Factors influencing satisfaction with oral contraceptive pills and injectables among past users in Kenya

AbstractThis study examines factors associated with satisfaction with oral pills and injectables among past users in Kenya based on a baseline survey for the 2-year prospective longitudinal study Improving Measurement of Unintended Pregnancy and Unmet Need for Family Planning conducted in 2016. Married women aged 15–39 years were interviewed using a structured questionnaire that captured information on reproduction, contraceptive knowledge and beliefs and attitudes towards contraception in general and towards specific methods. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to examine factors that influenced satisfaction with oral pills and injectables among past users in one urban site (Nairobi slums) and one predominantly rural site (Homa Bay in western Kenya). Results showed that dissatisfaction with pills and injectables is common among past users in both rural and urban Kenya (ranging from 39% to 56%). The distinctive contribution of the study lies in its ability to relate method-specific beliefs to overall satisfaction. Perception of effectiveness, ease of use and safety for long-term use had statistically significant influences on satisfaction with pills in both urban and rural sites while partner’s approval was only important in Nairobi. For injectables, the perception of safety for long-term use was significant in the urban but not the rural site. Unlike pills, the belief that members of a woman’s social network had used a method and found it satisfactory was a particularly powerful influence on satisfaction (AOR=2.8 in rural and 3.2 in urban). Perception of accessibility and fears about infertility were not found to be statistically associated with satisfaction for either pills or injectables. Surprisingly, the effects of all perceived contraceptive attributes were the same for major socio-demographic strata of the populations. The findings underscore the need for targeted counselling and community-based communication interventions to address negative and erroneous perceptions about family planning methods.

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Chikungunya Virus-associated Long-term Arthralgia: A 36-month Prospective Longitudinal Study

PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases ◽

10.1371/journal.pntd.0002137 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 7 (3) ◽

pp. e2137 ◽

Cited By ~ 210

Author(s):

Clémentine Schilte ◽

Frédérik Staikovsky ◽

Thérèse Couderc ◽

Yoann Madec ◽

Florence Carpentier ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Longitudinal Study ◽

Chikungunya Virus ◽

Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽

Prospective Longitudinal

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Long-term follow-up of meniscectomy in athletes. A prospective longitudinal study

Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery - British Volume ◽

10.1302/0301-620x.69b1.3818740 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 69-B (1) ◽

pp. 80-83 ◽

Cited By ~ 209

Author(s):

U Jorgensen ◽

S Sonne-Holm ◽

F Lauridsen ◽

A Rosenklint

Keyword(s):

Longitudinal Study ◽

Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽

Long Term Follow Up ◽

Prospective Longitudinal

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DESIRE FOR MORE CHILDREN, CONTRACEPTIVE USE AND UNMET NEED FOR FAMILY PLANNING IN A REMOTE AREA OF BALI, INDONESIA

Journal of Biosocial Science ◽

10.1017/s0021932010000052 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 42 (4) ◽

pp. 549-562 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

MELLISSA WITHERS ◽

MEGUMI KANO ◽

GDE NGURAH INDRAGUNA PINATIH

Keyword(s):

Family Planning ◽

Health Services ◽

Contraceptive Use ◽

Unmet Need ◽

Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

Access To Health Services ◽

The Past ◽

Access To Health ◽

Living Children

SummaryExploring fertility preferences in relation to contraceptive use can increase the understanding of future reproductive behaviour and unmet family planning needs. This knowledge can help assist women in meeting their reproductive goals. The influences on the desire for more children and current contraceptive use were examined among 1528 married women of reproductive age in an isolated community in Bali, Indonesia, using multivariate logistic regression analysis. Women who were younger, had fewer living children, had given birth in the past year and had regular access to health services were more likely to desire children. Being older, having fewer living children, not having regular access to health services, having given birth in the past year and having the desire for more children were associated with a lower likelihood of using contraception. Women with regular access to health care are more likely to desire more children, probably because they are confident in their ability to have successful birth outcomes. However, specialized clinics or family planning outreach workers may be required to reduce barriers to service utilization among some groups. The findings of this study identify key target populations for family planning, including older women and postpartum women – groups that may not perceive themselves to be at risk for unintended pregnancy. Meeting unmet need for family planning among these groups could help women meet their fertility goals, as well as reduce maternal morbidity and mortality.

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MON-307 Prospective, Longitudinal Study of Glucose-Suppressed GH Levels in 87 Acromegaly Patients with IGF-1 Normalization After Surgical Therapy: Prognostic Value of Nadir GH Levels for Long-Term Remission or Recurrence

Journal of the Endocrine Society ◽

10.1210/jendso/bvaa046.904 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽

Author(s):

Pamela Freda ◽

Jeffrey N Bruce ◽

Carlos Reyes-Vidal ◽

Yessica De Leon ◽

Zhezhen Jin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Healthy Subjects ◽

Prognostic Value ◽

Relevant Information ◽

Oral Glucose ◽

Surgical Removal ◽

Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽

Normal Ranges ◽

Prospective Longitudinal

Abstract Surgical removal of the GH-secreting tumor is the initial treatment of choice for acromegaly. Outcome of surgery is assessed by measuring IGF-1 and glucose-suppressed GH levels. IGF-1 normalization is an essential biochemical criterion for remission. The cut-off for nadir GH after oral glucose that signifies remission, however, is debated. It also remains unclear whether GH levels provide additional prognostic or clinically relevant information when IGF-1 results are definitive. To address this question, we examined how initial postoperative glucose-suppressed GH levels change over time on serial testing in patients who achieve initial remission as defined by IGF-1 normalization. We studied 87 acromegaly patients (48M, 39F) who achieved a normal IGF-1 level after surgery alone longitudinally from 1996 to 2019. All had GH measured before and 60, 90 and 120 minutes after 75 or 100 mg oral glucose (OGTT) at ≥ 3 months after surgery and GH and IGF-1 repeated ≥ 1 year later. GH was by measured by sensitive, 22KDa GH specific assays, either a IRMA (DSL, International Reference Standard (IRS) 88/624) or a chemiluminescence immunoassay (IDS-iSYS, IRS 98/574). OGTT Nadir GH levels were also measured in healthy subjects; n=46 (26 M, 20 F, ages 19-71 yr.) by DSL and n=46 (29 M, 17 F; ages 20-66 yr.) by IDS-iSYS. Nadir GH levels in acromegaly patients were compared to the 95%CI of healthy subjects’ mean and categorized relative to healthy subjects’ 97.5 percentile, which was 0.14 µg/L for both assays. IGF-1 levels were compared to age and gender adjusted normal ranges. Subjects were grouped based on initial nadir GH ≤ or > 0.14 µg/L and the patterns of change in nadir GH and IGF-1 at last follow up or until IGF-1 became elevated (i.e. recurrence). Follow up durations are given as median(range). In follow up, 73 patients remained in remission (normal IGF-1) and 14 had a recurrence (elevated IGF-1). Of the 73 in remission, 55 had initial nadir GH ≤ 0.14 µg/L that persisted to 10 yr.(1-22yr.) of follow up, 5 had initial GH ≤ 0.14 µg/L that rose to > 0.14 µg/L by 9(3-21)yr., 10 had GH > 0.14 µg/L that persisted at 5.5(2-22)yr., and 3 had GH > 0.14 µg/L that fell to ≤ 0.14 µg/L at 5(4-7)yr. of follow up. Of the 14 that recurred, 11 had an initial and persistent GH > 0.14 µg/L and developed an elevated IGF-1 level after 6(1-23) yr.. The 3 other patients that recurred had an initial GH ≤ 0.14 µg/L that rose to > 0.14 µg/L by 1-6 years later and subsequently developed an elevated IGF-1 level by 14-16 years of follow up. In summary, we found that the pattern of normal IGF-1 along with nadir GH > 0.14 µg/L on initial testing or developing with time, was associated with recurrence in 14/32 patients. We also found that initial nadir GH ≤ 0.14 µg/L was highly predictive of long-term persistent remission: 60/63 such patients remained in remission. In conclusion, glucose-suppressed GH levels are of prognostic value in acromegaly patients with normal IGF-1 after surgery.

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Frontal emotion regulation capacity predicts acute cortisol-responses as well as long term resilience to post-traumatic stress: Evidence from a prospective longitudinal study

Psychoneuroendocrinology ◽

10.1016/j.psyneuen.2019.07.189 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 107 ◽

pp. 65-66

Author(s):

Reinoud Kaldewaij ◽

Wei Zhang ◽

Mahur Hashemi ◽

Floris Klumpers ◽

Saskia Koch ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Emotion Regulation ◽

Longitudinal Study ◽

Traumatic Stress ◽

Post Traumatic Stress ◽

Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽

Cortisol Responses ◽

Post Traumatic ◽

Prospective Longitudinal

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The Berkeley Girls with ADHD Longitudinal Study

10.1093/med/9780190213589.003.0007 ◽

2016 ◽

Author(s):

Elizabeth B. Owens ◽

Christine A. Zalecki ◽

Stephen P. Hinshaw

Keyword(s):

Longitudinal Study ◽

Recruitment Strategy ◽

Term Outcome ◽

Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽

Long Term Outcome ◽

Health Significance ◽

Matched Comparison ◽

Prospective Longitudinal ◽

Girls With Adhd

We describe the initiation and evolution of the Berkeley Girls with ADHD Longitudinal Study, an ongoing prospective, longitudinal study of 140 girls diagnosed with ADHD when they were children during the late 1990s, as well as 88 matched comparison girls. Study rationale, design, procedures, recruitment strategy, and measures are described in detail. Primary psychosocial and neuropsychological findings during childhood, adolescence, and adulthood are summarized. Our initial findings regarding predictors of outcome are presented. Results are discussed in light of the existing literature regarding long-term outcome among children with ADHD. Overall, during childhood, adolescence, and young adulthood, in almost every psychosocial and neuropsychological domain we investigated, females with ADHD show sizable disadvantages and deficits relative to females without ADHD. Our findings affirm the public health significance of ADHD in girls, given the likelihood of persisting symptoms and (especially) impairment in crucial domains over the long-term.

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Factors that affect the discontinuation of family planning methods in Myanmar: analysis of the 2015–16 Myanmar Demographic and Health Survey

Contraception and Reproductive Medicine ◽

10.1186/s40834-020-00126-5 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Khaing Nwe Tin ◽

Thae Maung Maung ◽

Thiri Win

Keyword(s):

Logistic Regression ◽

Family Planning ◽

Health Survey ◽

Unmet Need ◽

Contraceptive Methods ◽

Multivariable Logistic Regression ◽

Unplanned Pregnancies ◽

Contraceptive Discontinuation ◽

Voluntary Choice

Abstract Background Access to family planning contributes up to a 44% reduction in maternal deaths. Since the majority of unplanned pregnancies and abortions occur in women who were either not using contraception or not using it consistently, greater access to contraception and more consistent use of contraception are crucial in the reduction of unplanned pregnancies and abortions. This study aims to determine which types of contraceptives are most often discontinued, the reasons for discontinuation, and the factors that influence contraceptive discontinuation for women in Myanmar. Methods This study is a secondary data analysis of calendar data from the 2015–16 Myanmar Demographic Health Survey. The dependent variable is discontinuation of contraception within 12 months among episodes of contraceptive use in the 5 years before the survey among women age 15–49. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify the predictors of contraceptive discontinuation. Results The 12-month discontinuation rate for all contraceptive methods was 39%. The discontinuation rates for short-term methods were remarkably high (43% for pills and 42% for injectables), while the rate for long-term methods was very low (7% for intrauterine devices and 0.2% for implants). Discontinuation while still in need of contraception was high (55%) although 28% of those women switched to other modern methods. Multivariable logistic regression showed the factors associated with contraceptive discontinuation were a woman’s age, location (state/region), wealth, and number of births within the past 5 years. Conclusions The high rate of discontinuation while in need is very alarming given goals to reduce the unmet need for family planning in Myanmar. Family planning programs must ensure timely, informed method-switching by women who discontinue contraception, especially among women for whom discontinuation is the highest (age 45–49, middle and richest wealth quintile, regions where high discontinuation and multiparity); increase the availability of long-term contraceptive methods, and improve counseling that ensures clients’ informed and voluntary choice of family planning services.

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