Fertility differentials of Japanese agricultural settlers in eastern Boliveia

1979 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Kashiwazaki
Keyword(s):  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Immigrant Women ◽  
Religious Affiliation ◽  
Educational Status ◽  
Agricultural System ◽  
Fertility Variation ◽  
Fertility Differentials ◽  
Place Of Origin ◽  
Nagasaki Prefecture ◽  
Religious Differences

SummaryFertility variation in Japanese agricultural immigrant women in Bolivia is examined by birth cohort, educational status, religious affiliation, the agricultural system of their households, and prefectural origin in Japan. Only the place of origin in Japan makes a singnificant contribution to variations in fertiligy; higher fertility was found among the women from the Nagasaki prefecture. The results suggest that fertility differentials in this community represent the survival of different fertility norms from the area of origin, which are not due to educational and religious differences.

Decomposing the Effect of Women Educational Status on Fertility Across the Six Geo-political Zones in Nigeria: 2003-2018

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tubosun Alex Olowolafe
Keyword(s):  
Educational Status ◽  
Fertility Rate ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
High Fertility ◽  
Age At First Birth ◽  
Fertility Level ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
North East ◽  
Fertility Variation ◽  
Fertility Differentials

Abstract Background: High level of fertility has been consistently reported in Nigeria. Women education is often identified as one of the important factors that have contributed to reduction in fertility across countries. It is essential to identify the factors that explain the fertility variation in educational status and know the extent of association of these factors across the regions in Nigeria. Thus, this study aimed to examine the fertility differentials among uneducated and educated women in Nigeria.Methods: A cross-sectional population-based design which involved secondary data analyses of the weighted sample of 2003 (n1=7620), 2008 (n2=33385), 2013 (n3=38948) and 2018 (n4=41821) Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey data sets was used. Fertility was measured from information on the full births history of women aged 15-49 years. Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition was used to identify factors that explain fertility differentials among educated and not educate women (α=0.05).Result: Total fertility rate estimate was higher among uneducated women (6.7) than educated women (4.5) in 2018. The pattern was similar across the regions and survey periods. The mean children ever born among women aged 45-49 years was significantly higher among the uneducated than educated women in each of the survey year. Maternal age at first marriage, wealth index and age at first birth were contributory factors to the dissimilarities found in fertility between the educated and uneducated women. Risk difference (RD) of high fertility between uneducated-educated women was highest in South-East (RD=56.9; 95%CI=49.1-64.8) and least in North-East (RD=15.0; 95%CI=9.9-20.1).Conclusion: The fertility level in Nigeria was high but more prominent among the uneducated than educated. Improving the level of educational enrolment of women of reproductive age will facilitate reduction in the fertility rate in Nigeria.

scholarly journals The Intergenerational Transmission of Female Labour Force Participation by Gender among Native and Immigrant Europeans: A Focus on Religion

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuela Stranges
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Labor Force ◽  
Intergenerational Transmission ◽  
Labor Force Participation ◽  
Immigrant Women ◽  
Religious Affiliation ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Labour Force Participation ◽  
Female Labor Force Participation ◽  
Female Labor

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to explore the intergenerational transmission of female labor force participation from mothers to children. Using data collected by the European Social Survey from 2002 to 2018 (N = 118,219), we analyse four different samples of native and immigrant women and men in order to assess the relationship between working mothers and their daughters and sons' wives participation to the labour market. For both native and immigrant women, having had their mothers employed when the respondents were 14 was associated with higher probability they were employed at the time of survey. Similarly, for both native and immigrant men, having had their mothers employed when the respondents were 14 was associated with higher probability their wives were employed at the time of the survey. We concentrate our attention on the role of religion. We find that religiosity is negatively related to the participation of women in the labour market, with differences between those who had a working mother and those who had not. Results of some augmented models indicate that the intergenerational transmission of female labor force participation varies according to religious affiliation.

Looking for Thistles in Stone Gardens: The Cemeteries of Nova Scotia’s Scottish Immigrants1

2020 ◽  
pp. 81-107
Author(s):  
Laurie Stanley-Blackwell ◽  
Michael Linkletter
Keyword(s):  
Language Use ◽  
New Meanings ◽  
Visual Dimension ◽  
Place Of Origin ◽  
Christian Iconography ◽  
Religious Differences

By focusing on the burial sites of northeastern Nova Scotia’s Scottish immigrants, this article demonstrates that their cemeteries were varied and complex places, which defy a uniform reading.  An analysis of such metrics as Gaelic language use, stated place of origin (i.e., parish, county, Scotland or North Britain), prevalence of thistle images and Christian iconography gives a verbal and visual dimension to the discussion of whether death was a catalyst for conformist expression among Scottish immigrants and whether they opted for pictorial or linguistic signifiers of identity. In their cemeteries, Scottishness was negotiated, new meanings of belonging forged, status aspirations articulated, and religious differences spatially enforced. It is in their last resting places that one sees vividly displayed the forces of change and continuity, tradition and innovation, and retention and adjustment, which reshaped their lives and deaths as immigrants.

DENOMINATIONAL AFFILIATION AND FERTILITY BEHAVIOUR IN AN AFRICAN CONTEXT: AN EXAMINATION OF COUPLE DATA FROM GHANA

2008 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 445-458 ◽  
Author(s):  
STEPHEN OBENG GYIMAH ◽  
BAFFOUR TAKYI ◽  
ERIC YEBOAH TENKORANG
Keyword(s):  
Religious Affiliation ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Fertility Behaviour ◽  
Sample Data ◽  
African Context ◽  
Lower Fertility ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Religious Differences

SummaryAlthough studies have examined religious differences in fertility in sub-Saharan Africa, it is argued in this paper that using women-only sample data may be conceptually problematic in patriarchal African societies where the influence of husbands on their wives’ reproductive preferences is paramount. The present study contributes to this discourse by examining the relationship between religion and fertility behaviour using matched-couple data from Ghana. Guided by the ‘religious values’ and ‘characteristics’ hypotheses, the results indicate significant religious differences in fertility. Compared with Traditionalists, Christians and Muslims have lower fertility, albeit these differences diminish significantly after controlling for socioeconomic variables. The impact of wife’s religious denomination on marital fertility is attenuated after controlling for husband’s religious affiliation. Also, fertility was found to be higher if couples belong to the same faith compared with those of different faiths.

Latvijas pareizticīgās baznīcas darbība 20. gadsimta 20.–30. gados Ziemeļkurzemes nostūrī: Kolkasraga un Dundagas draudžu piemērs

2021 ◽  
pp. 47-54
Author(s):  
Dzintars Ērglis
Keyword(s):  
Religious Affiliation ◽  
Living Conditions ◽  
Orthodox Church ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Family Level ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Close Contacts ◽  
Religious Differences

The article is dedicated to the activities of the small Orthodox congregations of Kolkasrags and Dundaga during the 1920-1930's. The reflection and analysis of problems encountered by both congregations is based on archival documents and periodicals of the Latvian Orthodox Church. The main problems faced by the congregations were rather similar: lack of funds, absence of priests and frequent replacement of priests. In Dundaga, as it is a larger Latvian parish centre, the living conditions were much better than in Kolka, and it is a reason why Dundaga parish was also wealthier. However, the congregations of both parishes could not freely proceed with their economic activities without a special permission of the Synod, and in 1940 all deposits were irreversibly lost. Neither in Kolka nor Dundaga the religious differences were an obstacle to the close contacts at a family level, and religious affiliation of people did not cause any serious conflicts.

scholarly journals Female Genital Mutilation in Nigeria: A Persisting Challenge for Women’s Rights

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 244
Author(s):  
Sanni Yaya ◽  
Bishwajit Ghose
Keyword(s):  
Female Genital Mutilation ◽  
Religious Affiliation ◽  
Educational Status ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Household Wealth ◽  
Demographic And Health Surveys ◽  
Sampling Weights ◽  
Genital Mutilation ◽  
Traditional Practitioners ◽  
Female Genital

Although considered a violation of human rights, female genital mutilation (FGM) is a commonly accepted practice in Nigeria in the ritual and sociocultural context of the population. In recent years, there have been strong policy actions by Nigerian legislature to curb this practice. Despite that, FGM continues to be a widespread phenomenon. In this study, we aimed to report on the prevalence of FGM, women’s attitude towards this practice, and its association with selected sociodemographic factors. Methods: Nigeria Demographic and Health Surveys conducted in 2003, 2008 and 2013 provided the data for this study. The participants were married women aged between 15 and 49 years. Owing to the clustered nature of the data, a complex survey plan was created to account for cluster effects and sampling weights. Data were analysed using bivariate and multivariate regression techniques. Results: Overall prevalence of FGM was 38.9% (95% CI = 36.4–40.1), and that among their daughters was 17.4% (95% CI = 15.3–19.7). There has been a substantial increase in the prevalence of FGM in 2013 compared to its 2003 level. Respondents who had undergone circumcision were more likely to have their daughters circumcised. In all three surveys, almost all of the circumcisions were performed by traditional practitioners. In the regression analysis, respondent’s age, area and region of residency, religious affiliation, educational status, and household wealth appeared to be significant predictors of FGM. Conclusion: In Nigeria, FGM remains a widely prevalent phenomenon with an increasing number of women experiencing this practice. Important regional and socioeconomic disparities were observed in the prevalence which merit urgent policy attention.

Religious affiliation and fertility in Liberia

1994 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 493-507 ◽  
Author(s):  
Konia T. Kollehlon
Keyword(s):  
Health Survey ◽  
Religious Affiliation ◽  
Married Women ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Demographic And Health Survey ◽  
Religious Groups ◽  
Fertility Differentials ◽  
Competing Hypotheses

SummaryThis study examines fertility differentials by religious affiliation in Liberia, within the context of two competing hypotheses: the characteristic and particularised theology. Using a subsample of currently married women from the 1986 Liberian Demographic and Health Survey, the study examines the fertility of five religious groups: Catholic, Protestant, Moslem, traditional, and other women. Overall, the findings are more consistent with the characteristic hypothesis, because the small fertility differentials by religious affiliation are largely accounted for by differences in the socioeconomic and demographic characteristics of these women.

Differential Fertility by Religious Group in Rural Sierra Leone

1986 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Bailey
Keyword(s):  
Sierra Leone ◽  
Religious Affiliation ◽  
Married Women ◽  
Differential Fertility ◽  
Educational Levels ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Fertility Differentials ◽  
Islam And Christianity ◽  
Children Ever Born ◽  
Living Children

SummaryThis study examines the influence of Islam and Christianity (Catholicism and Protestantism) on fertility in rural Sierra Leone. Analyses using number of children ever born and number of living children for currently married women of childbearing ages 15–49 as measures of fertility show that Muslim fertility is lower than either Catholic or Protestant fertility net of relevant demographic and socioeconomic variables.The interaction between wife's educational level and her religious affiliation was statistically significant for number of children ever born but not for number of living children. Religion is shown to be an important factor in differentiating fertility behaviour at different educational levels. Among wives with no schooling, differences in religion lead to small fertility differentials; among those with primary or higher education, the fertility differentials are substantial.

scholarly journals The Effect Of Place Of Origin On The Relative Earnings Of Immigrant Women

2010 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahi Garg ◽  
Michael C. Seeborg
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Immigrant Women ◽  
Reference Groups ◽  
Earnings Differentials ◽  
Family Characteristic ◽  
Female Immigrant ◽  
Female Immigrants ◽  
Place Of Origin ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
The U.S

This paper explores the earnings differentials between female immigrants from 14 places of origin when compared to each other and a number of other groups.   The very large differences in average earnings between female immigrant groups are found to be largely due to human capital and family characteristic differences.  The study employs OLS regression to make earnings comparisons between immigrant women from each of the 14 places of origin to three reference groups.  We find that although female immigrants from most countries are doing well relative to female natives, they fall significantly behind native males and male immigrants, even after controlling for differences in human capital.  Thus, some groups of immigrant women suffer a double disadvantage in the U.S. workforce, one due to gender and the other due to their relatively low levels of human capital.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document