The objective of this study was to evaluate the in vitro developmental competence of alpaca embryos bisected at different embryonic stages. Gametes were obtained from ovaries and testes collected from a local abattoir. Cumulus-oocyte complexes (COC) were recovered (n = 120) by aspiration of ovarian follicles using a 5-mL syringe with an 18-gauge needle. Then, COC with at least 3 layers of cumulus cells and a homogeneous cytoplasm were matured in TCM-199 supplemented with 10% FCS, FSH (0.02 IU [JM1] [P2] [P3]), and 0.01 mg mL−1 oestradiol 17β [JM4] for 26 h at 38.5°C and 5% CO2 in air. After in vitro maturation, COC were placed in a 30-mL Petri dish containing FERT-TALP solution for 30 min. Then, epididymal alpaca spermatozoa (3 × 106 mL−1) were added to the dish and co-incubated with the COC for 20 h at 38.5°C and 5% CO2 in air. Motile epididymal sperm were selected by swim-up method centrifuged for 15 min at 350 × g in 2 mL of SPERM-TALP supplemented with 6 mg mL−1 of fatty-acid-free BSA. Sperm pellet was extended and culture in 5% CO2 in air at 38.5°C for 45 min. Thirty-three viable embryos at different stages [2-cells (n = 6), 8-cells (n = 15), and morulae (n = 12)] were bisected into approximately equal halves using a micro-surgical blade. The embryos were previously treated with 2 mg mL−1 of protease from Streptomyces griseus (P 8811, Sigma, St. Louis, MO, USA) for 2 min to remove the zona pellucida. After bisection, the demi-embryos were cultivated in in vitro culture (IVC) medium containing 0.036 mg mL−1 sodium pyruvate, 0.146 mg mL−1 l-glutamine, 1% essential amino acids, 0.5% nonessential amino acids, and supplemented with 10% FCS using the well-of-the-well system. The demi-embryos were incubated for 7 days (changing the media every 48 h) in 5% CO2 in air at 38.5°C. Additional embryos (n = 60) were obtained using the same conditions described above and used as a control group (unmanipulated). We obtained 66 demi-embryos [2-cells (n = 12), 8-cells (n = 30), and morulae (n = 24)] after bisection that were considered for IVC. From 12 demi-embryos bisected at 2-cell and 30 bisected at 8-cell stages, 3 (25%) and 30 (100%) reached the morula stage respectively. However, they did not develop any further. Interestingly, 18 demi-embryos bisected in morula reached the blastocyst stage (80%). For unmanipulated embryos, we obtained 42% (25/60), 35% (21/60), 32% (19/60), and 28% (17/60) of cleavage, morulae, and blastocyst and hatched blastocyst rates, respectively. In conclusion, alpaca embryos bisected at earlier stages (less than 8-cell) are not suitable to produce blastocysts. The earliest stage to produce blastocyst from bisected alpaca embryos is the morula stage.
Branched-Chain Amino Acids Have Equivalent Effects to Other Essential Amino Acids on Lifespan and Aging-Related Traits in Drosophila
