The cell count of milk in relation to milk yield

1978 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Meijering ◽  
F. H. J. Jaartsveld ◽  
M. W. A. Verstegen ◽  
M. J. M. Tielen
Keyword(s):  
Cell Count ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Clinical Forms ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
The Relationship

SummaryQuarter-milk cell counts and milk yields from 1000 cows in the province of Noord-Brabant were obtained over a 12-month period. The data from 933 animals, mainly heifers, were used to examine statistically the relationship between cell counts, as a criterion for sub-clinical forms of mastitis, and milk yield. Losses in milk were assessed by quarter, by pairs of quarters and by cow. The conclusions were that the losses in milk due to sub-clinical forms of mastitis, as indicated by cell count, can be substantial. The existence of a compensating increase in milk yield from a healthy gland, in response to the loss of milk from a neighbouring quarter with raised cell count, could not be demonstrated.

RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN SPEED OF MILKING AND SOMATIC CELL COUNT AND PRODUCTION IN HOLSTEINS

1983 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 781-789 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. K. MOORE ◽  
J. E. MOXLEY ◽  
B. W. KENNEDY ◽  
E. B. BURNSIDE
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Somatic Cell Count ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Heritability Estimate ◽  
Phenotypic Correlations ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
The Relationship

Milking speed data were obtained for 2604 Holstein-Friesian cows, identified by sire, in test herds located in Quebec and Ontario. Milk samples were collected from each cow and analyzed for somatic cell count. Completed or projected lactation production records were available for this sample of cows. Two-minute yield and total milking time were adjusted for the effect of milk yield at sampling and the raw cell counts were transformed to the natural log scale. Sire and error variances were obtained by maximum likelihood (ML) methods and used to estimate heritabilities of and correlations between traits. The heritability estimate for the adjusted 2-min. yield, 0.23, was higher than that for the adjusted total milking time (0.13), with the estimates for the two unadjusted measures being intermediate (0.18). The phenotypic correlations between milking speed and somatic cell count were small. However, there were two distinct linear phases to the relationship between the adjusted 2-min yield and cell count. Small but significant phenotypic correlations were observed between unadjusted measures of milking speed and lactation production (0.11–0.22); however, correlations were not significant when adjustments were made for the milk yield at sampling. Genetic correlations between milking speed and somatic cell count were moderate to large and indicated an antagonistic relationship between faster milking speed and cell count. Also, the genetic correlations suggested some antagonism between increasing 2-min yield and lactation production, while the relationship between lactation traits and milking time was small. Key words: Milking speed, somatic cell count, correlations, heritabilities, Holsteins

Influence of elevated somatic cell count on casein distribution and cheese-making

1980 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 393-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali E. Ali ◽  
Anthony T. Andrews ◽  
Gordon C. Cheeseman
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Somatic Cell Count ◽  
Cheese Making ◽  
Commercial Practice ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Bulk Milk ◽  
Soluble Phase ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

SummaryThe effects of increased somatic cell count, whether caused by infection or by experimental infusion of bacterial endotoxin, on the distribution in milk of caseins between the micellar and soluble forms were investigated. The relationship of somatic cell count to some cheese-making parameters was also studied. With quite modestly elevated cell counts (2–3 × 106/ml) increases of up to 37% in total casein in the soluble phase were observed, most of which was contributed by β-casein, while κ- and αs1-caseins increased only slightly. With storage at 4°C, the concentrations of all the caseins, Ca and phosphate in the soluble phase increased substantially during the first 48 h, but this was followed by a slight decline on further storage. Rennet clotting time, losses of fat in whey, curd moisture, and losses in curd yield and rigidity were all greater the higher the somatic count. Clear differences were detectable in these parameters between milks of very low cell count (e.g. 5 × 104 cells/ml) and milks with counts more typical of those found in bulk supplies (e.g. about 5 × 105 cells/ml). If these findings can be reproduced in commercial practice even a modest reduction in bulk milk somatic cell counts might be expected to bring definite benefits.

scholarly journals Mammary Pathogens and Their Relationship to Somatic Cell Count and Milk Yield Losses in Dairy Ewes

2002 ◽  
Vol 85 (6) ◽  
pp. 1460-1467 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Gonzalo ◽  
A. Ariznabarreta ◽  
J.A. Carriedo ◽  
F. San Primitivo
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Somatic Cell Count ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Dairy Ewes

scholarly journals Somatic Cell Count and Milk Yield Losses in Goats

2017 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 1149-1160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oto Hanuš ◽  
Petr Roubal ◽  
Josef Kučera ◽  
Marcela Klimešová ◽  
Radoslava Jedelská ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Somatic Cell Count ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Goat Milk ◽  
Dairy Goat ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
The Relationship

This work is aimed at prediction and quantification of goat milk yield (MY, kg) losses by the somatic cell count (SCC, 103.ml−1) in milk recording. The goal is to support the prevention of milk secretion disorders, milk yield and quality. During two years there were evaluated composition and properties of individual milk samples (n = 1 173). There were included animals of brown short‑haired (BSH) breed and BSH × white short‑haired in one flock. The linear and nonlinear regression, interpolation, extrapolation, approximation and qualified estimation were used for milk losses prediction along the SCC. The relevant values of the SCC arithmetic and geometric mean and median and MY arithmetic mean were: 1,400 103.ml−1 (with high variability of 128 %), 745 and 747 103.ml−1; 2.94 kg/ day. The relationship between fat and crude protein had a correlation coefficient of 0.395, P < 0.001. There were stated the correlations between SCC and: lactose −0.416, P < 0.001; solids non fat −0.25, P < 0.001; MY −0.135, P < 0.01. The relationship between SCC and MY was negative along months, 6 cases out of 7 and significant in March and May (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01). For instance predicted MY for SCC intervals 1–1.999, 2–2.999, 3–3.999, 4–4.999, 5–5.999, 6–6.999 and ≥ 7 thousands 103.ml−1 may be 3.99, 3.77, 3.6 , 3.46, 3.33, 3.23 and 3.13 kg in 3rd month etc. The corresponding MY losses by SCC are evident from this trend. The result use is focused on the original dairy goat farm and use elsewhere is possible in farms with similar SCC, goat milk yield and rearing system.

scholarly journals Association between body and udder morphological traits and dairy performance in Spanish Assaf sheep

2013 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 430-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ángeles Pérez-Cabal ◽  
E. Legaz ◽  
I. Cervantes ◽  
L. F. de la Fuente ◽  
R. Martínez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Dairy Traits ◽  
Performance Traits ◽  
Fixed Model ◽  
Genetic Evaluations ◽  
Daily Milk Yield ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract. The relationship between 17 body and 8 udder measurements and phenotypic dairy performance were studied using information from 280 Spanish Assaf ewes from 2 to 4 years old belonging to 18 flocks. The influence of the environmental area on the dairy traits was assessed by fitting a fixed model including the flock effect and the age effect. A factor analysis was also carried out to determine the lowest number of independent factors that account for most of the variation in the traits. The flock was statistically significant for performance trait and predicted breeding value (PBV) while the age was only significant in 150 days standardized milk yield (MY150) and daily milk yield (DMY). In general, not much association was found between morphological and dairy performance traits. Few body traits showed significant phenotypic correlations; mainly those related to height, diameters, ears and tail, with the latter being the most correlated but unfavourable for DMY and PBV. Among udder conformation, udder depth and length were the most correlated traits to milk production, while deep udders and short teats were related to lower somatic cell counts. The different traits were classified for analyses into six factors relating mainly to: live weight; production and udder traits; cheese production; stature; teats and udder health; and udder dimensions. Trade of animals was concluded to be unreasonably based on morphological or even on performance traits. The participation of breeders in an appropriate breeding scheme based on accurate genetic evaluations is encouraged.

scholarly journals Connection of somatic cell count and milk yield as well as composition in dairy ewes

2010 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-100
Author(s):  
J. Olechnowicz ◽  
Z. Sobek ◽  
J. M. Jaśkowski ◽  
P. Antosik ◽  
D. Bukowska
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Somatic Cell Count ◽  
Threshold Value ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Dairy Ewes ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Daily Milk

Abstract. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of somatic cell count (SCC) on milk yield and composition using a threshold value of 250 ∙103 cells/ml in dairy ewes of line 05. A total of 1 512 milk samples from udder halves were collected throughout milking periods at monthly intervals. In the present study milk composition (from halves of the udder) and daily milk yield (from udders) was examined in terms of SCC in ewe milk in three groups: from both halves of the udder below 250 ∙103 cells/ml, from one halves of the udder below 250 ∙103 cells/ml and from second half udder above 250 ∙103 cells/ml and from both halves of the udder above 250 ∙103 cells/ml. Milk yield from udders, somatic cell count in milk samples from udder halves and milk composition depended on the level of SCC recorded for halves of the udder. Somatic cell counts in milk from one or both halves of udders exceeding 250 ∙103 cells/ ml resulted in a statistically significant (P<0.01) decrease in daily milk production of ewes, by approx. 15.89 and 30.22 %, respectively. The analysis of variance showed also a significant effect of parity and stage of lactation of ewes on somatic cell count (log SCC) and milk composition from udder halves below 250 ∙103 cells/ml.

scholarly journals Cerebrospinal fluid cell count variability is a major confounding factor in external ventricular drain-associated infection surveillance diagnostics: a prospective observational study

Critical Care ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcus Bådholm ◽  
Jonas Blixt ◽  
Martin Glimåker ◽  
Anders Ternhag ◽  
Jonas Hedlund ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
External Ventricular Drain ◽  
Homogeneous Distribution ◽  
National Guidelines ◽  
Suspected Infection ◽  
Paired Samples ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Lactate Levels ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background External ventricular drain (EVD)-related infections (EVDIs) are feared complications that are difficult to rapidly and correctly diagnose, which can lead to unnecessary treatment with broad-spectrum antibiotics. No readily available diagnostic parameters have been identified to reliably predict or identify EVDIs. Moreover, intraventricular hemorrhage is common and affect cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cellularity. The relationship between leukocytes and erythrocytes is often used to identify suspected infection and triggers the use of antibiotics pending results of cultures, which may take days. Cell count based surveillance diagnostics assumes a homogeneous distribution of cells in the CSF. Given the intraventricular sedimentation of erythrocytes on computed tomography scans this assumption may be erroneous and could affect diagnostics. Aims To evaluate the consistency of cell counts in serially sampled CSF from EVDs, with and without patient repositioning, to assess the effect on infection diagnostics. Methods We performed a prospective single-center study where routine CSF sampling was followed by a second sample after 10 min, allocated around a standard patient repositioning, or not. Changes in absolute and pairwise cell counts and ratios were analyzed, including mixed regression models. Results Data from 51 patients and 162 paired samples were analyzed. We observed substantial changes in CSF cellularity as the result of both resampling and repositioning, with repositioning found to be an independent predictor of bidirectional cellular change. Glucose and lactate levels were affected, however clinically non-significant. No positive CSF cultures were seen during the study. Thirty percent (30%) of patients changed suspected EVDI status, as defined by the cell component of local and national guidelines, when resampling after repositioning. Conclusions CSF cell counts are not consistent and are affected by patient movement suggesting a heterogeneity in the intraventricular space. The relationship between leukocytes and erythrocytes was less affected than absolute changes. Importantly, cell changes are found to increase with increased cellularity, often leading to changes in suspected EVDI status. Faster and more precise diagnostics are needed, and methods such as emerging next generation sequencing techniques my provide tools to more timely and accurately guide antibiotic treatment. Trial Registration NCT04736407, Clinicaltrials.gov, retrospectively registered 2nd February 2021.

The relationships between udder-quarter somatic-cell counts and milk and milking parameters in cows managed with an automatic milking system

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (15) ◽  
pp. 1830
Author(s):  
Beata Sitkowska ◽  
Dariusz Piwczyński ◽  
Magdalena Kolenda
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Somatic Cell Count ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Natural Logarithm ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Milk Flow ◽  
Lactation Stage ◽  
Milk Performance

Context Some milking parameters such as milk yield, milk flow, milking duration, milk conductivity and somatic-cell count can all be listed as economically important traits in dairy practice. Aims The aim of the study was to investigate the relationships among lactation stage, lactation number, milking season and milk-performance traits at an udder-quarter level, including somatic-cell count (SCC), milk yield (MY), milking duration (MD), time in box (TB), milk flow (MF) and milk conductivity (MC). An additional aim was to analyse milking-parameter levels in milkings with a SCC lower and higher than 400000 cells/mL. Methods The study included an analysis of 1621582 successful milkings obtained from six herds of dairy cattle equipped with milking robots (AMS). Key results The study confirmed that MD and MY differed greatly between front and rear quarters. Rear quarters took longer to be milked but produced more milk. During the first 100 days of lactation, the primiparous cows spent more time in the robot than did multiparous cows; however, in the second and third lactations, older cows were spending more time in the AMS. For primiparous cows, MF increased with time, being the highest at the end of lactation (&gt;200 days in milk). A different trend has been found in the group of multiparous cows, where a steady decrease in MF was observed with subsequent lactation stages. A lower MC was recorded for cows in their first lactation than for multiparous cows. Data obtained from primiparous cows showed the highest MC to occur between 100 and 200 days of lactation. In the group of multiparous cows, MC increased with the lactation stage. It was also shown that the mean values obtained for MY, MD and TB were higher for cows with a lower SCC (&lt;400000). Correlations between lnSCC (the natural logarithm of SCC) and MY and between lnSCC and MD were negative and low, while those between lnSCC and MC and lnSCC and MF were positive. Moderate correlations were found between lnSCC and total MC. Conclusions The study confirmed the differences in the performance of different udder quarters in relation to MY, MD, TB, MF, MS and SCC. Implications AMS provides farmers with vast data on milk and milking parameters. By monitoring changes in these parameters, farmer may be able to predict the level of production of their herd and the health of cows.

VARIATIONS OF SOMATIC CELLS AND NEUTROPHILS IN MILK THROUGHOUT LACTATION1

1972 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 197-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. L. Duttschaever ◽  
G. C. Ashton
Keyword(s):  
Cell Count ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Neutrophil Count ◽  
Somatic Cells ◽  
Total Cell ◽  
Holstein Cows ◽  
Total Cell Count ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Neutrophil Percentage ◽  
Differential Cell

Total and differential cell counts were obtained for alternate weekly morning and evening milk from 11 Holstein cows in six different lactations. Milk from quarters suspected of mastitis were examined for presence of pathogens. Weekly cell counts for each cow showed large variations throughout lactation. The neutrophil count closely paralleled the total cell count. The average neutrophil percentage varied from 65 to 96%. No relationship was observed between cell count or type and length of lactation, age of cow, and milk yield. In addition to mastitis, unspecified stresses seemed to cause irregular sudden increases in somatic cells. Except during severe stresses, total cell counts were about 200,000 per milliliter, of which 65 to 90% were neutrophils.

THE INFLUENCE OF THE WORKING FACTOR AND CELL CONTENT ON THE PRECISION OF MICROSCOPIC COUNTS OF MILK SOMATIC CELLS1

1966 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 49-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Schneider ◽  
D. E. Jasper
Keyword(s):  
Least Squares ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Inverse Relationship ◽  
Least Squares Method ◽  
The Other ◽  
Major Portion ◽  
Cell Content ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Count Range ◽  
The Relationship

Summary Variations in precision of the Breed method for cell counts in milk were investigated by utilizing different working factors (WF) for the same smear and by using the same WF over a major portion of the probable cell count range. A significant inverse relationship was found between precision and the WF. With a constant WF on the other hand, the precision of the count increased very significantly as the actual cell count increased. Formulas showing the relationship between the expected high and low for any given cell count were computed via the least squares method for a WF of 20,000. Evidence was presented that a WF of 5,000 or below would be necessary when a good estimate of cell content is important.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document