The modification of an in vitro gas production test to detect roughage related differences in in vivo microbial protein synthesis as estimated by the excretion of purine derivatives

1999 ◽  
Vol 133 (3) ◽  
pp. 335-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. BLÜMMEL ◽  
R. MGOMEZULU ◽  
X. B. CHEN ◽  
H. P. S. MAKKAR ◽  
K. BECKER ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Production Test ◽  
Microbial Protein ◽  
Purine Derivatives ◽  
Host Animal ◽  
Microbial Protein Synthesis

The relationship between variations in in vitro microbial biomass production and microbial protein supply to the host animal was examined in 13 Malawian goats fed on stover leaves from two varieties of maize at Bunda College, Malawi, in 1995. The in vitro parameters were analysed based on the concept of the partitioning factor (PF) which is obtained by the combination of gas volume measurements with determinations of the amount of substrate truly degraded. The PF reflects substrate-dependent variation in the in vitro partitioning of degraded substrate between short chain fatty acids (SCFA), gases and microbial biomass. The in vivo microbial protein synthesis was estimated by the urinary excretion of the purine derivatives (PD) allantoin, uric acid and xanthine + hypoxanthine. For the two types of stover leaves examined, the higher microbial efficiency of one variety in vitro was reflected by different PD excretions on practically identical digestible dry matter intakes in vivo. It is concluded that substrate-dependent variations in microbial efficiencies as detected by the PF are also evident and relevant for in vivo microbial protein synthesis.

Effect of microbial isolates on microbial yield estimation in RUSITEC system

1998 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. 306-308
Author(s):  
M. D. Carro ◽  
E. L. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Liquid Fraction ◽  
Microbial Protein ◽  
Microbial Protein Synthesis ◽  
Continuous Culture System ◽  
The One

The estimation of rumen microbial protein synthesis is one of the main points in the nitrogen (N)-rationing systems for ruminants, as microbial protein provides proportionately 0.4 to 0.9 of amino acids entering the small intestine in ruminants receiving conventional diets (Russell et al., 1992). Methods of estimating microbial protein synthesis rely on marker techniques in which a particular microbial constituent is related to the microbial N content. Marker : N values have generally been established in mixed bacteria isolated from the liquid fraction of rumen digesta and it has been assumed that the same relationship holds in the total population leaving the rumen (Merry and McAllan, 1983). However, several studies have demonstrated differences in composition between solid-associated (SAB) and fluid-associated bacteria in vivo (Legay-Carmier and Bauchart, 1989) and in vitro (Molina Alcaide et al, 1996), as well in marker : N values (Pérez et al., 1996). This problem could be more pronounced in the in vitro semi-continuous culture system RUSITEC, in which there are three well defined components (a free liquid phase, a liquid phase associated with the solid phase and a solid phase), each one having associated microbial populations.The objective of this experiment was to investigate the effect of using different bacterial isolates (BI) on the estimation of microbial production of four different diets in RUSITEC (Czerkawski and Breckenridge, 1977), using (15NH4)2 SO4 as microbial marker, and to assess what effects any differences would have on the comparison of microbial protein synthesis between diets.This study was conducted in conjunction with an in vitro experiment described by Carro and Miller (1997). Two 14-day incubation trials were carried out with the rumen simulation technique RUSITEC (Czerkawski and Breckenridge, 1977). The general incubation procedure was the one described by Czerkawski and Breckenridge (1977) and more details about the procedures of this experiment are given elsewhere (Carro and Miller, 1997).

scholarly journals Produk Fermentasi Rumen dan Produksi Protein Mikroba Sapi Lokal yang Diberi Pakan Jerami Amoniasi dan Beberapa Bahan Pakan Sumber Energi

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 29-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Novita Hindratiningrum ◽  
Muhamad Bata ◽  
Setya Agus Santosa
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Rice Bran ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Metabolic Energy ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Microbial Protein ◽  
Microbial Protein Synthesis

Products of rumen fermentation and protein microbial of dairy cattle feed with rice bran ammonization and some feedstuffs as an energy sourcesABSTRACT. This study aims to examine the energy sources of feed ingredients that can increase the production of Volatile Fatty Acids (VFA), N-NH3, microbial protein synthesis, total gas production and metabolic energy. The material used is as a source of rumen fluid inoculum from Frisian Holstein cows (FH) females, amoniasi rice straw, salt, mineral mix brand "Ultra Minerals' production Eka Farma Semarang, onggok wet and dry, corn, and rice bran. Observed variable is the concentration of (VFA), N-NH3, rumen microbial protein synthesis, and total gas production. Based on the analysis of diversity seen any significant effect (P0.05) on total VFA concentration, N-NH3 and total gas but had no effect (P0.05) on microbial protein synthesis. Conclusion of research is the provision of energy sources with rice bran treatment, onggok wet and dry corn flour can be used as fermentable carbohydrates on feed hay amoniasi in vitro.

Effect of fibre source on the efficiency of microbial synthesis by mixed microorganisms from the sheep rumen in vitro

2001 ◽  
Vol 2001 ◽  
pp. 151-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Ranilla ◽  
S. López ◽  
M. D. Carro ◽  
R. J. Wallace ◽  
C. J. Newbold
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Culture System ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Microbial Protein ◽  
Microbial Synthesis ◽  
Microbial Protein Synthesis ◽  
Plant Fibre ◽  
Sheep Rumen

The efficiency and rate of microbial protein synthesis in the rumen depend on several factors, of which the chemical and physical properties of the plant fibre are among the most important. Estimation of microbial yield and fermentation rate can be obtained from in vitro experiments, which combine gas production and substrate degradability measurements and/or use microbial markers. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different fibre sources on microbial protein synthesis in a batch culture system in vitro.

In vitro techniques to replace in vivo methods for estimating amino acid supply

1998 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. 131-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Hvelplund ◽  
M. R. Weisbjerg
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Microbial Protein ◽  
Microbial Protein Synthesis ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Intestinal Digestibility ◽  
Protein Degradability

Abstract Expressing the protein value of a food involves measurements of several of its characteristics. Many in vivo studies have shown, that the protein degradability in the rumen varies substantially both between and within foods and therefore estimation of protein degradability in the rumen is an important task in protein evaluation. The most common method used has been the in situ (in sacco, nylon bag) method but many in vitro methods have been introduced and are based on use of either buffer solubility, chemical methods, rumen fluid or enzymes. None of these in vitro methods has proven to be of general use. In further development of in vitro methods as well as the in situ method a major problem is lack of a set of samples with a ‘true’ in vivo degradability which can be used for calibration of alternative methods. Microbial protein synthesis in the rumen has to be related to food characteristics which can be analysed easily. In vitro methods which can predict organic matter digestibility in foods are available and can be used to predict microbial protein synthesis in the rumen. Intestinal digestibility of undegraded dietary protein varies substantially both between and within foods and easy methods to estimate intestinal digestibility are therefore essential. The mobile bag method is easy to use and seems to give reliable results on most foods but requires access to duodenal cannulated animals which prevents this method from being routine. Alternative in vitro methods have been developed but further research is required for validation of these methods on a wide range of foods before they can be accepted for general use.

scholarly journals Effect of polyethylene glycol on in vitro degradability ofnitrogen and microbial protein synthesis fromtannin-rich browse and herbaceous legumes

2000 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Getachew ◽  
H. P. S. Makkar ◽  
K. Becker
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Polyethylene Glycol ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Percentage Increase ◽  
Microbial Protein ◽  
Binding Agent ◽  
Microbial Protein Synthesis ◽  
Herbaceous Legumes

Determination of microbial degradability of N is important in formulating a sound supplementation strategy for efficient utilisation of basal as well as supplementary diet components. In vitro degradability of N (IVDN) from tannin-containing browses (Acacia cyanophylla, Acacia albida, Acioa barteri and Quercus ilex) and two herbaceous legumes (Desmodium intortum andDesmodium uncinatum) was determined using the in vitro gas-production method coupled with NH3-N measurement in the presence and absence of a tannin-binding agent (polyethylene glycol (PEG), molecular mass 6000). Addition of PEG to tannin-containing feeds significantly (P < 0·05) increased in vitro gas and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production, and IVDN. The use of PEG as a tannin-binding agent increased IVDN from 28 to 59, 32 to 72, 19 to 40, 32 to 73, 40 to 80, and 26 to 77 % in A. cyanophylla, A. albida, A. barteri, D. intortum,D. uncinatum and Q. ilexrespectively. There was significant correlation between total phenolic compounds (total phenol, TP; total tannin, TT) in leguminous forages and percentage increase in IVDN on addition of PEG (P < 0·05; R2 0·70 and 0·82 for TP and TT respectively). The difference in IVDN observed in the absence and presence of PEG indicates the amount of protein protected from degradation in the rumen by tannins. When measured after 24 h incubation, tannin-containing feeds incubated in absence of PEG resulted in higher microbial protein synthesis than in the presence of PEG. Addition of PEG significantly (P < 0·05) reduced the efficiency of microbial protein synthesis expressed as μmol purine/mmol SCFA.

scholarly journals Nutritive Value, In Vitro Fermentation, and Methane Production of Cactus Cladodes, Sugarcane Bagasse, and Urea

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1266
Author(s):  
Michelle Siqueira ◽  
Juana Chagas ◽  
João Paulo Monnerat ◽  
Carolina Monteiro ◽  
Robert Mora-Luna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Sugarcane Bagasse ◽  
Water Intake ◽  
Methane Production ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Ingestive Behavior ◽  
Microbial Protein ◽  
Microbial Protein Synthesis

This study evaluated the effect of different roughages fed to sheep on nutrient and water intake, ingestive behavior, nitrogen balance, microbial protein synthesis, fermentation parameters, and methane production using an in vitro gas production system. The treatments consisted of five diets: cactus cladodes Nopalea (NUB) and Opuntia (OUB), both with the addition of sugarcane bagasse (SB) and urea/ammonium sulfate (urea/as); Tifton hay (TH); corn silage (CS); and sorghum silage (SS), also with added urea/as. The NUB provided greater (p ≤ 0.03) intakes of dry matter (1024 g/d), digestible organic matter (670 g/d), and crude protein (161 g/d) than those on the SS. The NUB provided greater (p < 0.01) dietary water intake (3023 g/d) than TH. The time spent on rumination was shorter (p < 0.01), and the idle time was longer in animals fed NUB and OUB than TH and CS. Microbial protein synthesis was not affected (p = 0.27). The final pH (6.4) of the incubation fluid and the concentration of NH3-N (39.05 mg/dL) were greater for NUB and OUB. Ruminal parameters and methane production were little or not affected by tested forages. We recommend using cactus cladodes in combination with sugarcane bagasse and urea/as in sheep diets.

Effect of glycerol in combination with alfalfa on in vitro gas production and microbial protein synthesis

2015 ◽  
Vol 95 (4) ◽  
pp. 577-588 ◽  
Author(s):  
Á. R. Alfonso-Ávila ◽  
E. Charbonneau ◽  
C. Lafrenière ◽  
R. Berthiaume
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Additional Treatment ◽  
Microbial Protein ◽  
Microbial Protein Synthesis ◽  
In Vitro Gas Production ◽  
Glycerol Utilization ◽  
Ruminal Degradation ◽  
Propionic Acid Production

Alfonso-Ávila, Á. R., Charbonneau, E., Lafrenière, C. and Berthiaume, R. 2015. Effect of glycerol in combination with alfalfa on in vitro gas production and microbial protein synthesis. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 95: 577–588. This study sought to determine the effect of added glycerol on microbial protein synthesis, ruminal degradation and utilization of alfalfa at different concentrations of nonstructural carbohydrates (NSC), using in vitro gas production. The 2×3 factorial plus one treatment consisted of oven-dried alfalfa with two NSC levels [high: 17.9 (HNSC) or low: 7.4% dry matter (DM) (LNSC)] and three glycerol treatments [control without glycerol, 15% crude glycerol (CG) and 15% pure glycerol (PG)], the additional treatment was LNSC+exogenous sugars (LNSC+ES: LNSC with 5% sucrose+5% starch). Five pre-planned contrasts were evaluated from the seven treatments: (1) HNSC vs. LNSC alfalfa; (2) with glycerol vs. without; (3) interaction of alfalfa and glycerol; (4) CG vs. PG, and; (5) LNSC+ES vs. HNSC. Gas production over 24 h was higher for HNSC than LNSC (202 vs. 179 mL g−1 DM) and with glycerol than without glycerol (202.2 vs. 168 mL g−1 DM). A decrease in the acetate:propionate ratio was observed for HNSC compared with LNSC (2.87 vs. 3.27) and for the addition of glycerol vs. no glycerol (2.78 vs. 3.65). Reduced microbial mass (185.5 vs. 240.5 mg g−1 DM) was observed for CG compared with PG. The LNSC+ES treatment had lower microbial protein synthesis and propionic acid production in relation to HNSC. No significant interaction was observed between the effect of NSC content of alfalfa and glycerol utilization. When effects were studied separately, results indicate that increasing NSC in alfalfa stimulates the synthesis of microbial protein. Also, the addition of glycerol promotes the synthesis of glucose precursors. Finally, the type of glycerol has an impact on results obtained suggesting caution when extrapolating results for PG to CG.

Concentrate foods: is all degraded organic matter fermented?

1998 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. 262-263
Author(s):  
S. Fakhri ◽  
A. R. Moss ◽  
D. I. Givens ◽  
E. Owen
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Microbial Protein ◽  
Atp Production ◽  
Microbial Protein Synthesis ◽  
End Products

The in situ and in vitro techniques have been adopted to estimate the degradability of organic matter (OM) in the rumen on the basis that this provides an estimate of ATP for microbial protein synthesis. However this assumption may be incorrect since ATP production requires the fermentation of degraded carbohydrate and Beever (1993) has shown that some degraded hexose can be used synthetically without ATP production. In addition, degraded OM from protein is likely to produce less ATP than the same amount of degraded carbohydrate. The gas production (GP) technique measures end products of fermentation and may be a better guide to ATP production. On the assumption that the in situ and in vitro techniques provide satisfactory estimation of OM degradability, the work discussed here used the GP technique to estimate the effective unfermentable OM fraction of the degraded OM (EUFDOM) for a range of concentrate foods.

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