DESIRE FOR MORE CHILDREN, CONTRACEPTIVE USE AND UNMET NEED FOR FAMILY PLANNING IN A REMOTE AREA OF BALI, INDONESIA

2010 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 549-562 ◽  
Author(s):  
MELLISSA WITHERS ◽  
MEGUMI KANO ◽  
GDE NGURAH INDRAGUNA PINATIH
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Unmet Need ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Access To Health Services ◽  
The Past ◽  
Access To Health ◽  
Living Children

SummaryExploring fertility preferences in relation to contraceptive use can increase the understanding of future reproductive behaviour and unmet family planning needs. This knowledge can help assist women in meeting their reproductive goals. The influences on the desire for more children and current contraceptive use were examined among 1528 married women of reproductive age in an isolated community in Bali, Indonesia, using multivariate logistic regression analysis. Women who were younger, had fewer living children, had given birth in the past year and had regular access to health services were more likely to desire children. Being older, having fewer living children, not having regular access to health services, having given birth in the past year and having the desire for more children were associated with a lower likelihood of using contraception. Women with regular access to health care are more likely to desire more children, probably because they are confident in their ability to have successful birth outcomes. However, specialized clinics or family planning outreach workers may be required to reduce barriers to service utilization among some groups. The findings of this study identify key target populations for family planning, including older women and postpartum women – groups that may not perceive themselves to be at risk for unintended pregnancy. Meeting unmet need for family planning among these groups could help women meet their fertility goals, as well as reduce maternal morbidity and mortality.

scholarly journals Factors Associated with Unmet Need for Family Planning among Married Reproductive Age Women in Toke Kutaye District, Oromia, Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Abebe Tadesse G/Meskel ◽  
Habtamu Oljira Desta ◽  
Elias Teferi Bala
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Unmet Need ◽  
Married Women ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Reproductive Age Women ◽  
Living Children

Background. It is estimated that more than 142 million married women in developing countries have an unmet need for family planning. This study is aimed at identifying factors associated with the unmet need of family planning among married women of reproductive age in Toke Kutaye district, Ethiopia in 2019. Methods. A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Toke Kutaye district from March 1–30, 2019. A systematic random sampling technique was used to select 494 reproductive-age women who were married during data collection. Data were collected using a pretested structured questionnaire. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to assess factors associated with the unmet need of family planning at 95% CI with a p value of ≤ 0.05. Result. The prevalence of unmet need for family planning in the Toke Kutaye district was 23.1% [95% CI (19.2-26.7)], with 15.2% for spacing and 7.9% for limiting. Women’s education [AOR, 3.64, 95% CI: 1.43-9.25], number of living children [AOR, 2.63, 95% CI: 1.37-5.05], husband disapproval of family planning [AOR, 3.68, 95% CI: 2.20-6.16], and discussion with healthcare providers on family planning [AOR, 0.20, 95% CI: 0.13-0.37] were significantly associated with unmet need for family planning. Conclusion. The prevalence of unmet need for family planning was high. Therefore, program managers, partners, and health workers should work to address the gaps in maternal education, the number of living children, partner disapproval of family planning, and discussion on family planning issues through enhancing female education, awareness on family planning, and male involvement in family planning services.

scholarly journals Men’s Attitude Towards Contraception and Sexuality, Women’s Empowerment, and Demand Satisfied for Family Planning in India

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iván Mejía-Guevara ◽  
Beniamino Cislaghi ◽  
Gary L. Darmstadt
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Unmet Need ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Women's Empowerment ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Women’S Empowerment ◽  
Standard Deviation Increase ◽  
The Right

Whilst the prevalence of unmet need and contraceptive use remained unchanged for 10 years (between 2005–2015) in India, gender restrictive norms and power imbalances also have persisted, preventing married women from meeting their family planning desires. Data for this study are from the 2015–6 National Family Household Survey, which contains information on fertility preferences and family planning for women in reproductive age. As a proxy for men’s attitudinal norms, we aggregated men’s perceptions regarding contraception (contraception is women’s business, women who use contraception may become promiscuous) and control over their wife (if his wife refuses to have sex, men have the right to deny financial support, have sex with another woman, or beat wife) at district level. Using a three-level random intercepts model, we assessed individual and contextual-level associations of men’s attitudinal norms and met need for contraception among sexually active women (aged 15–49) with any demand for family planning, while adjusting for women’s empowerment indicators [education, job status, and adult marriage] and individual demographic factors. Our results indicate that men’s attitudinal norms are negatively associated with women’s contraceptive use; for instance, a 1 standard deviation increase in the proportion of men who believe that contraception is women’s business was associated with a 12% reduced likelihood of contraceptive use (OR = 0.88, 95% CI 0.82–0.95). Similar associations remained or were stronger after considering only modern methods, or when excluding female sterilization. Furthermore, our contextual effects analysis revealed that women’s higher education or wealth did not improve contraceptive uptake in communities with strong attitudinal norms, but working women or women married as children were more likely to use contraception in those communities. Our results suggest that men’s attitudinal norms may be dominating over women’s empowerment regarding family planning choices among reproductive age women. However, employment appeared to play a strong protective role associated with women’s contraceptive use. It is important for programs seeking to transform gender equality and empower women in making contraceptive choices to consider women’s employment opportunities and to also address male attitudinal norms in the context of the ecosystem in which men and women coexist and interact.

Factors affecting use of contraception in Matlab, Bangladesh

1996 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 265-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehrab Ali Khan
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Treatment Area ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Comparison Area ◽  
Perceived Availability ◽  
Kap Survey ◽  
Living Children

SummaryThis study examines the relationship between family planning, perceived availability of contraceptives, and sociodemographic factors in rural Bangladesh. Data are from the 1990 KAP survey in the Matlab treatment and comparison areas, using a sample of about 8500 married women of reproductive age. The contraceptive prevalence rate was 57% in the treatment area but substantially lower in the comparison area where mainly traditional methods of family planning were used by women who did not know of a source of supply of contraceptives. Education has no effect on contraceptive use in the treatment area but in the comparison area, modest but consistent differentials in use by level of education were found. Number of living children is the best predictor for contraceptive use, followed by number of living sons, and the attitude of respondents and their husbands towards family planning.

FACTORS AFFECTING EVER-MARRIED MEN’S CONTRACEPTIVE KNOWLEDGE AND USE IN NIGERIA

2002 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 497-510 ◽  
Author(s):  
KOLAWOLE A. OYEDIRAN ◽  
GBENGA P. ISHOLA ◽  
BAMIKALE J. FEYISETAN
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Contraceptive Knowledge ◽  
The Past ◽  
Size Limitation ◽  
Married Men ◽  
Living Children ◽  
Men’S Involvement

African men play important roles in the decisions about family life, including fertility and family planning. However, fertility and family planning research and programmes have ignored their roles in the past, focusing only on women’s behaviours. Since the 1994 International Conference on Population and Development (ICPD), interest in men’s involvement in reproductive health has increased. Unfortunately, data on their knowledge and use of contraception are generally scanty. This paper examines knowledge and use of contraception among ever-married men in Nigeria. A total of 1451 ever-married men aged 18–55 were interviewed in Imo and Ondo States, Nigeria. The findings reveal that men’s level of contraceptive knowledge is high in the study areas. About 90% knew at least one method of family planning. Furthermore, the level of contraceptive use among married men is such that men could participate in family planning activities if there were adequate programmes to involve them. Men in the sample areas were found not only to support their spouses’ use of contraceptives, but were actually using condoms to delay or prevent pregnancy. Age, education, place of residence, number of living children and being counselled for family planning were identified as key factors determining contraceptive knowledge and use among married men in the study areas. To ensure increased participation of men in family planning, programmes must be designed to educate them on the need for family size limitation and involve them in service delivery, even if only to their male counterparts.

scholarly journals THE USE OF CONTRACEPTION IN COUPLES OF REPRODUCTIVE AGE DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC IN INDONESIA : LITERATURE REVIEW

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 53-63
Author(s):  
Nurmalia Ermi
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Unmet Need ◽  
Dropout Rate ◽  
Drop Out ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Childbearing Age ◽  
Family Planning Services ◽  
The Government

Background: The use of contraception is one of the benchmarks for the success of family planning programs. The COVID-19 pandemic has had an impact on people to limit activities outside the home. The appeal from the government also has an impact on the possibility of hampering access to family planning services. The delay in family planning services will lead to a decrease in the use of contraception will ultimately have an impact on the uncontrolled birth rate (Baby Boom). The purpose of this study was to see how the use of contraception in couples of childbearing age during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: This study is a literature review related to the use of EFA contraceptives during the COVID-19 pandemic through the Google Scholar database, PubMed, government publication data. Results: Contraceptive use among new family planning participants decreased in general as well as among MKJP participants in the NTB area. The prevalence of contraceptive use in Indonesia has increased but has not yet reached the national target of 61.8%. In the DIY region, there was a decrease in contraceptive use among active family planning participants, as well as a decrease in the use of pill and injectable contraception. The research conducted in the Kalimantan region found that most women of childbearing age used the contraceptive method with the highest dropout rate, namely the pill. The number of unmet need for family planning in the NTB area has decreased, but the drop out rate for family planning in the early days of the COVID-19 pandemi has increased. Conclusion: The use of contraception during the COVID-19 pandemi in several regions in Indonesia is still fluctuating, but has a tendency to decrease.

scholarly journals Improving Utilisation and awareness of Family Planning services in Adults of Reproductive age through Community Sensitization in Police Wing Village, Jinja District.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Rodgers Isiko
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Unmet Need ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Project Implementation ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Planning Methods ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Family Planning Methods

Background Family planning refers to a conscious effort by a couple to space the number of children they have through the use of contraceptive methods. According to WHO, an estimated 225 million women in developing countries, 24.2% of women of reproductive age have an unmet need for contraception. However, contraceptive use in sub-Saharan Africa is low at only 21%. The total fertility rate remains high for many countries in the region (4.6 in Kenya and Rwanda, 5.4 in Tanzania, 6.2 in Uganda, and 6.4 for Burundi). Methodology This was a community-based project implementation on increasing awareness and utilization of family planning methods in Police Wing village, Jinja district. Consent was gotten from the VHT, LC1, and DHO before mobilizing people to gather at the VHT’s home and her neighbour’s compound where we carried out the different educational sessions. Different team members got different roles to play as regards the health education session. One week later, we evaluated the progress of our project implementation through the administration of questionnaires to the same people we health educated. The questionnaire assessed the level of utilization, awareness, myths, misconception, and demography of the participants. Results 28% had heard about at least three family planning methods and 24.1% had at one time used family planning while 75.9% of the participants admitted not to have used it. The post-session assessment showed an increase from 28% to 93% in knowledge regarding the available methods of FP and an increase in the utilization of FP from 28% to 42%.   Conclusion and recommendations Addressing the myths and misconceptions about FP by exposing them as a fallacy would help increase the uptake as evidenced by the will of the community to take up the different methods. Organize frequent health talks about FP in the community.

scholarly journals Making family planning accessible in resource-poor settings

2009 ◽  
Vol 364 (1532) ◽  
pp. 3093-3099 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ndola Prata
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Unmet Need ◽  
Easy Access ◽  
Access To Health Services ◽  
Low Resource Settings ◽  
Low Resource ◽  
Resource Poor ◽  
Planning Methods ◽  
Family Planning Methods

It is imperative to make family planning more accessible in low resource settings. The poorest couples have the highest fertility, the lowest contraceptive use and the highest unmet need for contraception. It is also in the low resource settings where maternal and child mortality is the highest. Family planning can contribute to improvements in maternal and child health, especially in low resource settings where overall access to health services is limited. Four critical steps should be taken to increase access to family planning in resource-poor settings: (i) increase knowledge about the safety of family planning methods; (ii) ensure contraception is genuinely affordable to the poorest families; (iii) ensure supply of contraceptives by making family planning a permanent line item in healthcare system's budgets and (iv) take immediate action to remove barriers hindering access to family planning methods. In Africa, there are more women with an unmet need for family planning than women currently using modern methods. Making family planning accessible in low resource settings will help decrease the existing inequities in achieving desired fertility at individual and country level. In addition, it could help slow population growth within a human rights framework. The United Nations Population Division projections for the year 2050 vary between a high of 10.6 and a low of 7.4 billion. Given that most of the growth is expected to come from today's resource-poor settings, easy access to family planning could make a difference of billions in the world in 2050.

scholarly journals Profile of unmet needs of family planning in an urban slum of Ganjam district, Odisha, India: a cross-sectional study

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 961
Author(s):  
Smaranita Sabat ◽  
Dhaneswari Jena ◽  
Durga Madhab Satapathy ◽  
Sithun Patro ◽  
Radhamadhab Tripathy
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Contraceptive Method ◽  
Unmet Need ◽  
Urban Slum ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Education Of Women ◽  
Living Children

Background: Unmet need for family planning refers to the percentage of fecund women of reproductive age either married or in union, women who either wish to postpone the next birth (spacers) or who wish to stop child bearing (limiters) but are not using a contraceptive method. This clearly indicates a gap between a woman’s reproductive intention and current contraceptive behaviour. The objectives of the present study was to determine the prevalence of unmet need for family planning, to assess the association between socio-demographic characteristics and unmet need of family planning, to identify the reasons for unmet need.Methods: It was a cross-sectional study conducted from June to August 2018 in Ankuli (UHTC). A total of 188 ever married women in the reproductive age group were selected by simple random sampling.Results: Out of 188 women, 41 (21.8%) had no need for contraception and needs for family planning of 78 (41.5%) women had been met. The prevalence of unmet need for family planning was 36.7% consists of 24 (12.8%)  spacing need and 45 (23.9%)  limiting need. It was found that age, education of women, age at marriage, number of living children, contraceptive knowledge and inter-spousal communication were significantly associated with unmet need for family planning. The most common reason for not using any contraceptive method was fear of side effects (40.6%).Conclusions: The unmet need for family planning was high and in order to reduce the gap, the program should address the above reasons.

scholarly journals Factors associated with unmet need of family planning in Bihar, India: a spatial and multilevel analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 3638 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anita Pal ◽  
Jeetendra Yadav ◽  
Sunita . ◽  
Kh. Jitenkumar Singh
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Unmet Need ◽  
Family Health ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Modern Contraceptive ◽  
Current Estimate ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Women Experiences ◽  
Socioeconomic And Demographic Factors

Background: Many women in low and middle-income countries would like to limit or delay their pregnancy, but they do not enough access to consistent use of modern contraceptive methods. The concept of unmet need for family planning is focus to reproductive health policies, as it endures serious implications for the women, the child, family and the whole society. The aims of the study are to assess the spatial dimensions of extent of unmet need for family planning and also identify association between individual, household, community and district level covariates with the level of unmet need for family planning among married women of reproductive age group in Bihar, India.Methods: The study uses data from fourth round of the National Family Health Survey (NFHS-4). To meet the objective the analysis included descriptive, spatial visualization, spatial autocorrelation and multilevel logistic model. In the first step of analysis the multivariate analysis was used to know the levels of unmet need for family planning by selected background characteristics.Results: This study indicating that nearly one in five or more women experiences unmet need for family planning suggests that the problem remains of considerable magnitude and that action is needed to fill the gap in contraceptive use, which is currently estimated at a lowest 24 percent. Apart from providing a current estimate of unmet need, our study identified a number of relevant socioeconomic and demographic factors likely to shape the probability that a women experiences unmet need. It is observed across individual level, community/psu level and district level.Conclusions: Considering this fact, family planning program in Bihar should also focus on eliminating misconceptions and fear about contraception through proper counselling of couples and information, education and communication activities in the community and try to improve the quality of advice and care services related to family planning.

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