Associations between major fatty acids in plant oils fed to dairy goats and C18 isomers in milk fat

2015 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 152-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrés L Martínez Marín ◽  
Pilar Gómez-Cortés ◽  
Nieves Núñez Sánchez ◽  
Manuela Juárez ◽  
Ana I Garzón Sigler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Principal Factor ◽  
Plant Oils ◽  
Dairy Goats ◽  
Plant Lipids ◽  
Principal Factors ◽  
Fat Composition

Relationships between fatty acids (FAs) in plant oils included in goat diets and milk fat C18 isomers were determined by Principal Factor Analysis (PFA). The three first principal factors (PF1, PF2 and PF3) accounted for 64·5% of the total variation in milk FAs contents. Fatty acids with a double bond at carbons 13, 14, 15 or 16 had high (>0·6) and positive loadings for PF1, trans-4 to trans-8 C18:1 for PF2, whereas trans-10 C18:1, trans-11 C18:1 and cis-9 trans-11 C18:2 showed high and positive loadings for PF3. Pearson's correlations supported that PF1, PF2 and PF3 were related to α-linolenic, oleic and linoleic acid intakes, respectively. Our results show that the quantitatively main FAs in plant lipids supplemented to dairy ruminants are often the main cause of the observed changes in milk C18 isomer contents. However, sometimes the observed changes are caused, or at least are influenced, by other FAs present in lower quantities in the plant lipids. Thus, using mixtures of plant oils with differently unsaturated main FAs could be a way of tailoring milk fat composition to a pre-designed pattern.

The effect of dietary linola oil on CLA and other fatty acids in bovine milk

2008 ◽  
Vol 88 (2) ◽  
pp. 321-324
Author(s):  
L. Doepel ◽  
G. P. Toronchuk ◽  
J. R. E. Crowe
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Bovine Milk ◽  
Pork Lard ◽  
Milk Component ◽  
Fat Composition ◽  
Pork Fat ◽  
Dietary Treatments

To evaluate the effects of fat source on milk fat composition and milk conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) concentration, cows were fed diets that were high in either C18:2 or C18:0. Twenty-two Holstein cows were blocked by parity and milk production and randomly assigned within block to one of two dietary treatments containing either 3% pork fat (LARD) or 3% linola oil (OIL) on a dry matter (DM) basis. The diets were fed for 21 d. Feed intake and milk and milk component yields were unaffected by treatment, whereas milk fat percent was decreased with the linola oil treatment. The cis-9, trans-11 CLA concentration of milk from cows fed linola oil was significantly higher than from cows fed pork lard. Key words: CLA, fatty acids, linola oil, milk

scholarly journals Short communication: Relationships between the daily intake of unsaturated plant lipids and the contents of major milk fatty acids in dairy goats

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. e06SC03 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrés L. Martínez Marín ◽  
Nieves Núñez Sánchez ◽  
Ana I. Garzón Sigler ◽  
Francisco Peña Blanco ◽  
Miguel Angel De la Fuente
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Short Communication ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Dairy Goats ◽  
Milk Fatty Acids ◽  
Plant Lipid ◽  
Plant Lipids ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Meta Regression

<p>A meta-regression of the effects of the amount of plant lipids consumed by dairy goats on the contents of some milk fat fatty acids (FA) was carried out. Fourteen peer-reviewed published papers reporting 17 experiments were used in the study. Those experiments compared control diets without added fat with diets that included plant lipids rich in unsaturated FA, summing up to 64 treatments. The results showed that increasing daily intake of plant lipids linearly reduced the contents of all medium chain saturated FA in milk fat. Moreover, it was observed that the longer the chain of the milk saturated FA, the greater the negative effect of the plant lipid intake on their contents. On the other hand, the contents of stearic acid and the sum of oleic, linoleic and α-linolenic acids in milk fat linearly increased as daily plant lipid intake rose. The results obtained corroborate previous reports on the effects of feeding dairy goats with increasing amounts of unsaturated plant lipids on milk FA profile.</p>

scholarly journals Influence of Dietary Fish Oil on Conjugated Linoleic Acid and Other Fatty Acids in Milk Fat from Lactating Dairy Cows

2000 ◽  
Vol 83 (11) ◽  
pp. 2620-2628 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.C. Donovan ◽  
D.J. Schingoethe ◽  
R.J. Baer ◽  
J. Ryali ◽  
A.R. Hippen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Conjugated Linoleic Acid ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows ◽  
Dietary Fish

scholarly journals Effects of dietary energy levels using calcium salts of fatty acids on nutritive value of diets and milk quality in peripartum dairy goats

2014 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 286-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo de Souza ◽  
Claudete Regina Alcalde ◽  
Bruna Hygino ◽  
Bruna Susan de Labio Molina ◽  
Geraldo Tadeu dos Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Energy Level ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Milk Quality ◽  
Dietary Energy ◽  
Dairy Goats

Peripartum is a critical period for dairy goats, as dry matter intake (DMI) is not enough to supply the energy requirement for foetal growth and subsequent lactation. The objective of this study was to evaluate the use of calcium salts of fatty acids (CSFA) to increase dietary energy level of peripartum dairy goats and its effects on nutritive value of diets and milk quality. Twenty multiparous Saanen goats (body weight 63.5±10.3 kg) were distributed in a completely randomised design in four treatments at the following dietary energy levels: 2.6 Mcal of metabolisable energy per kg of dry matter (Mcal ME/kg DM) - control diet; and 2.7, 2.8, and 2.9 Mcal/kg DM - with added CSFA. Goats were housed in individual stalls and evaluated in the peripartum period, by measuring body weight (BW), DMI, dry matter and nutrient digestibility of diets, blood composition, and milk quality and yield. Increasing dietary energy level to 2.9 Mcal ME/kg DM had no effect on BW and did not limit DMI. CSFA supplementation increased intake of total digestible nutrients and did not affect fibre digestion. Blood triglycerides and cholesterol concentration increased with CSFA addition. The treatments had no effect on milk yield and composition; however, CSFA supplementation changed the fatty acid concentration of milk fat, increasing levels of polyunsaturated and essential fatty acids. In conclusion, peripartum dairy goats supplemented with CSFA to increase dietary energy level up to 2.9 Mcal ME/kg DM had a greater supply of total digestible nutrients and showed altered fatty acid concentration of milk fat.

Independent effects of dietary linoleic and linolenic fatty acids on the conjugated linoleic acid content of cows’ milk

2002 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 163-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.L. Lock ◽  
P.C. Garnsworthy
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Conjugated Linoleic Acid ◽  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Health Benefit ◽  
Low Linolenic Acid ◽  
Low Linolenic

AbstractIt may be desirable to increase the level of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) in milk as a health benefit in human nutrition. The purpose of this work was to separate the effects of linoleic and linolenic acids on CLA production in dairy cows and to determine to what extent endogenous synthesis contributes to cis-9, trans-11 CLA concentration in milk fat. Eight lactating cows and four non-lactating duodenal fistulated cows were used in a 4 ✕ 4 Latin-square design. All cows received a basal diet of grass silage that was supplemented with one of four concentrates, which were designed to differ in their linoleic and linolenic acid contents. The oil components of the concentrates were produced from mixtures of olive, linseed, rape, soya and sunflower oils to produce the four treatments: low linoleic/ low linolenic acid (LL), low linoleic/high linolenic acid (LH), high linoleic/low linolenic acid (HL) and high linoleic/ high linolenic acid (HH). Milk cis-9, trans-11 CLA contents were 0·8, 0·9, 0·9 and 1·1 g/100 g fatty acid methyl esters (P < 0·05) and yields were 5, 7, 7 and 8 g/day (P < 0·05) for the LL, LH, HL and HH treatments, respectively. The yields of trans-C18:1 fatty acids in milk were 19, 22, 21 and 23 g/day (P < 0·05), respectively. Taking the data for the cis-9, trans-11 CLA content and flow of duodenal fluid from the fistulated cows and representing this in terms of dietary intake by the lactating animals, the amounts of cis-9, trans-11 CLA produced in the rumen were calculated to be 0·8, 0·9, 1·2 and 1·1 g/day (P < 0·05) and for trans-C18:1 fatty acids 58, 58, 66 and 69 g/day (P < 0·05). Increasing linoleic and/or linolenic acids in the diet can increase the cis-9, trans-11 CLA content of cows’ milk. Only diets high in linoleic acid increased cis-9, trans-11 CLA production in the rumen. On all four diets, more than 80% of cis-9, trans-11 CLA in milk was produced endogenously by Δ9-desaturase from trans-11 C18:1 in the mammary gland. Cows on the same diet have different milk fat cis-9, trans-11 CLA concentrations that may be partially explained by differences in Δ9-desaturase activity between cows. Increasing the activity of Δ9-desaturase in the mammary gland may offer greater potential for enhancing the cis-9, trans-11 CLA content of milk fat than increasing cis-9, trans-11 CLA production in the rumen.

scholarly journals Comparison of fatty acid composition in milk fat of Czech Pied cattle andHolsteincattle

2011 ◽  
Vol 50 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 122-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Pešek ◽  
J. Špička ◽  
E. Samková
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Capric Acid ◽  
Holstein Cows ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Daily Diet ◽  
Fat Composition ◽  
The Individual

In May 2003 differences in milk fat composition in two main dairy breeds in the Czech Republic, Czech Pied cattle and Holstein cattle, were studied in two uniform groups, each containing eight cows. The groups were housed together and received the same daily diet. Fatty acids were determined in mean milk samples from the individual cows as their methyl esters using a gas chromatography procedure. The groups of the fatty acids, namely saturated (SAFA), monounsaturated (MUFA) and polyunsaturated (PUFA) ones, were examined together with the individual acids. The milk fat of Czech Pied cattle was found to contain significantly less SAFAs than the fat of Holstein cows (60.78 and 63.62% of total acids; P &lt; 0.05). Determined mean MUFA contents (27.64 and 25.76%) and total levels (34.31 and 32.11%) of all the unsaturated acids (MUFAs and PUFAs) were insignificantly elevated in the milk fat of Czech Pied cattle. The contents of the most of the individual fatty acids did not differ considerably between the breeds. In Holstein cows, significantly higher contents (P &lt; 0.05) of capric acid (C<sub>10:0</sub>) and stearic acid (C<sub>18:0</sub>) 3.30 and 4.45%, respectively, as compared with 2.69 and 2.61% for Czech Pied cows, were observed. The milk fat of Czech Pied cows had significantly higher contents of oleic acid (C<sub>18:1</sub>) 23.60% (P &lt; 0.05) and of an isomer of octadecatrienic acid (C<sub>18:3n4</sub>) 0.16% (P &lt; 0.001) as compared with 21.68 and 0.10%, respectively, in the fat ofHolstein cows. &nbsp;

scholarly journals Effects of polyunsaturated fatty acids from plant oils and algae on milk fat yield and composition are associated with mammary lipogenic and SREBF1 gene expression

animal ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
pp. 1961-1972 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Angulo ◽  
L. Mahecha ◽  
K. Nuernberg ◽  
G. Nuernberg ◽  
D. Dannenberger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Plant Oils ◽  
Fat Yield ◽  
Srebf1 Gene

scholarly journals An overview on the use of hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) in animal nutrition

Poljoprivreda ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 52-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Željka Klir ◽  
Josip Novoselec ◽  
Zvonko Antunović
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Cannabis Sativa ◽  
Animal Nutrition ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dairy Goats ◽  
Animal Products ◽  
Conjugated Fatty Acid ◽  
Laying Performance ◽  
Hemp Oil

The aim of the paper was to research the possibility of using hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) in animal nutrition. In animal nutrition, hemp seeds can be used, as well as hempseed cake, and hemp oil as supplement in feed mixtures. Hemp seeds are rich in crude protein and crude fat with adequate proportions of linoleic (LA, C18:2 n-6) and linolenic (ALA, C18:3 n-3) acid. The addition of hemp oil in diets of dairy goats increased milk fat with increasing conjugated fatty acid (CLA) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) proportions. When feeding ewes with addition of hemp seeds (180 g/day) or hempseed cake (480 g/day), higher milk fat content was observed with higher proportions of LA, CLA and ALA. Addition of hempseed cake (143 g/ kg DM) in diets of cows increased milk yield, compared to the control group and the group with higher levels of hempseed cake (233 or 318 g/kg DM). Nutrition of laying hens with hemp seeds in diet (10 and 20%) provided enrichment of yolk fat with ALA, and did not negatively influence laying performance. The aforementioned indicated possibility of using hemp in diets of animals without major changes in production, and with possible increase of desirable fatty acids in animal products.

The use of oats in diets for dairy cows as a means of reducing the saturated fatty acid content of milk fat

1988 ◽  
Vol 1988 ◽  
pp. 74-74
Author(s):  
P.A. Martin ◽  
P.C. Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Previous Experiment ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Fat Composition ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Uk

It is well established that the proportion of saturated fatty acids in cows milk fat can be reduced by dietary inclusion of fats containing a large proportion of C18 fatty acids. Regardless of the individual C18 acids added to the diet, because unsaturated C18 fatty acids are biohydrogenated in the rumen it is principally the amount of 18:0 absorbed by the animal which is increased. This leads to increased mammary uptake and desaturation of 18:0 and to the secretion in milk of greater amounts of 18:0 and 18:1 fatty acids. Intramammary synthesis of 6:0-16:0 fatty acids is concurrently reduced. Of the cereals grown in the UK, oats contain relatively large amounts of C18 fatty acids. For this reason we have examined the potential of dietary inclusion of oats as a simple and inexpensive means of manipulating milk fat composition. In a previous experiment in which hay-based diets were given replacement of barley with oats reduced the saturated (6:0-18:0) fatty acids in milk fat from 753 to 619 g/kg and increased the monounsaturated fatty acids from 211 to 344 g/kg milk fat.

scholarly journals Fatty acids and composition of their important groups in milk fat of Czech Pied cattle

2011 ◽  
Vol 51 (No. 5) ◽  
pp. 181-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Pešek ◽  
E. Samková ◽  
J. Špička
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Palmitic Acid ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Chromatographic Method ◽  
Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Fat Composition ◽  
Total Proportion ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Gas Chromatographic Method

In 2003, 2004 and 2005 milk fat composition was determined three times in 55 dairy cows of Czech Pied cattle housed in a byre with stanchions and fed under conditions usual on Czech production farms. Fatty acids were determined by a gas chromatographic method, 26 acids out of the total 37 acids observed in chromatograms were identified. The highest proportions were observed for palmitic acid (29.25 &plusmn; 2.98%), oleic acid (24.47 &plusmn; 3.27%), myristic acid (12.14 &plusmn; 1.80%) and stearic acid (8.91 &plusmn; 2.44%). The proportions of saturated, unsaturated and monounsaturated fatty acids were 64.71 &plusmn; 4.18, 31.96 &plusmn; 4.20 and 27.45 &plusmn; 3.42% of total acids, respectively. The total proportion of nutritionally undesirable lauric, myristic and palmitic acid was 45.26 &plusmn; 4.77%, while that of the desirable group of polyunsaturated fatty acids was 4.51 &plusmn; 1.09%. The observed relatively wide ranges of the individual groups of fatty acids indicate that it is possible to improve the milk fat composition in Czech Pied cows. &nbsp;

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