Effects of alternative feed additives and flint maize grain particle size on growth performance, carcass traits and nutrient digestibility of finishing beef cattle

2019 ◽  
Vol 157 (5) ◽  
pp. 456-468
Author(s):  
V. N. Gouvêa ◽  
M. A. P. Meschiatti ◽  
J. M. M. Moraes ◽  
C. D. A. Batalha ◽  
J. R. R. Dórea ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Additive Interaction ◽  
Finishing Beef Cattle ◽  
Daily Gain

AbstractThe current study evaluated growth performance and digestion responses of finishing bulls fed diets containing 825 g/kg flint maize [dry matter (DM) basis] ground to medium (1.66 mm; MG) or coarse particle sizes (2.12 mm; CG), with added monensin (26 mg/kg; DM basis; MON) or a blend of essential oils (BEO) + exogenous α-amylase (AM; 90 mg/kg + 560 mg/kg commercial product, respectively, DM basis). In Expt 1, 256 Nellore bulls were blocked by initial body weight (BW) (360 ± 11.7 kg) and assigned to 48 pens in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments. Effect of a maize particle size × feed additive interaction was not detected for final BW, DM intake (DMI), average daily gain (ADG) and feed efficiency. The DMI was greater for bulls fed BEO + AM v. MON. Final BW and ADG tended to be greater for bulls fed CG than MG maize. An interaction was detected for hot carcass weight which was 11 kg heavier for bulls fed BEO + AM v. MON in diets containing CG, but not MG particle size. In Expt 2, four ruminally cannulated Nellore steers were offered the same treatments as Expt 1, in a 4 × 4 Latin Square design. Intake of most nutrients was greater for steers fed CG than steers fed MG maize. In summary, feeding bulls CG maize increased growth performance and carcass characteristics compared with MG. The combination of BEO + AM resulted in heavier carcass weights compared with MON supplementation when included in diets containing CG maize.

Effect of phytogenics on growth performance, fecal score, blood profiles, fecal noxious gas emission, digestibility, and intestinal morphology of weanling pigs challenged with Escherichia coli K88

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 557-564 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Mohana Devi ◽  
S.I. Lee ◽  
I.H. Kim
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Intestinal Morphology ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Gas Emission ◽  
Weaning Pigs ◽  
Blood Profiles

Abstract Phytogenic feed additives have become attractive alternatives for use in animal diets. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of a phytogenic-based feed additive on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood profiles, fecal noxious gas emission, and intestinal morphology of weaning pigs after dietary challenge with E. coli K88. A total of 120 crossbred pigs [(Yorkshire × Landrace) × Duroc)] with an initial body weight (BW) of 6.09 ± 0.96 kg (21 d of age) were assigned randomly to 1 of the 4 dietary treatments. Each pen housed 5 pigs, and there were 6 pens/treatment. Treatments included: T1, negative control (without antibiotics); T2, T1 + antibiotic; T3, T1 + 0.05% phytogenics; and T4, T1 + 0.2% commercial mix of organic acids. Overall, the average daily gain (ADG) with the T3 treatment was higher (P<0.05). At wk 1, the apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of dry matter (DM) was increased (P<0.05) with T4 treatment. The ATTD of ash with T3 and T4 treatments was greater (P<0.05). At wk 3, pigs fed with the T4 diet had a significantly higher (P<0.05) ATTD of DM. The ATTD of ash and calcium (Ca) was significantly increased (P<0.05) with the T4 treatment. Pigs fed with the T3 diet had a higher (P<0.05) ATTD of phosphorus (P). At wk 6, the ATTD of ash was significantly increased (P<0.05) with the T1 and T3 treatments. The data indicate that phytogenics positively affect growth performance of weaning pigs, indicating that their use as an alternative in the diets of weaning pigs can significantly improve ADG, under challenge with E.coli K88.

scholarly journals Growth performance and apparent total tract nutrient digestibility of limit-fed diets containing wet brewer’s grains to Holstein heifers

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Hatungimana ◽  
Tess C Stahl ◽  
Peter S Erickson
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Limit Feeding ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Body Condition Scores

Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the growth performance and apparent total tract nutrient digestibility of Holstein heifers limit-fed diets containing different amounts of wet brewer’s grains (WBG). A 12-wk randomized complete block study was conducted using 30 yearling Holstein heifers [378 ± 27 d of age, and body weight (BW) of 357.8 ± 27.6 kg (mean ± SD)]. Treatments were 0%, 10% and 20% of WBG on a dry matter (DM) basis and diets were formulated to be limit-fed for dry matter intake (DMI) at 2.35% of BW and provided 15% crude protein (CP) and 2.27 Mcal metabolizable energy/kg of DM. Dry matter intake was recorded daily, while BW and skeletal measurements were measured every 2 wk. During week 12, fecal samples were collected directly from the rectum over four consecutive days and composited by heifer to determine apparent total tract nutrient digestibility using acid detergent insoluble ash as a marker. Data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS. Dry matter intakes, BW, and average daily gain were not different among treatments (P = 0.2, P = 0.4, and P = 0.6, respectively). Dry matter intakes ranged from 8.6 to 9.0 kg/d. Average BW were 404.4, 411.5, and 409.3 kg for heifers fed the 0%, 10%, and 20% WBG diets, respectively. Average daily gains were 1.03, 1.04, and 0.96 kg/d for heifers fed the 0%, 10%, and 20% WBG diets respectively. Skeletal measurements and body condition scores (BCS) were not different among treatments except for the change in heart girth (P &lt; 0.01) and initial BCS (P &lt; 0.01). Apparent total tract digestibilities of DM, organic matter, CP, fat, and hemicellulose were greater or tended to be greater in heifers fed 0% and 20% WBG treatments than heifers fed 10 % WBG (P = 0.04, P = 0.04, P = 0.06, P = 0.06, and P = 0.01, respectively). Neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, and fat digestibilities were similar among treatments (P = 0.2, P = 0.3, and P = 0.3, respectively). During the digestibility phase, DMI tended to be greater (P = 0.08) for the 10% WBG treatment. These results demonstrate that limit-feeding heifers with diets containing up to 20% WBG could replace soybean- and corn-based concentrates in diets without adverse consequences to the heifer growth performance.

scholarly journals PROBIOTIC FEED ADDITIVES - PERSPECTIVES OF RATIONAL FEEDING OF CALVES

2021 ◽  
pp. 114-121
Author(s):  
V. M. Lytvynenko ◽  
N. I. Yukhymchuk N. I
Keyword(s):  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Baker’S Yeast ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Natural Resistance ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Percentage Increase ◽  
Baker's Yeast ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Positive Effect

To improve the adaptation of the pancreatic microflora to changes in the diets of calves and for the rational use of feed, in intensive cultivation, it is desirable to change the composition of feed probiotic supplements according to the age of the animals. Each age group of calves responds differently to live weight gain on probiotic feed additives. Feed supplement Immunobacterin-D containing Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis has a positive effect on natural resistance, increases the average daily gain and has a preventive effect on diseases of the digestive tract of calves. But for 2 months of continuous feeding can cause suppression of natural resistance of some animals. When baker's yeast is added to the feed additive (B. subtilis, B. licheniformis 1 × 1010 CFU / g, Sascharomyces cerevisiae 1 × 109 CFU / g), the dry form of the product makes it possible to feed it with compound feed. The use of immunobacterin-D with yeast in 3-month-old calves in experimental animals in the clinical examination for fatness and coat condition looked better. Calves of the experimental group during this period added in increments of 276 g in the previous month, the arithmetic mean of the average daily gain of live weight was 820 ± 180 g, and in the current 1096 ± 90 g, which indicates a positive effect of yeast (especially live) on the productivity of calves at this age. For studies on heifers in a farm with lower average daily gains in live weight, we received a smaller percentage increase in gains with the use of feed probiotic supplement Immunobacterin-D with baker's yeast. When adding to the feed additives at a dose of 40 g and 20 g to heifers 350–400 kg live weight of the animal had an average daily gain of live weight in the first group of 500 ± 17 g, in the second 440 ± 30 g, and in the control 414 ± 12 g, which is 20.8 and 6.3 % more than in the control group. The use of yeast in feed additives confirms the pattern of increasing the percentage of additional average daily gain. That is, with higher average daily gains, we get a higher percentage of additional growth from feeding a probiotic feed additive containing baker's yeast.

scholarly journals Effects of dietary copper supplementation on nutrient digestibility, serum biochemical indices, and growth rate of young female mink (Neovison vison)

2014 ◽  
Vol 59 (No. 11) ◽  
pp. 529-537 ◽  
Author(s):  
X.Z. Wu ◽  
Y. Yang ◽  
H.-T. Liu ◽  
Z.-Y. Yue ◽  
X.-H. Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Young Female ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Glutamic Pyruvic Transaminase ◽  
Dietary Copper ◽  
Glutamic Oxalacetic Transaminase ◽  
Gain Ratio ◽  
Daily Gain

The objective of this study was to determine whether nutrient digestibility and growth performance of mink were affected by different dietary copper levels. Ninety-six 60-day-old healthy female minks were randomly assigned to 8 treatment groups with 12 animals in each group and fed a diet supplemented with either 0, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128 or 256 mg/kg copper as CuSO<sub>4 </sub>&times; 5H<sub>2</sub>O, respectively. Our data showed that body weight and average daily gain increased (linear and quadratic, P &lt; 0.05) as Cu increased in the diet, the highest body weight and average daily gain were seen in the Cu32 group. Feed : gain ratio responded in a linear (P = 0.0025) fashion with increasing level of Cu, the lowest feed : gain ratio was seen in the Cu64 group. Digestibility of ether extract responded in a linear (P = 0.0190) fashion with increasing level of Cu. There were no differences in apparent digestibility of dry matter, CP, and gross energy among groups (P &gt; 0.05). N retention linearly (P = 0.0363) responded to increasing levels of Cu. Glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase and glutamic-pyruvic transaminase increased (linear and quadratic, P &lt; 0.05) as Cu increased in the diet; the highest glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase and glutamic-pyruvic transaminase were seen in the Cu256 group. Total protein of the minks was similar among the treatments, however, albumin in serum responded in a linear (P = 0.0370) and quadratic (P = 0.0049) fashion with increasing level of Cu. The activity of ceruloplasmin responded in a linear (P = 0.0001) and quadratic (P = 0.0203) fashion with increasing level of Cu. The activity of Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase responded in a linear (P = 0.0010) fashion with increasing level of Cu. Our results indicate that supplemental Cu plays an important role in the growth performance of mink, helping young female mink digest and efficiently utilize added dietary fat. &nbsp;

Effects of sodium bentonite supplements on growth performance of feedlot steers fed direct-cut or wilted grass silage based diets

2007 ◽  
Vol 87 (4) ◽  
pp. 631-638 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Berthiaume ◽  
M. Ivan ◽  
C. Lafrenière
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Sodium Bentonite ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Feedlot Steers ◽  
Dietary Components ◽  
Daily Gain

Forty crossbred steers (initial liveweight: 339 ± 41 kg) were assigned to four equal groups in a 98-d feeding experiment to determine the effects of sodium bentonite supplements (2% of dietary dry matter) on their growth performance. The steers were fed ad libitum a total mixed ration based on direct-cut (two groups) or wilted (two groups) grass silage. One group of steers fed the same silage received the diet without supplementation (control), while the second group received the diet with the sodium bentonite supplement. The steers were housed in pens with electronic headgates in an unheated enclosed feedlot. Feed intake was recorded throughout the experiment and weighing conducted every 2 wk. Apparent digestibilities of dietary components were determined with four steers in a parallel 4 × 4 Latin square experiment. Feed intake, average daily gain (ADG) and the efficiency of feed utilization were higher (P < 0.05) in steers fed wilted than in those fed the poorly fermented direct-cut grass silage. Bentonite increased (P = 0.04) ADG in steers fed the direct-cut grass silage, but in those fed the wilted grass silage ADG was virtually the same for both the control or the bentonite-supplemented steers. Except for energy, digestibility of nutrients was superior (P ≤ 0.05) in the wilted than in the direct-cut grass silage, but there were no effects (P > 0.05) of bentonite. It was concluded that it may be useful to supplement poorly fermented direct-cut silage diets with sodium bentonite, but not those based on wilted grass silage. Key words: Feedlot steers, sodium bentonite, grass silage, growth performance

Effect of feed particle size and dietary melatonin supplementation on gastric ulcers in swine

1999 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. L. Ayles ◽  
R. M. Friendship ◽  
G. A. Bubenik ◽  
R. O. Ball
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Endoscopic Examination ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Gastric Ulcers ◽  
Swine Industry ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Growth Experiments

Gastric ulcers may be an underrecognized problem in the swine industry. An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary melatonin supplementation and particle size on prevalence and severity of ulcers in growing pigs. Sixty-four Yorkshire barrows and gilts (29.5 ± 1.0 kg) received either a finely ground (763 ± 2.18 µm) or a coarsely ground (953 ± 2.29 µm) corn–wheat diet, either with or without added melatonin (5 mg kg−1). One half of the pigs underwent endoscopic examination to assess the severity of ulcers on days 4 and 25. Growth performance and feed consumption were monitored throughout the experiment. All pigs were slaughtered on day 28, and ulcers were assessed postmortem. Endoscopy at the beginning of the experiment found that 53% of the pigs already had some degree of ulceration. Pigs fed the fine diet had greater average daily gain and average daily feed intake than pigs fed the coarse diet (P < 0.05), but particle size did not significantly affect prevalence of stomach ulcers. Melatonin supplementation increased the apparent digestibility of crude protein (P < 0.04) and dry matter (P < 0.08) of the diets and decreased the prevalence of ulcers (P < 0.05) but did not significantly affect growth performance. Pigs that received melatonin had higher levels of melatonin (P < 0.01) in most gastrointestinal tissues, with highest concentrations found in the stomach (P < 0.001). Pigs that did not have ulcers had a higher concentration of melatonin in the plasma and stomach than pigs with ulcers (P < 0.05). Melatonin may be useful in decreasing ulcers. Initial ulcer condition may be a significant source of variation in growth experiments. Key words: Pigs, gastric ulcers, particle size, melatonin, gastrointestinal tract

scholarly journals Comparative study of yeast selenium vs. sodium selenite on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative activity in weaned piglets challenged by Salmonella typhimurium

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 248-258
Author(s):  
Liangkang Lv ◽  
Hui Zhang ◽  
Zhengya Liu ◽  
Long Lei ◽  
Zhi Feng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Typhimurium ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Sodium Selenite ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Different Sources ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation of selenium from different sources on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and blood immune indices of piglets orally challenged with Salmonella typhimurium (ST). In a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement, 32 piglets (6.43 ± 0.54 kg of body mass) were assigned into four groups with or without dietary inclusion of sodium selenite (SS) or yeast selenium (YS) and with or without ST challenge (5 ml 1 × 109 cfu/ml ST or 5 ml saline) on d 13. In each period, YS increased average daily feed intake and average daily gain but did not reach statistical significance. During the challenged stage, piglets fed YS had higher digestibility of dry matter, crude protein, crude fat, and YS reduced the amount of Escherichia coli in feces. Additionally, YS regulated the composition of T-lymphocyte subset and influenced the production of inflammatory cytokines. In conclusion, in this study selenium-enriched yeast was more effective in enhancing nutrient digestibility, and inhibiting inflammation and oxidative stress by inducing the activity of the lymphocytes, expression of antioxidant enzymes and so on.

scholarly journals Effects of Dietary N-Carbamylglutamate on Growth Performance, Apparent Digestibility, Nitrogen Metabolism and Plasma Metabolites of Fattening Holstein Bulls

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 126
Author(s):  
Jinshan Yang ◽  
Jian Zheng ◽  
Xinpeng Fang ◽  
Xin Jiang ◽  
Yukun Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Nitrogen Metabolism ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Plasma Metabolites ◽  
Widespread Application ◽  
N Utilization ◽  
Holstein Bulls ◽  
Daily Gain

N-carbamylglutamate (NCG), a structural analog of N-acetylglutamate, improves nitrogen utilization in dairy cows. However, the effects of NCG on bulls are unknown. The purpose of the current research was to investigate the effects of adding different amounts of NCG on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, nitrogen metabolism and plasma metabolites of fattening Holstein bulls. Twenty-four Holstein bulls with similar body weights (BW, 408 ± 21.9 kg) and ages (450 ± 6.1 d; all mean ± SD) were selected for the feeding trial. After 2 weeks of adaptation, bulls were blocked by BW and age and subsequently randomly assigned to 1 of 4 groups: (1) CON group (control diet), (2) L group (supplementation with 20 mg/kg BW NCG), (3) M group (supplementation with 40 mg/kg BW NCG), or (4) H group (supplementation with 80 mg/kg BW NCG). The addition of NCG linearly and quadratically increased the average daily gain (CON vs. L vs. M vs. H = 1.03 vs. 1.19 vs. 1.40 vs. 1.26 kg/d) (p < 0.05), feed conversion ratio (CON vs. L vs. M vs. H = 11.92 vs. 9.22 vs. 7.76 vs. 8.62) (p < 0.05), crude protein digestibility (CON vs. L vs. M vs. H = 64.3 vs. 63.8 vs. 67.7 vs. 65.8%) (0.05 < p < 0.10), N retention (p < 0.05) and N utilization (p < 0.05) of bulls, whereas the contents of fecal N (0.05 < p < 0.10) and urinary N (0.05 < p < 0.10) in NCG-fed bulls linearly decreased compared with those in CON bulls. Bulls fed NCG showed a quadratic increased plasma nitric oxide (p < 0.05) concentration. Furthermore, Arg (p < 0.05), Ile (p < 0.05), Val (p < 0.05), Ala (p < 0.05), Glu (p < 0.05), Ser (p < 0.05), total essential amino acid (p < 0.05) and total nonessential amino acid (p < 0.05) concentrations linearly and quadratically increased with increasing doses of NCG. In contrast, plasma urea (p < 0.05) and ammonia (p < 0.05) concentration linearly and quadratically decreased with increasing doses of NCG. Overall, the addition of NCG increased plasma Arg, Ile, Val, TEAA and TNEAA concentration, which in turn resulted in a higher N utilization and, therefore, higher average daily gain in NCG-fed bulls, providing baseline data for the widespread application of NCG in beef cattle production.

scholarly journals Comparative study of growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and ruminal and fecal bacterial community between yaks and cattle-yaks raised by stall-feeding

AMB Express ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Qindan Dai ◽  
Jian Ma ◽  
Guang Cao ◽  
Rui Hu ◽  
Yixiao Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
Fecal Bacterial Community ◽  
Daily Gain

AbstractThe experiment was conducted to compare the growth performance, rumen fermentation, nutrient digestibility, and ruminal and fecal bacterial community between yaks and cattle-yaks. Ten male yaks (36-month-old) were used as the yak (YAK) group and 10 male cattle-yaks with similar age were selected as the cattle-yak (CAY) group. All the animals were fed same ration and the experiment lasted for 60 days. The results showed that the average daily gain and dry matter intake of CAY group were higher (P < 0.05) than those of YAK group. The ruminal concentrations of total volatile fatty acids, acetate, and butyrate were higher (P < 0.05) in CAY group than those in YAK group. However, the neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber digestibility exhibited an opposite between two groups. In the rumen, the relative abundances of Prevotella 1 and Prevotellaceae UCG-001 were higher (P < 0.05) and Succiniclasticum and Butyrivibrio 2 were lower (P < 0.05) in YAK group compared to CAY group. In the feces, the unclassified Lachnospiraceae, Lachnospiraceae NK4A136 group, and Lachnospiraceae AC2044 group were significantly enriched (P < 0.05) in YAK group, whereas the Ruminococcaceae UCG-010, Ruminococcaceae UCG-013, and Succiniclasticum were significantly enriched (P < 0.05) in CAY group. Overall, under the same diet, the yaks have higher fiber utilization and cattle-yaks have higher energy utilization.

scholarly journals Dietary inclusion of ensiled avocado oil cake affects growth, nutrient digestion, and carcass characteristics of pigs

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
M.L. Seshoka ◽  
P.J. Fourie ◽  
A.T. Kanengoni ◽  
I.M.M. Malebana ◽  
R.S. Thomas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Large White ◽  
Avocado Oil ◽  
Conversion Rates ◽  
Daily Gain

In this experiment, the effects were evaluated of various dietary inclusion levels of avocado oil cake (AOC) silage on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and carcass characteristics in pigs. A mixture of 70% AOC, 25% wheat bran, and 5% sugarcane molasses was ensiled in 200 L drums for 90 days. It was then incorporated at 0%, 3% and 5% in the experimental diets. Twenty-seven Large White cross Landrace (LW x LR) weaner pigs, with an average live weight of 22 kg, were stratified by weight and randomly allocated to the three experimental diets (9 pigs/diet). Pigs were weighed individually each week throughout the trial. Daily feed intake, average daily gain (ADG) and feed conversion rates (FCRs) were recorded. A nutrient digestibility study was carried out on completion of the growth trial. At the end of the experiment, pigs were fasted for twelve hours and weighed to determine the final weight. The pigs were then slaughtered, and carcass samples were collected and analysed. The growth performance of pigs was not affected by diet, irrespective of fibre levels in the AOC silage. However, the addition of 3% AOC silage improved the digestibility of fibre fractions. The weights of the cold carcass, chops, and backfat thickness were reduced with AOC silage addition.

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