scholarly journals “Not a Particularly Happy Expression”: “Malayanization” and the China Threat in Britain's Late-Colonial Southeast Asian Territories

2019 ◽  
Vol 78 (4) ◽  
pp. 789-808
Author(s):  
Jeremy E. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Perceived Threat ◽  
Colonial State ◽  
Cultural Workers ◽  
Chinese Nationalism ◽  
Rise Of China ◽  
China Threat ◽  
Happy Expression ◽  
The Rise Of China

Drawing on archival sources in Britain, Singapore, Malaysia, and the United States, this article explores late-colonial anxieties about the influence of Chinese nationalism in Malaya (and especially among students in Chinese-medium schools) in the lead up to self-government in 1957. It demonstrates that the colonial fear of communism in Malaya was not always synonymous with the fear of cultural influence from “new China” and that the “rise of China” in the mid-1950s was viewed as a challenge to colonially sanctioned programs for “Malayanization.” More importantly, in exploring some of the ways in which the colonial state mobilized anti-communist cultural workers from Hong Kong to help counter the perceived threat from China, the article argues that more focus should be placed on the role of colonial agency in shaping “Sinophone” cultural expression in Southeast Asia during this period.

The Rise of China in Asia

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshihide Soeya
Keyword(s):  
Natural Extension ◽  
The United States ◽  
Central Place ◽  
Major Power ◽  
Dual Nature ◽  
China’S Rise ◽  
Chinese Nationalism ◽  
Rise Of China ◽  
China's Rise ◽  
The Rise Of China

The complexity of China’s rise is well expressed in its aspiration for “a new model of major power relations,” which simultaneously seeks a peaceful coexistence with the United States and a new Asian order with a strong China back in its traditional, central place. Japan is situated at the nexus of this dual nature of China’s rise. This is a natural extension of Deng Xiaoping’s strategy, which used courageous open-door and reform policies and the emphasis on the modern history of humiliation as new sources of legitimacy and unity. Recently, amid a worsening vicious cycle compounded by the phenomenon of a “normalizing” Japan and the aggravation of Chinese nationalism, the “Senkaku/Diaoyu” dispute has come to signify a virtual clash of paradigms over preferred regional orders. In the coming years, a strategy of cooperation with China’s neighbors is needed for Japan with a long-term view of coexisting peacefully with China.

Geopolitics, Nationalism, and Foreign Direct Investment: Perceptions of the China Threat and American Public Attitudes toward Chinese FDI

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 495-518
Author(s):  
Ka Zeng ◽  
Xiaojun Li
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Public Attitudes ◽  
The United States ◽  
Host Countries ◽  
Mediation Analyses ◽  
Rise Of China ◽  
China Threat ◽  
The Rise Of China ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The rapid increase in recent years of Chinese outbound foreign direct investment (FDI) has prompted growing scholarly interest in its economic and political implications for host countries. However, relatively little attention has been paid to how concerns over the rise of China may shape public attitudes towards such investment. This article tests the link between threat perception and preferences for FDI in the United States. We argue that, due to heightened geopolitical concerns and nationalism, perceptions of the China threat negatively affect how the American public views the impact of incoming Chinese FDI. Using a survey experiment, we show that respondents are indeed less likely to support Chinese FDI when primed with information that highlights the security and economic threats posed by China than when they receive no such priming. Furthermore, causal mediation analyses reveal that the treatment effects of security and economic threats are mediated by respondents’ concerns about the challenges that Chinese FDI poses to national security as well as to American economy.

EUROPEAN INTEGRATION: PROJECT IN AN ERA OF CHANGE AND ITS REFLECTION IN WESTERN LITERATURE

2021 ◽  
pp. 44-67
Author(s):  
Tatiana Fadeeva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
European Integration ◽  
Soft Power ◽  
The United States ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Western Literature ◽  
Leadership Strategy ◽  
Rise Of China ◽  
Integration Project ◽  
The Rise Of China

The article is devoted to the project of European integration in the context of the problems of globalization of the 21 st century, widely covered in Western literature. The process of globalization in a multipolar world, the decline in the role of the United States, the rise of China, the strengthening of Russia, and the stagnation of the economy are aptly characterized in Western literature as «global disorder» and «global turbulence». In the European Union itself, the unifying tendencies (the expansion of the number of member states) were replaced by a slowdown in the process of deepening («Europe at different speeds»), the strengthening of centrifugal forces, the positions of Eurosceptics, nationalist and populist movements. The democratic deficit and immigration problems are sharply criticized. In the context of «global turbulence» or «global disorder», the need to preserve the EU's «autonomy», its own leadership strategy, so-called «soft power», again comes to the fore.

Germany: From Civilian Power to a Geo-economic Shaping Power

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 38-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen F. Szabo
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
The United States ◽  
Economic Interests ◽  
Export Sector ◽  
Policy Paradigm ◽  
Rise Of China ◽  
Shaping Power ◽  
The Rise Of China ◽  
Trump Administration

Germany has become a geo-economic power since its unification in 1990. Its foreign policy agenda has been shaped by its economic interests and the role of its export sector. Nevertheless, Russian actions in Ukraine and elsewhere in Europe combined with the accession of the Trump Administration in the United States and the rise of China have resulted in a transition in the foreign policy paradigm toward Germany as a shaping power and more of a geopolitical actor which has to balance its economic interests with the new strategic challenges of a newly unstable Europe.

scholarly journals Future of US-China Relations: Conflict, Competition or Cooperation?

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Syed Muhammad Saad Zaidi ◽  
Adam Saud
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
International Relations ◽  
The United States ◽  
Great Powers ◽  
Political Agenda ◽  
Eastern Hemisphere ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Future ◽  
Rise Of China ◽  
The Rise Of China

In contemporary times, the geo-political agenda and geo-economic strategy of the world is being dominated by the ongoing US-China hegemonic competition. Where the United States is trying to prolong the ‘unipolar moment’ and deter the rise of China; China is trying to establish itself as the hegemon in the Eastern hemisphere, an alternate to the US. The entirely opposite interests of the two Great Powers have initiated a hostile confrontational competition for domination. This paper seeks to determine the future nature of the US-China relations; will history repeat itself and a bloody war be fought to determine the leader of the pack? or another prolonged Cold War will be fought, which will end when one side significantly weakens and collapses? Both dominant paradigms of International Relations, Realism and Liberalism, are used to analyze the future nature of the US-China relations.

scholarly journals The U.S.-China technological war through the prism of techno-nationalism

2021 ◽  
pp. 29-43
Author(s):  
I. Danilin
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
The United States ◽  
Market Situation ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Rise Of China ◽  
The Rise Of China ◽  
The U.S

The “technological war” between the United States and China that started in 2017–2018 raises a number of questions about the future role of technological development as a factor in relations between superpowers. Analysis shows that for the United States this conflict is caused by changing balance of risks and benefits of the liberal model of globalization due to the rise of China`s power and growing geopolitical tensions between the two nations. In this context, emerging, especially digital, technologies appear to be a new battlefield between superpowers. Within the realist framework, actors consider emerging technologies as a key factor for strengthening their global postures. This, among other things, contributes to securitized technological agenda and strengthens its geopolitical dimension. Neo-technonationalism has become the platform that integrates different processes and goals into new U.S. policy. Although historically neo-technonationalism took its roots in Asia, the evolving market situation prompted the United States to rethink existing approaches and to upgrade the techno-nationalist dimension of its policy. Considering similar policies of China and the EU (i. e. the European digital sovereignty policy), this trend shapes new realities of technological “blocs”, the struggle for expansion of technological platforms, and technological conflicts. Taking into account prospective development needs of the global economy and future specification of mutual interest areas, as new digital technologies mature, the ground for normalizing the dialogue between the superpowers will emerge. However, at least in the U.S.–China case, this issue will be complicated by geopolitical contradictions that leave little room for any serious compromise.

Strategy on the Upward Slope

2021 ◽  
pp. 456-473
Author(s):  
Joshua Shifrinson
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Grand Strategy ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Rise Of China ◽  
Upward Slope ◽  
Grand Strategies ◽  
The Rise Of China ◽  
Substantial Interest ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
New Framework

When a great power rises, what strategies does it adopt and why? Despite substantial interest in these questions due to concerns surrounding the rise of China and concomitant decline of the United States, research on rising state grand strategy remains underdeveloped. Not only do analysts lack a consistent way of describing how risers’ grand strategies vary, but insight into the drivers of rising state strategy remains inchoate. Accordingly, this chapter analyzes existing research, highlights the problems rising states confront in crafting grand strategy, advances a new framework for discussing strategy, and suggests avenues for future research.

Introduction

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul K. MacDonald ◽  
Joseph M. Parent
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
International Politics ◽  
Value Added ◽  
The United States ◽  
Central Question ◽  
Policy Debates ◽  
Rise Of China ◽  
Grand Strategies ◽  
The Rise Of China

This chapter asks the central question, outlines the three main arguments, and explains the value added of the work. It underscores why the question matters to theories of international politics and policy debates on the rise of China and the decline of the United States. It also defines decline and retrenchment,relates retrenchment to a spectrum of grand strategies, and provides a map of the rest of the book.

Domestic Politics and Nationalism in East Asian Security

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Randall L. Schweller
Keyword(s):  
East Asia ◽  
Domestic Politics ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Primary Factor ◽  
Security Policies ◽  
Asian Security ◽  
Rise Of China ◽  
East Asian Security ◽  
The Rise Of China

This chapter works within the neoclassical realist tradition to examine the role of nationalism in foreign policymaking and the implication for the international politics of East Asia. Whereas the rise of China is an important structural factor necessarily affecting states' security policies throughout East Asia, China's rise does not determine these states' security policies. Rather, domestic politics ultimately determines how a state responds to changing security circumstances. In particular, nationalism can drive states to adopt more belligerent policies than warranted by their strategic environment, thus contributing to heightened bilateral conflicts and regional tension. The chapter argues that, in contemporary East Asia, rising China sets the context of policymaking, but domestic politics has been the primary factor shaping policy.

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