Bedtimes and Sleep Duration in Relation to Smoking Behaviour in 14-year-old English Schoolchildren

1988 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 371-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. D. M. Macgregor ◽  
J. W. Balding
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Secondary Schools ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Old English ◽  
Smoking Behaviour ◽  
Smoking Habits ◽  
Adolescent Smokers ◽  
Time In Bed

SummaryData from a survey of 3727 14-year-old children from 31 secondary schools in England in 1984–85 were analysed to obtain information about smoking habits, bedtimes and times of rising in the morning, on a weekday during school term. Subjects completed a questionnaire, anonymously, in class. Twenty percent of respondents reported that they currently smoked cigarettes. Smokers went to bed significantly later, and spent significantly less time in bed, than non-smokers. Twice as many smokers as non-smokers went to bed at or after 22.30, went to bed after midnight, and spent 7·5 hr or less in bed. Possibly, some adolescent smokers may be at risk from loss of sleep.

scholarly journals Associations between objectively measured physical activity, sedentary behaviour and time in bed among 75+ community-dwelling Danish older adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Li-Tang Tsai ◽  
Eleanor Boyle ◽  
Jan C. Brønd ◽  
Gry Kock ◽  
Mathias Skjødt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Sedentary Behavior ◽  
Sedentary Behaviour ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Time In Bed ◽  
Objectively Measured ◽  
Objectively Measured Physical Activity ◽  
Vector Magnitude

Abstract Background Older adults are recommended to sleep 7–8 h/day. Time in bed (TIB) differs from sleep duration and includes also the time of lying in bed without sleeping. Long TIB (≥9 h) are associated with self-reported sedentary behavior, but the association between objectively measured physical activity, sedentary behavior and TIB is unknown. Methods This study was based on cross-sectional analysis of the Healthy Ageing Network of Competence (HANC Study). Physical activity and sedentary behaviour were measured by a tri-axial accelerometer (ActiGraph) placed on the dominant wrist for 7 days. Sedentary behavior was classified as < 2303 counts per minute (cpm) in vector magnitude and physical activity intensities were categorized, as 2303–4999 and ≥ 5000 cpm in vector magnitude. TIB was recorded in self-reported diaries. Participants were categorized as UTIB (usually having TIB 7–9 h/night: ≥80% of measurement days), STIB (sometimes having TIB 7–9 h/night: 20–79% of measurement days), and RTIB (rarely having TIB 7–9 h/night: < 20% of measurement days). Multinominal regression models were used to calculate the relative risk ratios (RRR) of being RTIB and STIB by daily levels of physical activity and SB, with UTIB as the reference group. The models were adjusted for age, sex, average daily nap length and physical function. Results Three hundred and fourty-one older adults (median age 81 (IQR 5), 62% women) were included with median TIB of 8 h 21 min (1 h 10 min)/day, physical activity level of 2054 (864) CPM with 64 (15) % of waking hours in sedentary behavior. Those with average CPM within the highest tertile had a lower RRR (0.33 (0.15–0.71), p = 0.005) for being RTIB compared to those within the lowest tertile of average CPM. Accumulating physical activity in intensities 2303–4999 and ≥ 5000 cpm/day did not affect the RRR of being RTIB. RRR of being RTIB among highly sedentary participants (≥10 h/day of sedentary behavior) more than tripled compared to those who were less sedentary (3.21 (1.50–6.88), p = 0.003). Conclusions For older adults, being physically active and less sedentary was associated with being in bed for 7–9 h/night for most nights (≥80%). Future longitudinal studies are warranted to explore the causal relationship sbetween physical activity and sleep duration.

scholarly journals Personality Traits and Insomnia Symptoms in Shift Workers

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brigitte Holzinger ◽  
Lucille Mayer ◽  
Gerhard Klösch
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Total Sleep Time ◽  
Sleep Time ◽  
Work Schedule ◽  
Shift Workers ◽  
Time In Bed ◽  
Shift Schedules ◽  
Insomnia Symptoms

The discrepancy between natural sleep-wake rhythm and actual sleep times in shift workers can cause sleep loss and negative daytime consequences. Irregular shift schedules do not follow a fixed structure and change frequently, which makes them particularly harmful and makes affected individuals more susceptible to insomnia. The present study compares insomnia symptoms of non-shift workers, regular shift workers, and irregular shift workers and takes into account the moderating role of the Big Five personality traits and levels of perfectionism. Employees of an Austrian railway company completed an online survey assessing shift schedules, sleep quality and duration, daytime sleepiness, and personality traits. A total of 305 participants, of whom 111 were non-shift workers, 60 regular shift workers, and 134 irregular shift workers, made up the final sample. Irregular shift workers achieved significantly worse scores than one or both of the other groups in time in bed, total sleep time, sleep efficiency, sleep duration, sleep quality, sleep latency, and the number of awakenings. However, the values of the irregular shifts workers are still in the average range and do not indicate clinical insomnia. Participants working regular shifts reported the best sleep quality and longest sleep duration and showed the least nocturnal awakenings, possibly due to higher conscientiousness- and lower neuroticism scores in this group. Agreeableness increased the effect of work schedule on total sleep time while decreasing its effect on the amount of sleep medication taken. Perfectionism increased the effect of work schedule on time in bed and total sleep time. Generalization of results is limited due to the high percentage of males in the sample and using self-report measures only.

scholarly journals The Relationship between Nutritional Status, Sleep Duration, Stress Level with Blood Pressure of Nurse Night Shift in the Hospital: Cohort Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
Salmawati Salmawati ◽  
Ari Natalia Probandari ◽  
Sapja Anantanyu
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Stress Level ◽  
Night Shift ◽  
Anthropometric Measurement ◽  
Short Sleep Duration ◽  
Stress Levels ◽  
The Relationship

Objective: Hypertension as a cardiovascular disease occurs due to an uncontrolled increase in blood pressure. Night shift nurses with more overweight, short sleep duration, and excessive stress levels are at risk of increase blood pressure. This study aims to analyze how the relationship between obesity, nutritional status, sleep duration and stress level influence the blood pressure of the night shift nurses.Materials and methods: The subjects in this study were night shift nurses in four hospitals. The dependent variable was blood pressure and the independent variables were nutritional status, sleep duration, and stress levels. This study was an observational analysis with a perspective cohort design in which the subjects were 312 night shift nurses. Nutritional status were identified from Body Mass Index (BMI) through anthropometric measurement, sleep duration by looking at average hours of sleep during the night service, stress levels through the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10) questionnaire. Blood pressure was measured using a mercury sphygmomanometer. Data were analyzed by Chi-square test and Logistic Regression.Results and Discussion: There was a significant relationship between nutritional status, sleep duration, and stress levels with blood pressure. The results of the multivariate analysis showed that the shift nurses with overweight (obesity) nutritional status are at a risk of having disorder 1.97 times, the shift nurses with sleep duration < 6 hours are at risk of having disorder 3.78 times and shift nurses with intermediate stress level at risk of having disorder 2.08 times with enhancement blood pressure.Conclusion: There is a relationship between nutritional status, sleep duration and stress level with blood pressure. Sleep duration mostly influences the blood pressure.International Journal of Human and Health Sciences Vol. 04 No. 01 January’20 Page : 55-59

Nocturnal Sleep–Wake Parameters of Adolescents at Home Following Cancer Chemotherapy

2011 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 236-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy J. Walker ◽  
Kyle P. Johnson ◽  
Christine Miaskowski ◽  
Vivian Gedaly-Duff
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Cancer Chemotherapy ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Sleep Diary ◽  
Nocturnal Sleep ◽  
Wake Time ◽  
Targeted Interventions ◽  
Time In Bed ◽  
Wrist Actigraphy ◽  
At Home

Purpose: The purpose of this descriptive, longitudinal study was to describe objective nocturnal sleep–wake parameters of adolescents at home after receiving chemotherapy in the hospital or outpatient clinic and explore differences in sleep variables by age, gender, and corticosteroid use. Methods: We collected 7 days of wrist actigraphy and sleep diary data from 48 adolescents (10–19 years) who were receiving cancer chemotherapy for a primary or secondary cancer or a relapse. The actigraphic sleep variables included rest interval (i.e., time in bed), sleep onset, sleep offset, sleep duration, total sleep time (TST), wake after sleep onset (WASO), and %WASO. Results: Of the 48 adolescents, 38 had at least five nights of scored actigraphy and were included in analyses. Older (13–18 years) adolescents went to bed later and had fewer minutes of TST than younger adolescents (10–12 years). Exploratory analyses revealed no differences between adolescents who were taking oral corticosteroids (i.e., prednisone, dexamethasone) and those who were not or between males and females. Conclusion: These adolescents had sleep durations that met or exceeded the recommended sleep duration for their age groups but experienced significant WASO. Further research is needed to estimate sleep needs of adolescents during chemotherapy and determine factors that contribute to nocturnal wake-time so that targeted interventions can be designed to improve sleep quality.

Consecutive Days of Racing Does Not Affect Sleep in Professional Road Cyclists

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Charli Sargent ◽  
Shona L. Halson ◽  
David T. Martin ◽  
Gregory D. Roach
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Activity Monitors ◽  
Sleep Diaries ◽  
Time In Bed ◽  
Road Cycling ◽  
Offset Time ◽  
The Impact

Purpose: Professional road cycling races are physiologically demanding, involving successive days of racing over 1 to 3 weeks of competition. Anecdotal evidence indicates that cyclists’ sleep duration either increases or deteriorates during these competitions. However, sleep duration in professional cyclists during stage races has not been assessed. This study examined the amount/quality of sleep obtained by 14 professional cyclists competing in the Australian Tour Down Under. Methods: Sleep was assessed using wrist activity monitors and self-report sleep diaries on the night prior to start of the race and on each night during the race. The impact of each day of the race on sleep onset, sleep offset, time in bed, sleep duration, and wake duration was assessed using separate linear mixed effects models. Results: During the race, cyclists obtained an average of 6.8 (0.9) hours of sleep between 23:30 and 07:27 hours and spent 13.9% (4.7%) of time in bed awake. Minor differences in sleep onset (P = .023) and offset times (P ≤.001) were observed during the week of racing, but these did not affect the amount of sleep obtained by cyclists. Interestingly, the 3 best finishers in the general classification obtained more sleep than the 3 worst finishers (7.2 [0.3] vs 6.7 [0.3] h; P = .049). Conclusions: Contrary to anecdotal reports, the amount of sleep obtained by cyclists did not change over the course of the 1-week race and was just below the recommended target of 7 to 9 hours for adults.

scholarly journals 0409 The Efficacy of Afternoon-Evening Sleep Following Night Shifts on Sleep and Alertness in Nurses with Rotating Shift Work Schedule: Real World Data

SLEEP ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A156-A157
Author(s):  
J Kim ◽  
S Han ◽  
S Kim ◽  
J Duffy
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Shift Work ◽  
Total Sleep Time ◽  
Sleep Time ◽  
Hospital Nurses ◽  
Sleep Timing ◽  
Time In Bed ◽  
Shift Schedules ◽  
Sleep Schedule ◽  
Night Shifts

Abstract Introduction The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of changing sleep timing to afternoon-evening following nightshifts in hospital nurses with three rapid rotating shift schedules. Methods Hospital nurses with three rotating shift schedules were enrolled for a 1-month pre-intervention and a 1-month intervention study. During the Intervention, sleep timing following nightshifts was directed to afternoon-evening sleep for 8h time-in-bed (TIB) after 1 PM, and ad-lib sleep schedule for other shifts. Baseline and follow-up evaluation included sleep schedule, sleep duration, Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS), insomnia severity index (ISI) for each shift, Beck depression inventory (BDI), and Beck anxiety inventory (BAI). Sleep was assessed by sleep diary and actigraphy. Alertness during the night shift was evaluated using the Karolinska sleepiness scale (KSS) in the beginning and at the end of the shift by texts sent to their cell phones. The participants were asked to give feedback and a willingness to continue this intervention. Results A total of 26 subjects (30.7±8.5years, 25 female) finished the study among 29 nurses who participated in the study. The shift work was 6.5±8.0years. The mean morningness-eveningness scale was 42.1±8.0(31-62). TIB following nightshifts were 379.9±91.2 and 478.4±48.7 min for preintervention and intervention, respectively (p=0.001). Total sleep time (TST) was 328.0±91.0 vs. 361.0±70.4min, respectively following nightshifts (p=0.187, Cohen’s drm = 0.467). BDI, BAI, ESS, and ISI were significantly improved after the intervention. 60.7% and 49% of the participants reported improved alertness, and work efficiency during the nightshift. 17.9% and 42.9% of the participants reported increased sleep duration, and improved sleep quality after nightshift, respectively. Only eight participants were willing to continue the afternoon-evening sleep schedule following night shifts. KSS was not different between pre-intervention and intervention. Conclusion The afternoon-evening sleep schedule modestly increased total sleep time following nightshift. The overall mood, sleepiness and insomnia scale improved after the intervention although the alertness assessed by KSS failed to show the difference. The individual difference should be considered for applying afternoon-evening sleep for rapid rotating shift schedules. Support 2018 Research award grants from the Korean sleep research society and NRF-2019R1A2C1090643 funded by the Korean national research foundation

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