Effect of feeding fat to dairy cows receiving a fat-deficient basal diet: I. Milk yield and composition

1976 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Banks ◽  
J. L. Clapperton ◽  
Morag E. Ferrie ◽  
Agnes G. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Palmitic Acid ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Acid Mixture ◽  
Dietary Oils ◽  
Soya Oil

SummaryThe effects of supplementing a basal diet, in which the low level of fatty acids limited milk production, with soya oil, a palm oil/palmitic acid mixture and tallow, on the yield of milk and of its constituents, and on the composition of the milk, are reported. The yields of milk and milk fat were greatly increased by all the oil-supplemented diets; the mean daily yield of solids-not-fat (SNF) was also increased, but supplementation with soya oil caused the yield of crude protein (CP) to decrease, whereas the other fat-rich concentrate mixtures gave the same mean yield of protein as did the low-fat, control diet. All 3 oil-supplemented diets lowered the proportion of CP in the milk, but the SNF content was unchanged by any treatment. Dietary soya oil tended to lower the proportion of fat in the milk, whilst the palm oil/palmitic acid mixture raised it, with the tallow exerting no effect. The results are discussed in relation to previous work in which these dietary oils have been used, but in which the intake of fatty acids from the control diets did not limit milk production to the extent reported here.

Effect of oil-enriched diets on the milk yield and composition, and on the composition and physical properties of the milk fat, of dairy cows receiving a basal ration of grass silage

1980 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 277-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Banks ◽  
John L. Clapperton ◽  
Morag E. Kelly
Keyword(s):  
Palmitic Acid ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Dietary Fats ◽  
Acid Mixture ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Melting Characteristics ◽  
Soya Oil ◽  
Melting Material

SummaryThe effects of supplementing a basal diet of grass silage with various oil-enriched mixtures on milk yield and composition, fatty acid composition and the melting characteristics of the milk fats are reported. In the first experiment, various dietary fats (soya oil, tallow and a palm oil/palmitic acid mixture) were fed at a fixed level (10% by weight of the concentrate ration). Soya oil had no effect on the proportion or yield of milk fat, and increased the proportion of low melting material in the milk fat; tallow increased the proportion of milk fat, and had little effect on the melting characteristics of the milk fat; the palm oil/palmitic acid mixture increased both the content and the yield of milk fat, and increased the proportion of high-melting material in the milk fat. In the second experiment, soya oil was fed at 3 levels (10, 15 and 20% by weight of the concentrate ration). No statistically significant effect on the yield of milk or of its constituents was observed; the proportion of low-melting material in the milk fat increased progressively with increasing intake of soya oil.

scholarly journals Influence of four dietary oils on selected blood constituents in egg-type chickens

2017 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 251-263
Author(s):  
Adebisi Agboola ◽  
Babatunde Omidiwura ◽  
Jeremiah Olurinola
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Soybean Oil ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Sesame Seed ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Dietary Oils ◽  
Sesame Seed Oil

The enrichment of eggs with polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), particularly with omega-3 fatty acids, has attracted the attention of both researchers and the food industry, because these fatty acids are essential for normal body development and play an important role in the prevention of heart diseases. This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of four dietary oils on selected blood metabolites in egg-type chickens. One hundred and five (105) Isa Brown laying hens at 34 weeks of age were used and the study lasted for 6 weeks in a completely randomised design. Hens were randomly allotted to seven dietary treatments namely: basal diet (T1), basal diet + 1.5% palm oil (T2), basal diet + 1.5% soybean oil (T3), basal diet + 1.5% sesame seed oil (T4), basal diet + 1.5% fish oil (T5), basal diet + 0.75% soybean oil + 0.75% fish oil (T6) and basal diet + 0.75% sesame seed oil + 0.75% fish oil (T7). The treatments had 5 replicates of 3 hens each. Blood samples (5mls) were collected from the jugular vein of a bird per replicate for serum and haematological parameters. There were no significant differences observed in packed cell volume, haemoglobin, red blood cell, white blood cell, lymphocyte, heterophils and basophils of birds on experimental diets but diets had an influence (P<0.05) on the monocytes, eosinophils and platelets of birds. Monocytes of birds on the control diet were similar to those of birds on T3 (basal diet + 1.5% soyabean oil) but significantly (P<0.05) higher than monocyte counts for birds on other diets. Eosinophils of birds on the experimental diets were similar except for those on T4 (basal diet + 1.5% sesame seed oil) with significantly higher eosinophil values compared with others. A similar trend was observed in platelets of birds on the experimental diets. There were no significant differences observed in triglycerides, high density lipoproteins and cholesterol of birds on experimental diets. Low density lipoprotein (LDL) of birds on the control diet was similar to those recorded for birds on different dietary oils supplemented diets except for those on T6 (basal diet + 0.75% soybean oil + 0.75% fish oil) with significantly (P<0.05) reduced LDL. It can be concluded that dietary oils combination of 0.75% soybean oil + 0.75% fish oil could be effective in reducing serum low density lipoprotein in laying birds.

scholarly journals The effect of increasing amounts of dietary red palm oil on milk fat secretion in the cow

1968 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 609-614 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Storry ◽  
A. J. Hall ◽  
V. W. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Dietary Fat ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Red Palm Oil ◽  
Total Fat

1. The effects, on the secretion in milk of fat and its component fatty acids, of supplementing a basal diet low in fat with red palm oil at three levels are reported.2. The secretion of total fat and of the fatty acids contained in the oil supplement was positively correlated with the dietary intakes, except for linoleic acid which was hydrogenated in the rumen before its absorption and secretion in milk.3. Evidence for the synthesis de novo of palmitic acid and for the possible depression of intramammary de novo synthesis by high levels of dietary fat is discussed.

scholarly journals Effect of dietary sources of roasted oilseeds on blood parameters and milk fatty acid composition

2008 ◽  
Vol 53 (No. 5) ◽  
pp. 219-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z.L. Liu ◽  
D.P. Yang ◽  
P. Chen ◽  
S.B. Lin ◽  
X.Y. Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Milk Fatty Acids

The aim of this experiment was to investigate the effect of supplementing the basal diet with oilseeds on blood parameters and composition of milk fatty acids, especially conjugated linoleic acid (CLA). Forty-eight lactating Holstein cows in early lactation were used in a randomized block design. The cows in each group were fed the control basal diet (the control diet) or diets containing roasted soybean (RSB), roasted linseed (RLS), roasted sunflower seed (RSS), hulled roasted peanut (HRP) and roasted cottonseed (RCS), respectively. Milk yield and dry matter intake (DMI) were not significantly different. Milk fat percentage and yield decreased (<I>P</I> < 0.05) in RLS, RSS and RCS diets compared with the control. Feeding various oilseeds had no effect on plasma parameters, but it tended to increase concentrations of <I>trans</I> C18:1 and C18:2 in plasma. In milk fat, the concentrations of short and medium fatty acids decreased while C<sub>18</sub> unsaturated fatty acids increased when the cows were fed oilseed diets. <I>Ci</I>s-9, <I>trans </I> -11 CLA content increased (<I>P</I> < 0.01) in the milk fat of cows fed oilseeds. RSB treatment produced the highest (<I>P</I> < 0.01) content of<I> cis</I>-9, <I>trans </I> -11 CLA, which was a 60% increase compared with the control. The results indicate that the diets supplemented with oilseeds improve the content of C<sub>18</sub> unsaturated fatty acids and CLA in milk fat, and soybeans seem to be the optimal source to improve the nutritive value of milk compared with other oilseeds.

Effects of supplementing with calcium salts of palm oil fatty acids or hydrogenated tallow on ewe milk production and twin lamb growth1

2004 ◽  
Vol 82 (9) ◽  
pp. 2780-2789 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. A. Appeddu ◽  
D. G. Ely ◽  
D. K. Aaron ◽  
W. P. Deweese ◽  
E. Fink
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Calcium Salts

Persistency of milk trans-18:1 isomers and rumenic acid in Holstein cows over a full lactation

2011 ◽  
Vol 91 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Riazuddin Mohammed ◽  
Reza Khorasani ◽  
Laksiri Goonewardene ◽  
John Kramer ◽  
John Kennelly
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Vaccenic Acid ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Barley Grain ◽  
Holstein Cows ◽  
Test Diet ◽  
Barley Silage

Mohammed, R., Khorasani, R. G., Goonewardene, L. A., Kramer, J. K. G. and Kennelly, J. J. 2011. Persistency of milk trans-18:1 isomers and rumenic acid in Holstein cows over a full lactation. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 91: 147–167. A long-term lactation study was undertaken to determine whether the previously reported short-term persistency in vaccenic acid [VA; trans(t)11-18:1] and rumenic acid (RA) could be maintained. To test this hypothesis, 24 Holstein cows were allotted to two experimental diets (control and test) from 2 wk before calving until they were 270 d in milk (DIM). The test diet was similar to the control diet, but supplemented with sunflower seed (11.2% diet DM), fish oil (0.5%) and monensin (22 mg/kg DM) by replacing an equivalent amount of barley grain. The forage: concentrate ratio was 50:50 (DM basis) with 35% barley silage and 15% alfalfa hay. Milk was sampled every fortnight from the start of lactation until cows were 270 DIM. Data obtained were averaged into three equal periods of 90 d each, representing three stages of lactation (SOL): early-lactation (EL), mid-lactation (ML) and late-lactation (LL). Dry matter intakes were not different between treatments with greater intakes observed during ML than during EL or LL. Milk yield was not different between treatments and decreased with increasing DIM. Milk fat content and yield showed interaction between treatment and SOL with lower values observed for the test diet than control diet during EL and ML. De novo synthesized fatty acids (4:0–15:0), 16:0–16:1 and preformed fatty acids (17:0 and above) showed interaction between treatment and SOL with the former two being greater for control diet than test diet and the latter greater for the test diet than control diet within each SOL. Milk t10-18:1 (% fatty acid methyl esters, FAME) was greater for the test diet compared with control diet (4.38 vs. 1.32) and was greater during ML (3.79) than during EL (2.38) or LL (2.38). Milk VA and RA showed interactions between treatment and SOL with greater values observed for the test diet than the control diet within each SOL. When analyzed by treatment, milk VA was not different across SOL for both diets. Milk RA was not different across SOL for the test diet, but was different for the control diet; it was lower during EL than during ML. Step-wise regression analysis revealed that the variability in milk RA for the control diet (P<0.01; R2=0.97) was determined by VA (70%) and RA/VA (27%); and for the test diet (P<0.01; R2=0.987) by VA (88.7%), RA/VA (5%) and t10-18:1 (3.8%). Desaturase index based on RA/VA showed an interaction between treatment and SOL; it was greater for the control diet than the test diet within each SOL. Overall findings revealed that the differences in milk t10- and VA across SOL reflected possible differences in starch and PUFA intakes, respectively. Differences in milk RA across SOL for the control diet could be attributed to possible differences in mammary desaturase activity based on differences in RA/VA.

scholarly journals The Mode of Grass Supply to Dairy Cows Impacts on Fatty Acid and Antioxidant Profile of Milk

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1256
Author(s):  
Senén De La Torre-Santos ◽  
Luis J. Royo ◽  
Adela Martínez-Fernández ◽  
Cristina Chocarro ◽  
Fernando Vicente
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Major Influence ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Zero Grazing

The optimization of milk production includes a rational use of forages, respect for the environment and offers the best quality to consumers. Milk production based on grass and forages produces healthier milk and it is widely spread throughout the Atlantic arc to maximize milk yield per hectare. However, the mode of offering the grass can have a major influence on milk composition. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of grass supply mode (grazing, zero-grazing or ensiling) on dairy cows’ performance, with particular reference to fatty acids and fat-soluble antioxidants concentration. A three by three Latin square experiment was performed with 18 dairy cows. Experimental treatments consisted of exclusive feeding with grass silage and zero-grazing, both offered ad libitum indoors, or grazing for 24 h. The results showed that grazing cows had a higher dry matter intake and greater milk yield than cows feeding on grass silage and zero-grazing, as well as higher concentrations of protein, lactose, nonfat-solids and urea in milk than housed cows. Milk fat from grazing cows had a higher proportion of unsaturated fatty acids than from cows feeding on grass silage and zero-grazing, with significant differences in the proportion of vaccenic and rumenic acids. The 18:1 trans-11 to 18:1 trans-10 ratio is proposed as biomarker to identify the milk produced from the management system of grazing cattle. Milk from grazing cows had a greater proportion of lutein than cows eating grass silage, with the zero-grazing system having intermediate values. In conclusion, the mode of grass supply affects fatty acid and antioxidant profiles of milk.

Effects of flavonoids from Allium mongolicum Regel as a dietary additive on meat quality and composition of fatty acids related to flavor in lambs

2019 ◽  
Vol 99 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wangjing Liu ◽  
He Ding ◽  
Khas Erdene ◽  
Renwei Chen ◽  
Qier Mu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Longissimus Dorsi ◽  
Longissimus Dorsi Muscle ◽  
Dorsi Muscle ◽  
Meat Flavor

Sixty male Small-tailed Han sheep (initial body weight: 42.5 ± 4.1 kg) were assigned randomly and averagely into four groups to evaluate effects of flavonoids extracted from Allium mongolicum Regel (AMR) on meat quality and composition of fatty acids related to flavor in longissimus dorsi muscle of lambs. Lambs of four groups were fed a basal control diet (C), and basal diet + three different amounts of flavonoids extracted from the AMR; those were 11 mg kg−1 (Flav 11), 22 mg kg−1 (Flav 22), or 33 mg kg−1 (Flav 33), respectively. Dressing percentage, loin eye area, cooking loss, and pressing loss were affected by treatments (P < 0.05). Percentage of intramuscular fat, the concentrations of eicosapentaenoic acid, C18:0, total saturated fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acid, and 4-methyloctanoic acid in longissimus dorsi muscle were changed by treatments (P < 0.05). Addition of AMR to diet improved the meat quality and had favorable effects on fatty acid composition related to meat flavor in longissimus dorsi muscle.

ALFALFA SUPPLEMENTATION OF CORNCOB DIETS FOR SHEEP: COMPARISON WITH HIGHER VOLATILE FATTY ACIDS, SOYBEAN PROTEIN AND ALFALFA FIBER ON INTAKE, ENVIRONMENT AND DIGESTION IN THE RUMEN AND DIGESTA PASSAGE

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 1083-1091 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. R. NDLOVU ◽  
J. G. BUCHANAN-SMITH
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Soybean Protein ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Latin Squares ◽  
Protein Preparation ◽  
Alfalfa Hay

Nine lambs fitted with rumen cannulae were used in two 5 × 5 Latin squares to measure the effect of alfalfa hay, C4- and C5-branched- and straight-chain volatile fatty acids (C4/C5 VFAs), cell wall from alfalfa hay (ALFCW) and a soybean protein preparation on intake and rumen digestion of a basal corncob diet with urea included at 30 g kg−1. Relative to the control, alfalfa hay decreased (P < 0.05) intake of the basal diet but increased (P < 0.05) total dry matter intake. ALFCW and soybean protein did not affect intake of the basal diet and total dry matter (P > 0.05). C4/C5 VFAs increased intake of basal diet by sheep in one square (P < 0.05) but had no effect (P > 0.05) on intake with sheep in the other square. Alfalfa hay, ALFCW and soybean protein increased (P < 0.05) total VFA concentration in rumen fluid while only alfalfa hay and C4/C5 VFAs consistently increased isobutyrate, isovalerate and valerate levels in rumen fluid (P < 0.05). In comparison with the control diet, soybean protein elevated (P < 0.05) mean rumen ammonia-N levels whereas C4/C5 VFAs depressed them; however, values exceeded 17 mg dL−1 rumen fluid on all treatments. Most measures of digestion kinetics of fiber from corncobs were unaffected by supplementation (P > 0.05). Alfalfa hay and ALFCW increased (P < 0.05) rate of passage of digesta from the reticulo-rumen. It was concluded that alfalfa hay has a reduced role in improving intake of corncob diets when there is also sufficient NPN in the diet. Key words: Roughage (poor quality), volatile fatty acids, rumen ammonia levels, chromium-mordanted cell walls

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