Assortative mating for phenotypic characteristics in a Zapotec community in Oaxaca, Mexico

1983 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 273-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert M. Malina ◽  
Henry A. Selby ◽  
Peter H. Buschang ◽  
Wendy L. Aronson ◽  
Bertis B. Little
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Grip Strength ◽  
Assortative Mating ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Phenotypic Characteristics ◽  
Southern Mexico ◽  
High Infant Mortality ◽  
Arm Circumference ◽  
Anthropometric Characteristics ◽  
Valley Of Oaxaca

SummaryAssortative mating for age and several anthropometric characteristics is considered in a sample of 68–70 husband-wife pairs from a rural Zapotec-speaking community in the Valley of Oaxaca in southern Mexico. Conditions in the community with a population of approximately 1700 indicate chronic, mild-to-moderate undernutrition as reflected in high infant mortality rates, smaller body size of school children, and delayed biological maturation. Phenotypic assortative mating, as expressed in husband-wife correlations, is significant for age (r = 0·96), stature (r = 0·35) and grip strength (r = 0·29), but is not significant for body weight (r = 0·01), arm circumference (r = 0·07), the estimated midarm muscle circumference (r = 0·003), Quetelet's index (r = 0·02), and the ponderal index (r = 0·11). Controlling for age of husband and wife reduces the correlations for stature (r = 0·24) and grip strength (r = 0·12), but increases those for arm circumference (r = 0·21) and estimated midarm muscle circumference (r = 0·16). Grouping the spouses into younger (under 30 years of age) and older (30 years and older) results in significant spouse correlations for age, stature, arm circumference and estimated midarm muscle circumference in the younger group and for only age and fatness in the older group.

scholarly journals A study on the determination of handgrip strength of Olympic style weightlifting athletes

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 141-148
Author(s):  
Kenan Erdağı ◽  
Osman Tüfekçi ◽  
Mustafa Yeşeri ◽  
Mehmet F. Yüksel ◽  
Nimet Turgut ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Upper Extremity ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Upper Arm ◽  
Arm Circumference ◽  
Anthropometric Characteristics ◽  
Invasive Method ◽  
Hand Length

Background and Study Aim: Handgrip strength is widely accepted as a functionality parameter to assess upper extremity performance. The measurement of hand grip strength by dynamometry is a low cost, non-invasive method of simple applicability. The present study is based on the association of dominant and non-dominant handgrip strength with demographic and anthropometric characteristics; height, body weight, body mass index, upper arm length, forearm length, hand length, forearm circumference, upper arm circumference. Material and Methods: The study included 70 male athletes in olympic style weightlifting (age: 18.06±2.18, height:1.74±.06 m, body weight: 76.09±13.04 kg). A total of 70 sedentary individuals as a control group (age 18.11±.18, height:1.75±.04 m, body weight: 74.01±13.94 kg) were also taken to compare study findings. The data obtained was analyzed by SPPS for Windows, version 25. Handgrip strength measurements were obtained by a Jamar dynamometer, according to the recommendations of the American Association of Hand Therapists. Results: It was found that the values of dominant and non-dominant handgrip strength, upper arm circumference and forearm circumference length of the weightlifting athletes were higher than those of sedentary individuals (p<.001). No asymmetry was observed in dominant and non-dominant handgrip strength values of the athletes and sedentary individuals. The correlations were noted between dominant and non-dominant handgrip strength values of weightlifting athletes and demographic characteristics, some anthropometric characteristics of upper extremity and weightlifting performance. Conclusion: The variability of handgrip strength might largely be explained by some anthropometric characteristics of upper extremity.

scholarly journals Association between grip strength and anthropometric characteristics in the community-dwelling elderly population in Taiwan

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. e0260763
Author(s):  
Ming-Hsun Lin ◽  
Chun-Yung Chang ◽  
Chieh-Hua Lu ◽  
Der-Min Wu ◽  
Feng-Chih Kuo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Grip Strength ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Disease Status ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
Negatively Associated ◽  
Anthropometric Characteristics

Background Sarcopenia and muscle weakness in elderly are contributed burden of public health and impact on quality of life. Weak grip strength was key role in diagnosis of sarcopenia and reported increased mortality, function declined in elderly. This study evaluated the association between GS and each common anthropometric characteristic in community-dwelling elderly. Design and method From 2017 to 2019, we conducted a community-based health survey among the elderly in Chiayi county, Taiwan. Participants were 65 years old or older, and total of 3,739 elderly subjects (1,600 males and 2,139 females) with a mean age of 76 years (range 65–85 years old) were recruited. General demographic data and lifestyle patterns were measured using a standard questionnaire. Anthropometric characteristics such as body height, body weight, body mass index (BMI), body waist and hip circumference, and body fat were measured by standard methods. GS was measured using a digital dynamometers (TKK5101) method. Results The mean GS was 32.8 ± 7.1 kg for males and 21.6 ± 4.8 kg for females (p < 0.001). For both sexes, elderly subjects with the same body weight but smaller body waist circumference had greater GS. The subjects with the same body waist size but heavier weight had greater GS. Furthermore, after adjusting for age, lifestyles, disease status, and potential anthropometric variable, multivariate regression analyses indicated that BMI was positively associated with GS (for males, beta = 0.310 and for females beta = 0.143, both p < 0.001) and body waist was negatively associated with GS (for males, beta = −0.108, p < 0.001; for females, beta = −0.030, p = 0.061). Conclusions This study suggested that old adults with higher waist circumstance had weaker GS. Waist circumstance was negatively associated with GS, body weight was positively associated with GS in contrast. It may implies that central obesity was more important than overweight for GS in elderly.

Healthy PNPLA3 Risk Allele Carriers Present with Unexpected Body Fat Composition. A Study of One ousand Subjects

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Kempinska-Podhorodecka ◽  
Marcin Krawczyk ◽  
Marta Klak ◽  
Malgorzata Blatkiewicz ◽  
Frank Lammert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Anthropometric Characteristics ◽  
The Common ◽  
Total Fat ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Introduction: The common PNPLA3 (adiponutrin) variant p.I148M represents a major genetic driver of progression in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). NAFLD is commonly associated with traits of the metabolic syndrome, therefore it is mostly suspected in obese individuals. Here, we investigate the association between the PNPLA3 variant and anthropometric traits in a cohort of healthy individuals.Patients and methods: We recruited 1,000 (500 females; age 18 - 66 years) healthy blood donors. The PNPLA3 variant was genotyped using TaqMan assays. All individuals were phenotyped with respect to anthropometric characteristics. We also determined the percentage of total fat (F%) and active tissue (TA%) of body weight.Results: Healthy carriers of the PNPLA3 [IM] and [MM] genotypes, although not differing in height from individuals with the genotype [II], displayed significantly lower body weight and lower BMI (both P = 0.005), higher TA% (P = 0.03) but lower F% (P = 0.03) and smaller waist, chest and shin circumferences (all P < 0.05). Separate analysis for males and females demonstrated an association between the [IM] and [MM] genotypes and higher TA% but lower F% (P = 0.04) in females. In males, BMI and total weight were significantly (P = 0.04) lower among carriers of the [M] allele.Discussion: Healthy individuals carrying the prosteatotic PNPLA3 allele p.I48M may be leaner as compared to the carriers of the common allele. Hence in clinical practice they might be overlooked since they do not necessarily present with the anthropometric characteristics commonly associated with severe hepatic steatosis.Abbreviations: ATX - autotaxin; BMI - body mass index; F% - total fat of body weight in %; Fkg - total fat of body weight in kilograms; GWAS - genome-wide association study; LPA - lysophosphatidic acid; NAFLD, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; NASH - non-alcoholic steatohepatitis; PA - phosphatidic acid; PNPLA3-patatin-like phospholipase domain containing 3 (adiponutrin); TA% - active tissue of body weight in %; TAkg - active tissue of body weight in kilograms; WHR - waist-to-hip ratio.

scholarly journals Differential Effects of Short-term Ketogenic, High Fat and Fructose-enriched Diets on Metabolic Parameters in Mice (P08-042-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Cortez ◽  
John Solitro ◽  
Brian Hong ◽  
Emily Villarreal ◽  
Gerardo Mackenzie
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Grip Strength ◽  
Glucose Homeostasis ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Carbohydrate Source ◽  
Strength Performance ◽  
Glucose Levels

Abstract Objectives Dietary composition influences multiple facets of human health and is inextricably linked to chronic metabolic conditions such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease and cancer. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of a ketogenic (KD), a high fat (HF), and a fructose-enriched (FR) diets on glucose homeostasis, body composition and grip strength performance in mice. Methods Healthy C57BL/6 J mice (5–6 mice/group) were fed, either a control diet containing approximately 16% total calories from fat (CT), a diet containing 89% fat (KD), a diet with 50% total calories from fat (HF), or a diet with 32% fructose as carbohydrate source (FR). All diets contained 10% protein and all mice were fed ad libitum for 8 weeks. At baseline and 8 weeks, we evaluated body composition using NMR relaxometry, grip strength, non-fasting glucose levels, and ketone levels. In addition, oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was conducted by administering glucose by oral gavage (1 g/kg body weight) after 15 hour-fasting and blood glucose levels were measured at 0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 min after glucose administration. Results All mice, irrespectively of their experimental diet groups, increased their body weight, fat mass and adiposity without significant differences among them. After 4 weeks, the HF (P < 0.05) and FR (P < 0.01) groups had significantly higher glucose levels than control. At 8 weeks, the KD groups showed an improved glucose homeostasis compared to CT group, as determined by OGTT. Moreover, compared to the CT group, grip strength performance increased (although did not reached significance) in the KD group (P = 0.054), and decreased in the FR group (P < 0.05). Moreover, when compared to their respective baseline values, grip strength performance increased in KD-fed mice and decreased in FR-fed mice, but differences among them were not statistically significant (P = 0.07). Conclusions Our preliminary findings indicate that altering macronutrient composition can lead to metabolic and physiological changes. Among the three diets tested, the KD showed an improved glucose utilization and better grip strength performance in mice. Additional mechanistic studies are warranted to better understand these metabolic differences among the experimental diets. Funding Sources funds from the University of California, Davis.

Impaired cholinergic mechanisms following exposure to monocrotophos in young rats

2011 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 606-616 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madhu Lata Sankhwar ◽  
Rajesh S Yadav ◽  
Rajendra K Shukla ◽  
Aditya B Pant ◽  
Dhirendra Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Frontal Cortex ◽  
Grip Strength ◽  
Repeated Exposure ◽  
Learning Ability ◽  
Cholinergic Mechanisms ◽  
Young Rats ◽  
High Consumption ◽  
Quinuclidinyl Benzilate

Studies on the neurobehavioral toxicity of monocrotophos, an organophosphate, have been carried out on rats following their exposure from postnatal day (PD) 22 to PD 49 to investigate whether neurobehavioral changes are transient or persistent. Exposure of rats to monocrotophos (0.50 or 1.0 mg/kg body weight, p.o.) decreased body weight (10% and 30%) and impaired grip strength (28% and 32%) and learning ability (65% and 68%) at both the doses, respectively in comparison to controls. A trend of recovery was observed in body weight and learning, while decrease in grip strength persisted in rats 15 days after withdrawal. Activity of acetylcholinesterase was decreased in frontal cortex (36% and 67%), hippocampus (21% and 49%) and cerebellum (29% and 51%) in monocrotophos-treated rats at both the doses. The decrease in the activity of acetylcholinesterase persisted in frontal cortex and hippocampus; however, a trend of recovery was observed in cerebellum 15 days after withdrawal. Binding of 3 H-quinuclidinyl benzilate ( 3 H-QNB) to frontocortical (19% and 35%), hippocampal (32% and 39%) and cerebellar (19% and 28%) membranes was decreased in monocrotophos-treated rats compared to controls. The decrease in the binding of 3 H-QNB persisted in frontocortical, hippocampal and cerebellar membranes 15 days after withdrawal. The results suggest that repeated exposure to monocrotophos in rats may cause behavioral and neurochemical modifications which may persist even after withdrawal. The findings are of concern in view of the high consumption of monocrotophos in many countries.

scholarly journals Hand grip strength and anthropometric characteristics in Italian female national basketball teams

2017 ◽  
Vol 57 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luisa Pizzigalli ◽  
Margherita Micheletti Cremasco ◽  
Antonio La Torre ◽  
Alberto Rainoldi ◽  
Roberto Benis
Keyword(s):  
Grip Strength ◽  
Hand Grip Strength ◽  
Hand Grip ◽  
Anthropometric Characteristics ◽  
Basketball Teams

scholarly journals Ketamine prolongs survival in symptomatic SOD1-G93A mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
John A. Stanford ◽  
Matthew Macaluso ◽  
Richard J. Barohn ◽  
Lauren Peck
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Grip Strength ◽  
Treatment Resistant ◽  
Preclinical Models ◽  
Fatal Disease ◽  
Limited Efficacy ◽  
Optimal Dosing ◽  
Fda Approval ◽  
Resistant Depression ◽  
Lateral Sclerosis

  Objective. Although riluzole and edaravone are FDA-approved for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), these drugs have negligible effect on disease progression and survival. Recent studies reporting neuroprotection from sub-anesthetic doses of ketamine support testing this drug in this rapidly progressing and fatal disease.       Methods. We administered ketamine at 0, 10, and 30 mg/kg to SOD1-G93A mice 5 days/week beginning at 90 days of age. We measured body weight, grip strength, and survival in this model of ALS.       Results. Although ketamine did not influence disease-related loss of body weight, it did delay grip strength declines in the 30 mg/kg group. Ketamine also prolonged survival in the 30 mg/kg group and dose-dependently increased the latency between 20% loss of body weight and death.       Conclusions. These results support further testing of ketamine in preclinical models of ALS to determine optimal dosing. They also support testing in the clinic given the limited efficacy of current ALS treatments and given FDA approval of ketamine for other indications like treatment-resistant depression.  

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