop growth, are not adequate when N is deficient.

Effects of Irradiance and Solar Radiation on Dry Matter Growth and Net CO2 Exchange of Trifolium subterraneum L. Swards at a Constant Temperature

1977 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 485 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Fukai ◽  
JH Silsbury
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Exchange Rates ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Light Transmission ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Co2 Exchange ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
Co2 Efflux ◽  
Crop Growth Rate

Small swards of subterranean clover were grown at 20°C at different times of the year and at the same time under shades of different light transmission. Dry matter production and net CO2 exchange rates at different levels of irradiance were measured during growth. Crop growth rates and net CO2 exchange rates are examined in relation to plant attributes and to the daily solar radiation. Dry matter growth curves varied according to the daily solar radiation. Increase in crop growth rate with increase in daily solar radiation was taken to be linear for swards with similar dry weight and was more rapid for closed canopies than for those not showing full light interception. Once a closed canopy was attained, further increase in total dry matter resulted in decreased crop growth rate due, apparently, to increased loss of dry weight through increased respiration rate. The shape of the CO2 exchange/irradiance curve was linear up to 100 W m-2 (PAR) and curvilinear above that value. The rate of net CO2 exchange at 50 W m-2 (PAR) decreased with increase in shoot dry matter above 100 g m-2 due, apparently, to an increased rate of dark CO2 efflux: the rate was not affected by daily solar radiation during growth. The net CO2 exchange rate at 250 W m-2 (PAR) increased with increase in LAI up to 3 after which it became almost constant, varying only with the variation in daily solar radiation during growth. The rate of dark CO2 efflux was strongly affected by the amount of dry matter present and to a smaller extent by the crop growth rate or the daily solar radiation.

ANALYSIS OF GROWTH OF IRRIGATED RAPE

1977 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 193-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. MAJOR
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Brassica Campestris ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
Crop Growth Rate ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Total Dry Weight ◽  
Leaf Dry Weight

Irrigated Polish rape (Brassica campestris L. cv. Span) and Argentine rape (B. napus L. cv. Zephyr) were harvested at 1-wk intervals at Lethbridge, Alberta and separated into leaves, stems, pods, and seed. Leaves reached maximum dry weight on 8 July for Span and 15 July for Zephyr and then senesced completely or to low levels. Maximum plant dry matter, which ranged from 312 to 1,174 g/m2, occurred in the last half of August. Although total dry weight increased substantially during the period that leaf dry weight was decreasing, crop growth rate also decreased, indicating that leaves were an important source of photosynthates for plant growth.

scholarly journals Growth and dry matter partitioning in selected soybean (Glycine max L.) genotypes

2015 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 333-345
Author(s):  
MSA Khan ◽  
MA Karim ◽  
MM Haque ◽  
AJMS Karim ◽  
MAK Mian
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
Dry Matter Partitioning ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Crop Growth Rate

The experiment was conducted at the experimental site of Agronomy Department, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University (BSMRAU), Salna, Gazipur during the period from January to June 2011 to evaluate twenty selected soybean genotypes in respect of growth, dry matter production and yield. Genotypic variations in plant height, leaf area index, dry matter and its distribution, crop growth rate and seed yield were observed. The plant height ranged from 40.33 to 63.17 cm, leaf area index varied from 3.01 to 8.13 at 75 days after emergence, total dry matter ranged from 12.25 to 24.71 g per plant at 90 days after emergence (DAE). The seed yield ranged from 1745 to 3640 kg per hectare. The genotypes BGM 02093, BD 2329, BD 2340, BD 2336, Galarsum, BD 2331 and G00015 yielded 3825, 3447, 3573, 3737, 3115, 3542 and 3762 kg per hectare, respectively and gave higher than others contributed by higher crop growth rate with maximum number of filled pods. Seed yield of soybean was positively related to total dry matter at 45 DAE (Y = 632.19 + 659.31X, R2= 0.46) and 60 DAE (Y= 95.335 + 405.53X, R2 = 0.48). The filled pods per plant had good relationship with seed yield (Y = 1397 + 41.85X, R2 = 0.41) than other components.Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 40(3): 333-345, September 2015

scholarly journals Growth and yield of wheat at different dates of sowing under chrland ecosystem of Bangladesh

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
MM Kamrozzaman ◽  
MAH Khan ◽  
S Ahmed ◽  
N Sultana
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Crop Growth Rate

An experiment was conducted at Sadipur charland under Farming System Research and Development Site, Hatgobindapur, Faridpur, during rabi season of 2012-13 and 2013-14 to study the growth and yield performance of cv. BARI Gom-24 as affected by different dates of sowing under Agro-ecological Zone-12 (AEZ-12) of Bangladesh. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design with six replications, comprising five different dates of sowing viz. November 5, November 15, November 25, December 5 and December 15. Results reveal that the tallest plant, leaf area index, total dry matter, and crop growth rate were observed in November 25 sown crop and leaf area index, total dry matter and crop growth rate were higher at booting, grain filling, and tillering stages of the crop. Maximum effective tillers hill-1 (3.49), spikes m-2, (311), number of grains spike-1 (42.20) and 1000-grain weight (52.10 g) were produced by November 25 sown crop exhibited the highest grain (4.30 t ha-1) and straw yield (4.94 t ha-1) as well as harvest index (46.88%) of the crop. Lowest performance was observed both in early (November 5) and late sown crop (December 15). The overall results indicated that November 25 sown crop showed better performance in respect of growth and yield of wheat under charland ecosystem of Bangladesh.J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 14(2): 147-154, December 2016

A quantitative examination of the growth of swards of Medicago truncatula cv. Jemalong

1979 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 53 ◽  
Author(s):  
JH Silsbury ◽  
L Adem ◽  
P Baghurst ◽  
ED Carter
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Medicago Truncatula ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
Stage Ii ◽  
Yield Data ◽  
Constant Growth Rate ◽  
Sowing Time ◽  
Crop Growth Rate

Shoot dry matter yield data for swards of Medicago truncatula cv. Jemalong established on two occasions at Adelaide in 1975 have been used to examine the influence of sowing rate on the seasonal growth pattern of this species. The patterns of dry matter growth are assessed: (i) by the use of a logistic function; (ii) by a growth stage approach involving an initial phase of approximately exponential growth (stage I) followed by a phase of almost constant growth rate (stage II). Two methods are given for determining the duration of these stages. It was found that stage I1 began at a shoot dry weight of about 300 g m-2, irrespective of sowing rate. End-of-season yield at about 10 t ha-1 was largely independent of sowing time and of sowing density. A maximum crop growth rate of 14.9 g m-2 d-1 was recorded for low density and late sowing. Sowing density had a marked effect on the shape of the growth curves; both the maximum crop growth rate and the average crop growth rate in stage II decreased with increase in sowing rate for each time of sowing.

Evaluation of groundnut genotypes for physiological efficiencyand high yield to suit early kharif situation

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Reshma ◽  
P. Latha ◽  
V. Umamahesh ◽  
R. P. Vasanthi ◽  
P. Sudhakar
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
Net Assimilation Rate ◽  
Physiological Traits ◽  
Assimilation Rate ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Crop Growth Rate ◽  
Pod Yield ◽  
Net Assimilation

Groundnut is grown during July to October in kharif season, however area under early kharif (sowing in May) is increasing in Andhra Pradsh, where ever irrigation facilities exists. Hence to identify suitable variety for the situation, fourteen pre release and two released groundnut genotypes were evaluated during early kharif 2013 for growth, physiological traits and yield attributes. At harvest genotypes TCGS-1375 (41.331 g plant-1), TCGS-1342(41.059 g plant-1) significantly recorded higher total dry matter compared to all other cultivars and checks followed by TCGS-1330 (36.667 g plant-1), TCGS-1349 (36.433 g plant-1). TCGS-1342 recorded significantly higher Crop Growth Rate (CGR) value of 33.848 g m-2 day-1, where as TCGS-1346 (0.1265 g dm-2 day-1) and TCGS-1330 (0.1262 g dm-2 day-1) recorded significantly higher Net Assimilation Rate (NAR) values at 45-60 DAS. Cultivar, TCGS-1330 recorded significantly higher pod yield 4210.44 Kg ha-1 compared to other entries and checks. The results revealed that pre release genotypes, TCGS-1342, TCGS-1375, TCGS-1330, TCGS-1346 recorded high physiological efficiency in terms of growth and physiological traits viz. total dry matter (TDM), crop growth rate (CGR), net assimilation rate (NAR) and leaf area index (LAI) and also recorded high pod yield.

Changes in growth rate and morphology of perennial ryegrass swards at high and low nitrogen levels

1971 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison Davies
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Appreciable Effect ◽  
Crop Growth Rate ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Time Of Year

SummaryThe nitrogen requirements for maximum production of perennial ryegrass swards in August/September were shown to be of the order of 4 kg N/ha/day. Further increases above this level had no appreciable effect on dry-matter production, leaf area or light intercepted, but maximum tiller numbers were considerably enhanced. Shortage of nitrogenous fertilizer had comparatively little effect on crop growth rate in the early stages of regrowth, but thereafter caused the rate to fall increasingly short of potential. At high fertilizer levels crop growth rate based on total above-ground parts was linearly related to percentage light intercepted in the first month after defoliation, but values subsequently became erratic and at times negative. This change in crop growth rate and the resulting halt in effective net dry-matter production could be associated with the overall pattern of leaf and tiller formation and death, maximum net yield being achieved at the point in time when three new leaves had been produced on each tiller since cutting. It is concluded that in August and September worth-while increases in harvestable net dry matter are unlikely to occur after this stage has been reached, and that managements based on the maintenance of a complete crop cover are not likely to be successful at this time of year.

scholarly journals Characterization of Dry Matter Partition with Grain Yield in Advanced Breeding Lines of Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

2020 ◽  
pp. 51-60
Author(s):  
D. Dev Kumar ◽  
D. Vishnu Vardhan Reddy ◽  
P. Raghuveer Rao ◽  
M. Sheshu Madhav ◽  
V. Gouri Shankar
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Crop Growth Rate ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Leaf Weight ◽  
Initiation Stage

The experimental field was laid in RBD replicated thrice with 30 high yielding rice genotypes which includes 26 advanced breeding lines (ABL) (SP-351, SP-352, SP-353, SP-354, SP-355, SP-356, SP-357, SP-358, SP-359, SP-360, SP-70, SP-72, SP-63, SP-61, SP-69, SP-55, SP-80, SP-25, SP-13,  SP-03, SP-02, SP-34, SP-37, SP-08, SP-75 and SP-57) and four checks (NDR-359, BPT-5204, IR-64, Jaya). Seven genotypes showed significantly higher leaf weight over the BPT-5204. Further, leaf weight at panicle initiation stage showed a positive relationship with TDM (Total Dry Matter) (r=0.51**). At the panicle initiation stage, only three genotypes (SP-354, SP-358, and SP-72) were superior to BPT-5204 in leaf weight. The shoot biomass and total dry weight was superior only in one genotype SP-72 as compared to BPT-5204. Similarly, the net assimilation rate at panicle initiation stage was maximum in SP-08 (9.92g m-2 day-1) and SP-72 (9.35g m-2 day-1) as compared to check BPT-5204 (6.47g m-2 day-1). These genotypes maintained higher photosynthetic rate (SP-72) and higher grain yield (SP-08). The relationship between CGR (Crop Growth Rate) and TDM (Total Dry Matter) and grain yield (r=0.61**) was positive and significant at physiological maturity. Genotypes SP-08 and SP-72 showed significantly higher CGR (Crop Growth Rate) over BPT-5204 and hence, yielded higher. In the present study compared to BPT-5204, genotypes SP-72, SP-08 maintained higher lea area index at all crop growth stages. These genotypes maintained higher photosynthetic rate (SP-72) and higher grain yield (SP-08). Positive significant relationship between LAI (Leaf Area Index) and total dry matter at harvest and; grain yield has been observed.

scholarly journals Effect of Integrated Nutrient Management on Yield Attributes and Yield of Black Gram Cv. Pu-31

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harkesh Meena ◽  
Vikram Bharati ◽  
D.K. Dwivedi ◽  
S.K. Singh ◽  
Rohin Choudhary ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
Organic Manure ◽  
Black Gram ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Crop Growth Rate

Background: The main pulses grown in India are chickpea, arhar, lentil, black gram, mung bean, moth bean, horse gram, pea, khesari, cowpea, etc. Black gram is fourth major pulse crop in India, that contributes 13 and 10 per cent of total area and production respectively. This is annual plant that attains 30-100 cm height and its stem is covered with brown hairs and much branched from the base. The pods are long and cylindrical being 5-6 cm length and 4-10 seed in pods. The seeds are generally black, very dark brown. Methods: The field experiment was conducted in kharif-2019 at research farm of Tirhut College of Agriculture Dholi, to study the effect of integrated nutrient management on growth, yield parameters and the yield of black gram cv-PU-31, by the use different sources of nutrient in a integrated manner such as three level of fertilizer i.e. F1-75, F2-100 and F3-125% RDF and two levels of organic manure i.e. M1-control and M2-FYM @ 5 t ha-1 and three levels of biofertilizer i.e., B1-rhizobium, B2-nutrient mobilizer, B3-rhizobium+ nutrient mobilizer. The treatments were allocated in randomized block design (factorial) and replicated thrice. Result: The results revealed that F3 produced taller plants, more dry matter, crop growth rate (CGR) yield attributes resulting higher yield of grain and straw (10.78, 22.61 q ha-1 respectively) which was statistically at par with plant height, dry matter, crop growth rate, yield attributes and yield of grain, straw and highest harvest index (10.73, 22.20 q ha-1 and 32.58% respectively) to F2. Among addition of organic manure significantly maximum plant height, dry matter and crop growth rate and yield attributes resulting maximum yield of grain, straw and harvest index (11.2, 22.79 q ha-1 and 33.31% respectively) was found in M2 over M1. In biofertilizer treatments, B3 recorded higher plant height, dry matter and crop growth rate, yield attributes resulting in significantly higher yield of grain, straw and harvest index (10.26, 21.90 q ha-1 and 31.92% respectively) over B1 and B2.

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